america tonight". tell us what you think at aljazeera.com/americatonight. talk to us on twitter and facebook and come back. we'll have more of "america tonight" tomorrow. >>> i'm ali velshi "on target." the deal with iran has jewish americans taking sides. i go into a jewish community that insists on the last thing in the world that you might expect. senate democrats handed president obama a huge victory, probably the biggest in a battle

america's greatest country. america if it wasn't for america , america save the world. if you think about open-air inner third time. america is working to save the world. go back to world war ii. america stood between totalitarianism and freedom and freedom loving countries. it stood between communism and the free world and now the war on terrorism. we have allies don't get me wrong but it's america taking the lead. where would this world be? where would your beloved european countries be if it hadn't been for america not once, not twice but three times an hour in the bucknell can see your. many of them are our allies but many of them are trading liberty for security. we are a young dynamic running country and we must not make that trade-off. i had a professor at around the told me this and i will leave it does. he was a professor and he said the you're too smart not to be a socialist. [laughter] i said ashley you are too smart not to be her publicans they left it at that. he said fair enough i will he be alone. i want to thank you for having me and i urge you to get "le

america, brace yourself. america is a big country. it's far way from big country. it's far way from the middle east it's not threatened with national annihilation from the iranians. we have the best military in the world. israel is a small country. we are located in the backyard of iran. we are threatened with genocide weekly by the iranian leadership and while the ids is this wonderful army, we don't have strategic bombers or aircraft carriers. our margin for air over iran is exactly 0. we cannot afford to make the slightest mistake. americahas. america has some leeway. it really does. in addition to the structural differences there are the ideological and conceptual differences. maybe these were the most important differences of all. what do they say? the president president has gone on record and it's very good, my skills as a historian, i always go back and look for quotes, but the president ought actually talks a tremendous amount about his feelings and perceptions so i don't have to do much research. he has called the around me regime rational. he called that if it's properly engage they can be a responsible regional power and can actually help resolve the conflicts between sunnis and shiites. it often grates rates on a cost-benefit basis. to contrast that with israel's position. their position in iran, it some takes rational steps geared to achieve the same goals. among them destruction of my country. they are a jihadist cult type regime that is supporting tear and all the things i've talked about. the president has

america's past. history bookshelf with the best-known history writers. thepresidency, looking at policy and legacies of our nation's commander-in-chief. lectures in history with top college professors delving into america's past. and our new series, reel i'm america -- america featuring archival footage. us in hd, like us on facebook, and follow us on twitter. >> all weekend american history tv is featuring cincinnati, ohio. this date was home to seven u.s. presidents including william hisy harrison, known by contemporaries as the father of the west. our time warner cable partners worked with c-span's city to her staff when we traveled to cincinnati to explore the history. learn more on american history tv. we are in georgia, ohio, and this is the boyhood home of grant. we are 40 miles east of cincinnati and 10 miles from the ohio river. he lived here and went to school here. was thes grant commander of the union forces in the civil war, and he won the war for the north. then he became the 18th president of the united states, three years later. came iner and mother 1823. georgetown was a frontier. they had just made brown county a county. that is why his father wanted to move here, because he would have a lot more business. this is going to be th

america , etc, etc, etc.... hoy frente a la alcaldia se dieron cita decenas de personas .. escucharon muy atentos la interpretacion de la cancion america muy atentos a las breves pero muy emotivas palabras que dio el alcalde sam liccardo... pero despues de eso ...quisieron ofrecerle algo a cambio a la comunidad...por ello un grupo de unos 300 voluntarios la moria d locales se fueron a trabajar en 11 proyectos distintos en todo el silicon valley... sot carole leigh hutton live united san jose 911 03:41 al 03:47 the best way to ret vil is to dit with good antoday 049 we are buildi a ramp....commun y centera mejor mane de combatir es un dia pa hacer purasy cosas buenas... vo fueron 11 proyectos en total en los que p. por ejemplo construyeron una rampa para discapacitados en un centro de veteranos, remodelaron un area de juegos infantiles en un albergue para familias indigentes, distribuyeron libros en una secundaria, y limpiaron una area verde en un centro comunitario... sandra live esta che concluyen el dia de servicio y conmemoracion con una vigilia que se realizara en el oak hill memorial park... take vo/blanca ---en nueva york, ms de

america. >> and expanding access to play... >> at the end of the day, it's about the kids... >> every tuesday night. >> i lived that character. >> go one on one with america's movers and shakers. >> we will be able to see change. >> gripping. inspiring. entertaining. "talk to al jazeera". only on al jazeera america. >> "america tonight" brought you the story that shocked the >>> the question of ed the communication normally a convicted prisoner gets family visits every couple of weeks. and for the most part you are not allowed contact with lawyers, just family visits. but there is communication. remember, you are in a community of prisoners. and there are always people moving in and out coming to visit. you are able to exchange messages throughout the prisoners, and the families and those families will communicate with your own families, count always work well, but if you are in an information void. the authorities do their best to cut you off from the outside world. messages get through. the prison grapevine is effective. people whose job is to report the new, to be involved in current affairs at high level is frustrating and frustrating in a way that can start to have a strong psychological impact. the only way to deal with that is to accept the reality and try to come up with creative ways of

america america pageant you will find the world's largest pipe organ. so we are are inse e the organ right now. >> about ready to roll. >> fisher creative design installed and opened it up to the public. they already have have a desired effect. >> oh my god. >> it's coming to an end and you can still head out and check out new york citchas it has a lot to offer. >> this is jordan am i right? >> is racown away by how mstilht has changed and devastate from super storm sandy, as ir thi walawing ttauough their i see things thriving, not according to a national preservation organization called the national trust for historic prehistoric, they're focused on the destagecting down there. there's a list of 11 places that are national historic sites in the country that are actuall hist3 endangered. the architectural, cultural and natural heritage are at risk of destagectiovitf at the center of this contribution is his cor-geration that is rebnd tlding the whole waterfront but there. i met up with the man dowack3 there. >> this is a commercpol area, it always has been,. >> he took me on a tour of the area, i saw things i de ton't kw existed. >> its stock, it's gorgeots.. we have a lot of pis hple come n here for receptions, weddings, birthday parties. >> i can't resist. >> right there is the very center of the financial world and really the whole world. >> all of the trade came into the sport, right behind us the stoep>> iter horn bnd tlding was original world trade center. >> the unveiled plans to build a as i sway out here on the dark on the east river i am rory.indd of the fish market which is also swaying and about to fall down. part of the prese hiation sgedit argument is that they have to tear that down to build the new lu3 ry bnd tlding for the howard istghes cor-geration plans to pt up here which is 300 million in puracic acts which is at schooti hots.ing. >> did they mention the mafia, dogfighting, the thingsk the things that go on out there. is it new york, where you build it bigger. >> i i think it's great and thinksng outside the box. think the need to refocus their effortsk on that same list as the grand canyon. putting this up there with the grand canyon i don't know if i understand. >> 6048 miles, you think miles, you think your tir, 6 meet this guy. >> this is a landmark of a historic building. >> he has walked every street in every borough. >> every corner of new york is a story. >> it bealan, it was a creation, we didn't have any money, it was upon experience. >> later it tuexted into a four-year challenge. ultimately resulting in this boowe >> yet to do it in the morning, evening, weekend, weekend, during the week, the summer, winter, thinic changes. >> just to be clear he doesn't just walk the walk. >> who is this gs >> he talaws the talk. >> i don't let anybody get away from m, 6 if ir thi walksng on e street i jts.t grab them, before they know what they're in the inte hiiee toi >> it's rcing above and the glitz in the glam. he sees people of every corner of the area. >> the big walk may be over but he's not done yet. he is is now working on the second book, this time it will be a complete tour guide of just brooklyn. it's a lot of walksng. >> it comes from here and genuinely enjoying what you're doing. so ir thi ggling to keep dgling. >> you don't need to impress people, you don't need to aoot f that stuff. >> tell me are your feet up for the walk, tweet your answess i chasing neeak and tweet me. >> hi everyone, i'm in front of boardwalk hall in atlantic city home of this yeaboas ms. america pageant. behind all behind all of the glitz and glas competition you will find a hidden gem here in atlantic city. the la3 oe pipe o3 oan. >> it's about 150 pounds, 57 trailers full of equipment. so we are inse toe the o3 oan right noe toi so i can say i walked with you inside the organ. >> it is the world's largest instagement. >> that's incredible. >> this is the world's largest organ it is a tourist attraction here. >> stephen is the organist and dicl of outreach here and he loves the organ since childhood. >> i remember the first time i played a pme ae o3 oan, six yeass old. it was paris church when i was attendineas >> today he has a dgedtoral degree in organ performance. >> there is something fascinating about the dle sound, the complexity of the sound. >> if you want to hear for yourself, you can do so for free. weekdays from may to october you can get a free recital into her at new, all year-round there's an extended free to her starting at ten am a.m. on wednesdays for two fu

america tonight". four years after japan's nuclear disaster, the same region hit by flooding. friday on "america tonight". >>> on death's journey, attention has been focused on europe and the syrian refugees that reached the shores. conflict in iraq is keeping another group of refugees on the move. the group calling it said islamic state, known as i.s.i.l. drew international attention by forcing yazidi to be trapped on a remote mountain top. many that got away find themselves in kurdish northern iraq. where jane arraf saw the latest attempts at finding shelter. >> it had a name. it was built bit private investors to be sold. it's known as refugee towers. the families living here are survivors of a campaign of genocide by i.s.i.l. they are yazidi, a small and ain cement minority attacked and slaved by the group, as it raided towns and villages and northern iraq. they escape to the mountains, to syria and here to the iraqi kurdish region. >> 4,000 of them ended up in a construction site. half of them stayed. they walk the path over the leaking sewerage over stairs leading to unfinished floors. in each of the rooms, people have gathered together. they are surviving family members. there's no i.s.i.l. here. this place has its own place for children. open fires. open windows. there are nine floors here, and families living in every one of them. in this urban environment people recreated village life. planks and a chair has been turned into a barber stop. he puts the finishing touches on a customer, using threat to pull out stray hairs on the face - painful but effective. he said it's important to keep clean, especially here. everything here is difficult, from getting water to keeping warm. the survivors turned the brick towers into villages, and a few home. >> between the concrete floors, there's layers of tragedy. this person and her family were on sinjar mountain for a week, and she buried the baby daughter there. >> on the second day she felt ill and died on the third. >> i didn't have anything to give her, apart from water. she dug a hole in the ground and put her there. it's the first way, lost her 14-year-old son ally. grandparents. when i spoke to them. there was no work, i believe he was killed. she was lucky not to lose any children. her son was born with one hand. the medical care is not available. he has a special talent. he sings. and he remembers almost everything he has heard, including the songs of heart break on sinjar mountain. sinjar my homeland they hurt you, where is your mother, your sister, your brother. at the refugee towers, the children find diversion from the bleak surroundings. not just a kite, but a favourite soccer team. from the roof, they lift their spirits with it, high above the reality of life and refugee towers >>> young people still looking for a reason to hope. that is "america tonight". tell us what you think at aljazeera.com/americatonight. talk to us on twitter and facebook and come back. we'll have more of "america tonight" tomorrow. >> macedonian police beat up refugees trying to make their way through the hungar hungary/macedonia border. hello. welcome to al jazeera. also ahead, russia confirms it's providing military aid to sear and will continue to do so. voting is under their singapore. plus, scientists say they have discovered a new human-like species.

america. "america tonight" is next. i'll see you again in an hour. ♪ >> [ ♪ ] >>> on "america tonight" - don't mess with you mum. >> every want a sandwich, get over here. >> just as mothers keep things understand control in their home, i figured we can do in our community >>> sara hoy in chicago, with the women warriors, keeping trouble off their streets. >> alaska - baked. a fiery season and warning about what may lie ahead. >> smells like a fire place a month later. it jumped a highway and two creeks, that's how intense it was. alaska will see more of this >>> jacob ward on the warm up in a state better known for its perm frost >>> thanks for joining us, i'm joie chen. it's the last frontier and the forefront of the national debate over climate change. president barack obama is in alaska pushing the discussion to focus attention on a climate heating up twice as fast as in the lower 48. and what that may mean to the long-term health of our world. "america tonight" sent jacob ward north for a closer look. he found a forest fire season burning hotter and longer than ever >>> this summer, hundreds of wildfires raged across

recede, and an offense to answer the critics of america i wrote an earlier book called what's so great about america. it's about islamic radical attacks on america. they say that the wealth of america is based. >> in your book the shock of asian dominance for people in the west is to see how differently the world is going to be run when america is no longer running it. the roman empires were based on exploitation. the goal was to extract wealth, minerals, free labor from the colony which were settled by those countries. america governed the world as an empire and keeps the lanes open for the comments of the world. we go in and we go out and unlike other colonial expeditions it ends up costing us money. we lost a lot of money in iraq. if we were a colonial expedition we would have made money and reimbursed ourselves. it seems to have been a benign empire if you want to call it that and i think if american power were to go to somebody else, china and russia they would use it far more heavy handedly and brutally so i feel that america has been a positive influence in the world and i can't imagine the century if there had never been america so this

america was supposed to be a representative democracy where they would not be constantly beholden to this tiny fraction of america but would be represented as for all of america. topics that you teach at harvard, constitutional law, and earlier we commemorated the 220th anniversary of the adoption of the constitution. if our founding fathers were here today, what would they think? prof. lessig: i think they would be astonished and disgusted by what we have allowed to happen. the framers of our constitution were oblivious to a bunch of issues that we find central and critical. they had no crew -- clue about racy quality, or sex equality, even though have adams was among them, they did not understand that women should be granted equal status. they did not even know what sexual orientation equality would have been. all of the equality we focus on today they would have had no sense of, but the one thing they understood was the inequality of wealth. architect of the constitution, said it would have a branch -- congress, that would be dependent on the people alone. an exclusive dependence on the people. to be clear he said, by the people, i mean "not the rich over

sporting dreams airs this sunday night on al jazeera america >> "america tonight" brought you the story that shocked the nation. >> i remember waking up and he was trying to have sex with me. >> now we go back inside the colleges in crisis. >> the vast majority of sexual assaults on campus are being perpetrated by serial offenders. >> revealing accusations, cover-ups and the shocking failures. >> before he raped me, he had already been sanctioned by the college. >> is enough being done to protect our children? >> protestors are gathering... >> there's an air of tension right now... >> the crowd chanting for democracy... >> this is another significant development... >> we have an exclusive story tonight, and we go live... thoughts >>> i know something about love. i'll be in this splint for another month for a distil fracture of a wrist after a cycling accident. as the father of a varsity athlete, i would think once or twice before counselling a teenager not to strive for physical effort. but the toll from biggest, faster kids, intensive training at younger and younger ages ought to give

america -- americas think this, they rarely include the polling of american latinos. when you ask them how do you feel about the climate change, how do you feel about america in general, they are the most optimistic. they are the ones that actually think america's days are full ahead, best days are ahead of them, no one talks to them. this priest, this pope is actually saying we want to talk to you, we want to bring you into the fabric of it. and i think one of the pieces that was most powerful from the pope that really resonated with a lot of young people was when he was asked about his position on homosexuality and he said, "who am i to judge?" that immediately created, resonated, had ripple affects, all of a sudden, yeah, took a position of spiritual adviser saying we are imperfect, how do we move together forward? >> so, perhaps a good thing would be during the news media reporting on stories about, say, hard work, productivity, family values, instead of just immigration and deportation. >> american issues are latino issues and vice versa. latinos are the second largest, fastest growing, youngest demographic of americans and fact that's speaking directly to the --

first pope from latin america and now he's coming to america, i think it's an important, historical moment. liz: absolutely, as we witness a pretty exciting greeting here, americaaiting on tenterhooks to hear what he has to say. there is a belief he will give this anti-capitalist message. almost a preconceived notion about the pope, but when he touches down and takes the microphone tomorrow in washington, d.c., and friday in new york, what do you think he's really going to say? >> well, he's got three major addresses he's making. one is to congress in washington. liz: right. >> he does meet tomorrow at the white house with all of the guests that obama has invited, but the real important address is the next morning, thursday morning at congress, then he flies the same day up to new york, and speaks at the united nations, that's the second great address of this meeting. then he comes to philadelphia and philadelphia is having a world meeting of families right now, actually, i've been involved with preparing for that, and it's quite a large gathering at the philadelphia, the pennsylvania convention center, he will celebrate mass in philadelphia and give an address

sending their government a message. >> organizing themselves. >> weeknights, on al jazeera america primetime. >> "america tonight" brought you the story that shocked the nation. >> i remember waking up and he was trying to have sex with me. >> now we go back inside the colleges in crisis. >> the vast majority of sexual assaults on campus are being perpetrated by serial offenders. >> revealing accusations, cover-ups and the shocking failures. >> before he raped me, he had already been sanctioned by the college. >> is enough being done to protect our children? >>> calls for all european nations to act as the e.u. prepares its plan to resettle thousands of refugees. ♪ ♪ >>> hello i am darren jordan with the world news for al jazeera. australia says it will take in thousands of refugees and begin airstrikes against isil in syria. >>> tension in turkey, officers of a pro-kurdish political party are attacked hours after the killing of 14 police officers. plus. >> reporter: whether it's been long or s,

america's future, not america's fear, democrats will win. [cheering] [applause] hear mr. trump saying he wants to make americareat again, respond america is great, we just have to make it work for all of the people in our country again. so, i think we are going to have a great campaign. it is going to be fun. because what makes the other folks uncomfortable is what makes america what we are today. our diversity, our ingenuity, our innovation. the signs of american dynamism. our immigrant culture. all we do to build a country where everybody has a place. limits one are no what we can achieve when we put our, and interests in front of self interests and common sense in front of nonsense. i am fighting or that america. i am fighting for all americans, not just some. struggling, the striving, and the successful. i am running for everyone who has been knocked down but refused to be knocked out. -- i amhting for you to fighting for you, democrats. let's go out and make america the future. [cheering] [applause] ♪ [indiscernible] >> hillary, we love you. ♪ >> we love you! ♪ >> on the 2016 presidential race. democrati

america's greatest country. america if it wasn't for america , america save the world. if you think about open-air inner third time. america is working to save the world. go back to world war ii. america stood between totalitarianism and freedom and freedom loving countries. it stood between communism and the free world and now the war on terrorism. we have allies don't get me wrong but it's america taking the lead. where would this world be? where would your beloved european countries be if it hadn't been for america not once, not twice but three times an hour in the bucknell can see your. many of them are our allies but many of them are trading liberty for security. we are a young dynamic running country and we must not make that trade-off. i had a professor at around the told me this and i will leave it does. he was a professor and he said the you're too smart not to be a socialist. [laughter] i said ashley you are too smart not to be her publicans they left it at that. he said fair enough i will he be alone. i want to thank you for having me and i urge you to get "le

america, does that sum it up? >> exactly. no confidence in america. al great concern about where we're headed. >>> more on the special edition of "hannity," restoring america's greatest straight ahead. >> it's those hard liners chanting death to america who is most opposed to the deal. they're making common cause to the republican caucus. >>> president obama lashing out at critics of the iranian nuclear deal despite its dangerous ramifications. why does the commander in chief refuse to say the words radical islam? why kind of damage has the policy done. the rise of russian aggression, all that and much more on the special edition of "hannity." there's a more enjoyao get your fiber. try phillips' fiber good gummies plus energy support. it's a new fiber supplement that helps support regularity and includes b vitamins to help convert food to energy. mmmmm, these are good! nice work, phillips! the tasty side of fiber, from phillips'. i try hard to get a great shape. this... i can do easily. new benefiber healthy shape helps curb cravings. it's a clear, taste-free daily supplement that's clinically proven to help keep me fuller longer. new benefiber healthy shape

now he comes back to america, latin america and north america. in november,onth he will also be in africa. this means that the experience of the pope is universal and it is growing. growing not only meeting bishops from all parts of the world but also traveling in different parts of the world and problems ing the the mankind of today. feel that the pope is now ready to address global questions, very global questions and he is doing in latin america and the now, here in the u.s. and the united nations assembly. the pope feels to have now the experience and moral authority questionsnswers and to the most important assemblies of the world of today. speech he will have for congress and the u.n. assembly i think are very speed --ng because the speeds of a persian that has great moral authority and is a -- is able to interpret the questions that come from the global mankind. and to try to give orientation and answers to the people of the entire world. this occasion in particular here ,n washington and in new york there are two important speeches in the

america, brace yourself. america is a big country. it's far away from the middle east. america has the largest military capability in the world, you have b-2 bombers. we are threatened weekly. it's twice as big as the french and british combined but we don't have strategic bombers and don't have aircraft carriers. our margin for error is zero. america has leeway, it really does. in addition to the structural differences there was the idea logical differences. the president has gone on record. i always go back and look for quotes. the president talks a tremendous about feelings and perception so i don't have to do much research. he has called them a rational regime, that he believes if properly engaged the iran regime, iran can be responsible power, they can help resolve conflict, cost-benefit basis. that contrast that with israel's. israel's position on iran, takes rational steps, they are gere today achieve insane goals and among them instruction of my country and that they are jahadist regime that supports terror. the president said that iran is not north korea. it's worst th

all of white america, all of america is against black america. that's crazy. problem. >> no the problem is you putting word like that into my mouth. that statement itself become is a racist statement. for you to then take america. >> charles, you just said it. >> i let you speak. you will let me speak, harry. when you take america to say, that means, all of black america is against white america. that is a racist statement. in and of itself, harry. and you have to step back from your perch and look at what you are saying. >> that's a racist statement. you are the expert on racist statements now. >> specifically racist. >> what i am looking at, targets. because i disagree with you i'm a racist. that's your narrative. >> one at a time. let charles finish. >> i would like for you to do that. that would be the right thing to do, harry. >> when you look at that. when eye look at who is the target. who is treated negative lie, that becomes america, black and brown people you. can have your opinion. you don't have the right to your own set of facts. >> i want harry t

. >> america, america. >> is there have the ending? >> 49 years this week.steve and i have hosted and i have cooked at our house for the last 47 years and it is written for marriages. >> i have enjoyed all three of your books on women's history and i was wondering if you going to continue the journey up. >> yes. i don't know how necessarily. people say what is your next project and this book almost kills me. it is like saying mrs. roberts, you just had triplets. when is the next baby coming? i am not exactly, things rattling around, but the immediate one was here last year, the children's book of family matters, wonderfully, wonderfully illustrated book illustrated by diane good, a beautiful book, doing the sequel to that, ladies of liberty for children, that one i can handle. >> it is good to see you. many years i have admired you. my question is did clara barn has any connection with free slaves? >> i don't have -- she was an abolitionist, she was an abolitionist but i don't have letters from her along those lines and it didn't seem to be a major issue wit

journalism does... >> the new home for original documentaries al jazeera america presents only on al jazeera america >> on al jazeera america technology...it's a vital part of who we are... >>they had some dynamic fire behavior... >> and what we do... don't try this at home! >> tech know, where technology meets humanity... only on al jazeera america >>> there are protests in baltimore today where six police officers face adjudge in the freddie gray case. there are small demonstrations going on outside of the courthouse. the officers were there for a pretrial hearing where a judge denied a motion to dismiss the case. grey died while in police custody in april. police say they are prepared for any possible unrest today. adam may is in baltimore. >> reporter: a small number of protesters started arriving here at the courthouse early this morning, before the hearing even got underway. baltimore city police reporting at least one arrest so far, but for the most part these protests have been very peaceful. police are on standing by. large numbers of officers are stationed all around the city as this hearing gets underway. the jud

sitting here and listening to charles talk about this, it's like all of white america, all of america is against black americarazy. and that's the problem. >> no, the problem is you putting words like that into my mouth. that statement itself becomes a racist statement. for you to then take america -- >> charles, you just said it. >> wait a minute, i let you speak. you are going to let me speak, harry. when you say america to simply say awful black america is against white america. that is a racist statement faufts itself, harry. and you have to step back from your perch. >> that's a racist statement, you are the expert on racist statements. >> what i'm looking at are the targets. >> of course, because i disagree with you, i am a racist, right? that's your narrative. >> one at a time. let charles finish. and then harry -- >> i would like for you to do that. that would be the right thing for you to do, harry. when you look at that, when you look at who is the target, and who is treated negatively by the system, which becomes america, that becomes black and brown people. that is just a fact. you can't argue the

america. to the america. they loved the america they would never go home to. i took my father back there 15 years ago. my dad was a 19-year-old b-17 tail gunner. he threw 35 missions over nazi hill germany. we traveled across the english channel and he reminded me for the 71st time for him to visit that powerful, powerful place. and it struck me as i look upon those graves that they are there in silent judgment of us. and we must ask ourselves if we have earned their respect. was their sacrifice worth it? what is it you believe in? what is it that you believe that you would be willing to sacrifice everything for? that you would be willing to give your life for. i want you to join me over the course of the next month, i want you to join the men and women of the conservative movement across this country, to bring this country back, to join the effort, to make the sacrifice, be a part of a movement all across this country, alling a cross this nation, to renew america, renew the values that de coatville knew and saw. you better believe it, america can be great agai

america. why? >> guest: my ambivalence towards america is an ambivalence towards america the idea in america the political machine. i love the communities. the communities of new york city. the communities of the educational institution and more broadly the communities that expand the entire country and traveled to across the u.s. these are all aspects of my formation of my growth into adult identity. at the same time, i hate the discourse has been informed the american ideal. this triumphalism, the idea that america can do no wrong because of all the great things it deserves not to be challenged, not to be interrogated. accomplishments should be not in need of any critique. i don't believe we should have less content with what we think america is or what we think america has been. we should also have those who are disliked such as discrimination against the marginalization of vinegar and, that critique will enable america to become a better place for all of those who died in the continue coming to it. >> host: the future of immigration reform and the dialogue about illegal immigrants taking this job, her

america. north america, south america. now, he hadn't been to the united states, but he is an american. and what we north americans have to understand that we are americans and south america is part of it. it was incredible for someone appreciation. went before congress, he talked about incredible americans. when he talked to us about some of the things we have to better, i didn't feel i was being yelled at or collided. it was somebody who had a deep respect for values, our traditions. he just called us to live up to him. i think he will go back and say, you know, those north americans, not so bad people. i kind of like them. >> do you think he had the magnitude of the impression of new york, the size of it? the pace of it? >> the diversity of it as well. >> you know, i know when he came to east hall and he met with those immigrants and refugees helped by catholic charities, i know he got a sense of the i mean, there was people in that room from every single continent expect antarctica. they didn't come because they were afraid of indian summer. when he walked into the room, the diversit

america tonight" is next. i'll see you again in an hour. ♪ >> [ ♪ ] >>> on "america tonight" - don't mess with you mum. >> everywich, get over here. >> just as mothers keep things understand control in their home, i figured we can do in our community >>> sara hoy in chicago, with the women warriors, keeping trouble off their streets. >> alaska - baked. a fiery season and warning about what may

america, does that sum it up? >> exactly. no confidence in america. al great concern about where we're headed. >>> more on the special edition of "hannity," restoring america's greatest straight ahead. >> it's those hard liners chanting death to america who is most opposed to the deal. they're making common cause to the republican caucus. >>> president obama lashing out at critics of the iranian nuclear deal despite its dangerous ramifications. why does the commander in chief refuse to say the words radical islam? why kind of damage has the policy done. the rise of russian aggression, all that and much more on the special edition of "hannity." th esurance was born online. which means fewer costs, which saves money. th their customer experience is virtually paperless, which saves paper, which saves money. they have smart online tools, so you only pay for what's right for you, which saves money. they settle claims quickly, which saves time, which saves money. they drive an all-hybrid claims fleet, which saves gas, which saves money. they were born online, and built to save money, which means when they save, you save. because that's how it should work in the mo

america. the biggest political party in america is none of the above. most of america has turned away from politics. most have given up on democracy. and who could blame them? governmentks to her and sees not themselves reflected in the congress, but someone else. they see not a congress standing -- bending over backward to answer the calls of average voters. they see a congress standing -- bending over backwards to answer the calls of their funders. we know this. political scientists have shown us what our congress does has no relation to the views of the average voter. our congress, our democracy is responsive to the few, not to the many. how could it be otherwise when 400 families have given half the money in this election cycle so far? [applause] lawrence lessig: we cannot ignore this truth. we cannot pretend it is ok to just rally us. we must think bigger than that. we must aspire to more than just winning an election. we must win that we must win in a way against america a reason to believe that they can get their democracy back. we must win with a commitment tha

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america weeps." kennedy is a victim of a violent streak he sought to curb in the nation. he interprets kennedy's death as an event arising from the violent streak in america. "america wept for itself. the worst in the nation has prevailed over the best." the indictment extended beyond the assassin. some strain of madness and violence that destroyed the highest symbol of law and order. the irony is that it short dashes administration was dedicated to curb the violence in the american character." it goes on in that vein. pushing this theme, "the new york times" published an editorial called "the spiral of hate." this is after oswald has been shot. place it in the same context. martin luther king said it had to be seen against the backdrop of violence against civil rights workers in the south. earl warren, the chief justice of the supreme court, said that kennedy was a martyr because of hatred injected into the bloodstream of the nation by bigots. lyndon johnson said that he wanted to tamp out the hatred and prejudice and oppression prevalent in american life and the best memorial given to president kennedy would be to pass the civil rights bill. the day after the ass

america the beautiful. i sang that at the super bowl. >> stephen: you go and i'll jump in. oh, beautiful for spacious skies for amber waves of grain for purple mountain majesties above the fruited plain america america god shed his grace on thee brotherhood from sea to shining sea (cheers and applause) >> stephen: people are going to make love to that! john legend, everybody! jon batiste and "stay human"! huh, fifteen minutes could save you fifteen percent or more on car insurance. yeah, everybody knows that. well, did you know that playing cards with kenny rogers gets old pretty fast? you got to know when to hold'em. know when to fold 'em. know when to walk away. know when to run. you never count your money, when you're sitting at the ta... what? you get it? i get the gist, yeah. geico. fifteen minutes could save you fifteen percent

america. america. a nationwide you do all this research on the perfect car. america. as mileage, horsepower torque ratios. three spreadsheets later you finally bring home the one. then smash it into a tree. your insurance company's all too happy to raise your rates. maybe you should've done a little more research on them. for drivers with accident forgiveness, liberty mutual won't raise your rates due to your first accident. see car insurance in a whole new light. liberty mutual insurance. >>> murder is on the rise in more than 30 of this country's biggest cities, some of the most troubling numbers, homicides in our nation's capitol up more than 40% from a year ago. in st. louis, mur dr up 60%. milwaukee, a 76% increase in murders and that, unfortunately, fairly typical of what is happening in our country's largest cities. our next guest says we're seeing a so-called ferguson effect within law enforcement. in new york city where homicides are up more than 9%, he's advocating a return to the policy of stop, question and frisk. joining us former new york city police comm

it's essentially up to america. america is going to be voting for them.t they're looking for is businesses that is going to benefit from this opportunity of a lifetime. so when it started two years ago, it was seen by 2 million people. if he can capture 2%, that would be a great growth. >> going to put the link up. and we're rooting for the san francisco company. the top three will be notified on november 3rd and the announcement of who will get the commercial before the end of the year. we'll keep you posted. >> i keep hearing that song, who wears short shorts? >>> one of the top selling jerseys in the nfl. >> a preview of some of the guests coming up. don't forget to reach out to us on ktuv the nine. alaska. finally. the search for brown bears begins. denali highway. low on gas. pit stop. fill up. double points. yep, that's cold. tired. day 2. coffee. eggs. double points. beautiful. majestic... nothing. where are you, bear? warm. warmer. warmer. yes. wherever the journey takes you, carry american express gold. it's more than a card. it's the gear that g

america tonight", tell us what you think at aljazeera.com/americatonight. talk to us on twitter or facebook. come back, we'll have more of "america tonight" >> "america tonight" brought you the story that shocked the nation. >> i remember waking up and he was trying to have sex with me. >> now we go back inside the colleges in crisis. >> the vast majority of sexual assaults on campus are being perpetrated by serial offenders. >> revealing accusations, cover-ups and the shocking failures. >> before he raped me, he had already been sanctioned by the college. >> is enough being done to protect our children? >>> the e.u. is about to announce its plan to tackle the refugees crisis that is dividing europe. >>> australia says it will resettle thousands of refugees from the middle east and launch air strikes against isil in syria. ♪ ♪ >>> hello, i am martin dennis you are with al jazeera live from doha. also to come on the program. protecting the iran nuclear deal, the u.s. president gets the support needs to block republican opposition. plus. move over, digital technology,

>> beware of canada. , to people who know about faith in america will tell us about what they think of the papal visit to america. make america great again after this. ♪ >> our guests are the former u.s. ambassador to the vatican and the executive director of network. i was talking to a priest a couple of days ago and trying to get a sense of things. he said there is one thing you can take to the bank, pope francis will say something that affirms and challenges everybody watching his remarks. what was one thing that affirmed and challenged you? >> i think what got affirmed was the idea we have to move away from polarized politics and move together with respect to immigration and immigration reform. tohought about him speaking a nation of immigrants and about himself as an immigrant was a key point. the challenge is the challenge of bridging divides. i know in my heart that i want everyone to join me and come my way, but what he was saying is that to move forward we have to find common ground, work for that common good, bigger than my own personal view. that is a challenge for all of us. >> i don't agree with what sister said,

america that you are and always will be. juliet: so if a miss america of current times was found to have had naked pictures would she be okay? she wouldn't be kicked out? ben: that is an interesting question. juliet: i like vanessa williams. ben: that is an interesting question. we'll ask curtis sliwa. >> yes, the spread was gorgeous. the ebony princess from syracuse university and how could they deny her the queen of miss u.s.a. or america. ben: america. >> you were probably watching with diva girl. i was playing with me g.i.joe doll. how many years later? ben: 31. juliet: yes, 1981. you were sitting here. >> i didn't know they have the contest in atlantic city. there's nothing there left. at atlantic city that is the only contest going there. well maybe miss america will get a boost because people are staying away from the miss u.s.a. pageant because of trump. i was watching football, right. i take the kids to the park later on today. juliet: you are? >> of course, it is a holiday. rosh hashanah. juliet: let's talk about the tickets given away for free to see the pope and now being scalped. but ben made the point, it is capitalism. >> hey, in philadelphia you have to trek five miles and over the franklin bridge and huge area, mass is free. no tickets. ben: there are tickets up for the closer up view. and they are free. >> well, you can just show up. no, in new york, we have issue tickets for central park. i never heard

america, "america's great storm" came together in less than six. this was a small miracle for us and i want to thank the governor and his co-author jerry nash and the governor's marvelous assistant, here tonight and not many people who helped check facts, round up photos and do a lot of work to make this happen and the university press staff. there was a sense of in fact is the enthusiasm that we were doing something big together and that was meaningful for us. we are grateful to be part of your telling this story. you bring out the best in those around you so thank you and welcome and you are going to tell us a little more about your book. [applause] >> thank you very much, shouldn't have done that. to everybody, university press, for doing this. when i thought about writing this book, i have not casual friendship with john mecham. i write a book, would you be interested in publishing? i sure would. the called me back two weeks later, a month later and said i have been thinking about this, you should get university press of mississippi to do this, we publish so many books this year, this is special, and in six months, john was right, gave me the right advice, we appreciate you all. i had written a book before, when i was chairman of the republican national committee i edited a book on public policy that was written by 13 committees that we have appointed an different subject matters, as far as writing a book this is my first time to do that. likely my last time to do it that. i look at jenny back there, the two of the them most the typed what i wrote out in longhand. hundred of pages in longhand and we ended, jerry nash helped me write the book, great ally, but when you write a book before it ever gets published you have read it about 15 times. the first two three times i thought this was a great book. by the twelfth, is anybody going to want to buy it this? it may be my only book, but it was a book i had to write and you are going to see this weekend why i felt i had to write it and that is because the news media paid very little attention to mississippi after the storm. i always a the news media has done a lot to cover airplanes and land safely. they don't consider that news. they want a big story about something terrible happening. those stories to tappan in this. we bore the brunt of the worst natural disaster in american history. it was obliteration on the coast and it wasn't just a coastal calamity. 1/3 of the fatalities happened in land in the inland counties of the stay. we had hurricane force winds north of meridian. columbus declared major disaster areas because of the amount of destruction in those counties more than 200 miles inland. to see it, frankly you had to see it in person to get it. to capture the scale of the destruction, the type of destruction. you couldn't get that out of a television camera or photograph in a news clip. you had to see it. as time went on, i thought about this storm and the tenth anniversary would be the right time to try to write a book about the storm. the story that not everybody got to see and virtually nobody got to see enough because it simply wasn't covered very much. a story of strong, resilient, self-reliant people. who had the misfortune, whatever you want to call it, to bear the brunt of the worst natural disaster in american history and katrina was the worst natural disaster in american history, the greatest insurance costs, it was the third deadliest natural disaster in american history, and it barreled right into us. all of us who grew up around the gulf south knows when a hurricane comes about of the gulf from north to south the worst place to be is in the northeast quadrant, the upper right hand, like a boxer's right cross. of course katrina came on shore almost on the law we see and mississippi line which is the pearl river, where mississippi and louisiana make virtually and 90 degree, it came and pushed all this water it had been pushing in front of it for days, pushed it all into that corner with 150, 160 mile an hour winds so that camille's winds were 200 miles an hour, fallen probably 200 hurricanes and we fought camille kaimac as bad as the hurricane could be, one of only three category 5 hurricanes are to come on shore in the united states, we plan for katrina, the gold standard, could get worse than camille. katrina was much worse than camille. the winds were not as high, but that wasn't the problem. it was the storm surge. the storm surge was the greatest storm surge ever recorded in the history of meteorology according to the national weather service. the first town near wheezy and align, near the i of the hurricane, the storm surge was more than 30 feet deep, 38 feet deep when you count the waves on top. there was not one structure left in waveland, mississippi that was habitable after the storm went through. everything was gone. the problem was it was also a gigantic. the eye of the storm was 32 miles across when it first came ashore which meant 70 something miles away, the storm surge was still more than 20 feet deep, morton 20 feet above sea level. airtran what's house in the 1850s, elevation 19, nothing left but the foundation. in fact, most people don't remember downtown mobile flooded from the storm surge generated by a storm that came on short at the pearl river. this gargantuan storm wreaked havoc. you had to see it. i will never forget the first time i saw it. we couldn't get out on monday. the storm came in monday morning, the roads were covered in debris. this was the greatest amount of debris effort left in the wake of a hurricane. twice as much as hurricane andrew in florida in 1992. we had 47 million cubic yards of debris on the ground that got picked up by somebody the federal government paid. that doesn't include the debris that was on the ground in private yards and inland counties. that is just what the federal government registered had to pay for, 47 million cubic large, to 11 months. one of the things you learn as you can start building until you get the debris cleaned up. this storm was genuinely unique and awful. katrina, one storm, two disasters. one disaster was what happened in mississippi. this hurricane with this gigantic storm surge, 157 mile an hour winds, the destruction we get was learned about from terrible hurricanes. new orleans if you saw a picture in time magazine which i did, a couple weeks after the storm, they had pictures of new orleans and the water would be up to the tops of windows and holmes. it was awful, a terrible terrible disaster but very different from ours because you would look, there was not one shingle off a roof in the pictures. it was all done by rising water, flood that resulted from when the levy's first were talked and then when they gave way. very different from what we went through. we had borne the brunt of the hurricane and when i saw it the morning after the storm on monday from a helicopter it looked as if a nuclear weapon had gone off in the sound off the coast. as if the hand of god had wiped away the coast, some places for blocks, some places for miles. the storm surge crossed i ten numerous times. is not a title with, not a tsunami. in a storm surge the water rises for hours and goes back down for hours. it pushes in, then it pulls back out and in each direction, very damaging but in this case more damaging than usual because i wouldn't have thought of it, the bays rise with the gulf. if the gulf rises 19 feet biloxi bay rises 19 feet with the bay of st. louis rises 19 feet or in this case more like 30 feet. that means if you are in base st. louis, the storm surge is tearing things apart on the gulf side but it is also tearing things apart on the north side. on the inland side. gene taylor, the congressman from base st. louis whose home was under the obliterated, it was from storm surge coming out of the bay. he lived way in camille, she would not have had anything happen because he lived on the north side of base st. louis. .. trying to do what they could do to help others. another reason for writing the book if we are getting the worst damage we have ever had someone has to be in charge. so we are going to be on your team as long as you're making progress. for an elected official to give up power is an unnatural act. yet, uniformly they did. it's one of the reasons they never lost the civil war on the gulf coast. one of the reason there was so little looting, one of the reasons we are able to put together a plan and a short. of time. those people deserve credit. you don't read that anywhere. you didn't see that at the time. i can tell you, it made a gigantic difference. nothing, except for the strength and character of our people, nothing was more important for me to get written then the volunteers who came to mississippi. it is altogether fitting and proper that the worst natural disaster in history would elicit the greatest outpour of volunteerism and philanthropy in history. that is what katrina did. 954,000 volunteers came to mississippi in the first five years. that's not a number pulled out of the hat. when they came they would register with the church or charity that would help direct them. 954,000. perhaps remarkable is 400,000 came after the first year. we had about 600,000 come the first year. another 400,000 came another 400,000 came the next four years people. people kept coming. they were so indispensable. i'm going to tell you, for the first year virtually every volunteer out of those 600,000 didn't thousand didn't do anything except clean up. they did not have a great job when they came to mississippi. their scrape and mock, they were trying to clean off mold, they were ripping out sheet rock, turnup floors, just doing the most menial, difficult things. you know what, their attitude was so great. the most, thank said to me by volunteers, and i saw thousands over the years, almost verbatim, the volunteer would, but, introduce themselves and say, you know governor, your people are so great and they are so grateful, but i feel like i have gotten more out of this for myself than the good i have done for the people i came to help. to me, that was such a powerful sentiment, it was rewarding to them, it was fulfilling to them. mostly these were people from faith-based group. they were church people. this was their religious service, service to their god. interestingly they were all over the lot. there is a company in salt lake city called the morel corporation it's a big construction company, they built most of the housing for the olympics. they called me after the storm and said we would like to put our expertise to use and build some temporary shelter for people who are coming to work. so we got them aside at the park when they built this tent, big as a a football field. it slept 700 people. they had toilets and showers, the whole 9 yards. so they asked me to come for the grand opening. we said of course. i got got out of the car and there's this gigantic tent and on this and there is an area that didn't have walls it had a roof now is where the lunch was going to be. as we walked walked toward their after seeing the people i saw behind a big motorhome, a big rv on the side with letters about that tall, it said ed bennis and action. i just kind of laughed. here's this mormon where the morales would not take any money. they and the lds church, the mormon church pay for it all. but there is the seventh day adventist doing the cooking. it kind of tickled me so i got up and spoke and i asked, how are you all how many are mormons question may be 20%, how many seven-day advents, about six, what about six, what are the rest of you all? if i had any sense i would've know they're the same to nominations that were prominent mississippi because they came down here from a church somewhere else and were being directed by your church by their own.denomination. there is episcopalian's, presbyterians, interns, catholics, baptists, the whole 9 yards. it stayed with me. these people are all here because of their religious convictions. no matter their difference in their theology, their desire to serve their god, overcame everything. they work together like you can't imagine. so a little old man cames up to me maybe in his 70s, small and he said, governor my name is heralded up from new york. i said yes thank you for being here. he said last last night a call my son, the rabbi and i said son it's about to be the highest holy day which typically occurs in the jewish religion, the most sake it on trade sacred day and he says i come home for the holy day? he said my son said no dad, you shouldn't come home. you you are probably closer to god where you are now than if you came back here. that just took my breath away. here's this jewish man, again he was there for his religious service, at times we had muslim and jews working together on playgrounds. it is one of the great things about america and things that are not told enough about this story. is these people came to serve because of their religious views in our country can do that. our country country didn't get a pat on the back for doing that we need people to know who came because of their religious ideas. people like americorps, these young kids just out of college who work with the government, they they would stay for months. usually volunteers stay for weeks. they would train for a few days and work for we can go home. people who did all the training were the americorps kids because they are there for the long-term. they stayed for months. they knew how to treat people how to do. don't get me wrong, the red cross, habitat for humanity, a lot of these places were fabulous. but the of these places were fabulous. but the vast majority of these people came out of religious organizations. i wanted that to be part of the story. that 46 of our sisters states some volunteers. more than 25,000 employees thousand employees

america tonight." tell us what you think at aljazeera.com/americatonight. talk to us on twitter or facebook and please come back. we'll have more of "america tonight," tomorrow. >> in the wake of the baltimore riots. everyday citizens are fighting to take their neighborhoods back. >> it's a movement to make a difference. >> educating. >> i feel safer in here. >> the library means something to the people here. >> healing. >> we really have to talk about how can we save lives. >> restoring. >> we given' a family a chance because some of the houses are bein' rebuilt. >> can they rescue their city? [cheering] >> china's show of might as it pledges to cut 300,000 troops from its military. welcome to al jazeera live from doha. in the next half hour, we'll be covering these stories, death and despair off the turkish coast. a boat carrying refugees sinks. a judge orders the arrest of guatemala's president. and president obama gave cong

america's place in the world and i'm in the case for american exceptionalism. let me warn you in sophisticated circles is considered unenlightening to say we live in the greatest country in a the world that america's most powerful country in the world is the best thing for everyone. those statements if you want to go to university shouldn't say things like that. you'll be kicked off the guest list in the next cocktail party and they may even bring up on charges of be careful. america is the greatest country in the world. i talk about american exceptionalism. there's no place on earth with her combination of freedom opportunity commitment to doing the right thing and make no mistake about it. the world is as safe as one america is the strongest. that seems undebatable to me. i had an opportunity to meet with prime minister netanyahu and it seems to me foreign leaders understand. they understand the importance. the foreign leaders of free-market countries out there understand the important role that america has to play and must play for the entire world to be a safer place. america uses her power for preservation of peace and the pursuit of liberty and freedom. in the course of human history that's very unique. we are not about building empires. we are not about leaving our troops abroad permanently except to protect our allies. we should be proud of it and we shouldn't have to apologize. all the stuff about seating -- taking our seats in the nation. i'm not saying

america the real america in over 70 years. and they have poked this bear ne too many times. americarest of the world should know god will not be delayed. make no mistake, treaty or none, the nation of israel will stand. no jew in europe would have thought in 1944 that god would se that unending night to hold true to his promise and restore the nation of israel but he did. and i testify to you he will do the same again today in his of and in his way this era days ion and error, these of darkness will end because our god is a god of covenens. we as his people must understand he will keep all of of his promises. he has told us that he will bless those decrensy, fight for. he will curse those who curse israel. i make you this promise and warning today. those words will be fulfilled. our action as a nation and as individuals today, the reason why i am here, is because i want to be seen by the almighty god because our faith is being sealed. let this be the day that we all declare we shall serve no other king but god. cheers and applause] he is a mighty and a just god. and a god of miracle

and can say, to america, wait a minute, we are here because you were there, and i -- illustration is flow of central america following final chapters in the cold war in central americaobviously welcomed in people when there was needs for hands and strong backseat-backs and willing workers to build the country. when i went to a shuttered steel plant in south chicago one day, when i was a young reporter working in chicago, i went into the cold cafeteria and in the stack in six different languages was a request not to throw out your silverware, to please put it in the sink instead of throwing in the garbage. they had workers that spoke six different languages. if you look at the history, pittsburgh, canada, ohio, chicago, and northwest indiana, yes, we brought in people from all over the world to work in those plants including in the early part of the 20th century from mÉxico, and mexicans fleeing the mexican civil war, revolution heading north and czechs. >> next call is richard in sacramento. richard, go ahead with question or comment. >> thanks for c-span. this is a great program. i kind of what to ask you who is the basis -- i'm calling from sack -- sa -- >> you kn

america. america is about to become a version of the eu. >> who is greece? >> georgia. >> you have a group of collaborate collabora collaboraters that see this and is urging a reunderstanding of the american revolution? >> right. according to the rational for the rebellion, no nation state is possible. any powerful central government is far away from you and therefore doesn't represent your interest. if you are looking for the real seeds of the tea party -- it is the notion that, now in the revolutionary era they are saying we are not represented in parliament and they are not. but the anti-federalist will argue any central government, even one where we elect people, doesn't represent meechme. patrick henry will say if a tox is proposed and of the virginia delegates vote against it and it passes we are taxed against our consent. the average american is born, lives out his or her life and dies within a 28 mile radius. they don't think, and i know you don't believe this but they didn't have i-phones and don't communicate with each other and don't think nag nationsally. they think locally. it is going to have to be larger and they think if one representative in the house represents 30,000 people which they did in 1788 that is not really representation. some guy like ted cruz thinks i get this. you know? and it is also quasi paranoid. namely that any cluster of political power at a far away place is almost inherently tratical. >> you just through the yoke of the british sov . it is well reasoned paranoia. >> that is right. >> you mention the words republic. the words republic and democracy have different meanings that this juncture. >> we don't become a democracy. we become a republic. >> we are so disillusioned already. >> it means demographic behavior. the constitution is a p pre-document founded on a poplar bases and poplar opinion but then poplar opinion has to be filtered through several lairs of deliberation because that is the deference between a democracy and a republic. friend of the public, right? and like, the public is never different from the people. the public interest in 2001 was let's not get in involved in a land war in the middle east. we are going to do it because it is necessary to satisfy poplar opinion. the founding generation is a pre-democratic generation and a natural situation. hamilton is a bastard and comes back from franklin. but the american republic is a republic. it is not a democracy. and we have to get over the assumption that democracy is always right because it usually isn't. >> which is something your force on here clearly realize some of them because they have been reading through crazy list but i want to go to your title because we are talking about the fabulous four. you mention the late polly matter would have kwifharped on title. let me do this now. this is like a conspiracy what these four men are doing >> for a while i had coo in there. >> really? >> but if you keep looking it up, it implies violence. >> plus it is a foreign word so you don't want to do that. >> originally in french it is a blow. it is a bit of a conspiracy. i have spent 35 years of my life writing books unt the founders saying they are flawed creatures. they are not super men. tongues of fire didn't appear over their head any time during the constitutional convention. they are all people who have discernible weaknesses and if they were perfect what in heavens name would we study them for because we would have nothing to learn from. you can meet at gratifying ventions and this group of people did the follow things. they instigated the party. they recruited washington without washington it will not work. washington says almost nothing throughout the convention but if he is not sitting there this isn't a legit thing. they set the agenda in the virginia plan the first day of the convention which is a radical genagenda. it is illegal because the mandate from the con federation congress is to revise the articles. >> not to replace them in >> they want to replace them. and washington has said to madison there is only one reason to try this. we go for broke. better to fail at the right cause than to just do something that is not going to make any real difference. so talk about me being radical, he is radical. they lose fights in the convention and it is almost structurally. wh it is built into the in the groups there. there is three groups. those that don't want to change anything. they boy caugcott the conventio. the people that want radical reform. and people that want change. the second group controls the small stakes and they can block anything. so the big compromise is with they come up with representation by stake in the senate and population in the house. anyway, i don't want to get -- one of the things i disagree wi with polly mayor, god rest her soul, is she wrote a wonderful book about the process. if you want to know what happened in every argument in western new hampshire and why some guy thinks we will succeed and go with vermont, she has everything in there. i say the most important thing to notice about ratification after you have been through all of this is there is no pattern. every state is different. they do not know how to have a fashi national conversation. they can't think nationally. they think locally. those are the only arguments that make any difference. washington is thinking nationally, madison is, and jay is a new yorker whose stock is going to go up. not just because of me but his pa papers are coming out. >> let's go back to what motivates these men. is the reason these particular groups of people are thinking nationally have something to do with how young they are? >> partly. the average ange is 42. the biggest interest is officers from the continental army. there was a group of others that served in the confederation congress. they have seen the problem and the revolution and the post war from a larger level than the state or local level. and that is big thing that distinguishes them. if you do a shaclass analysis i marxist way one thing that shows up is the people that oppose the constitution are wealthier than the people that support it. >> that is an interesting point. you identify three things that are motivating. these men on a dprgreater plane. when they can see above the local interest and one is debt. in 1781, congress asked for $3 million from the state and get $ $31,000 in revenue. >> that is democracy. >> what roll does that crippling debt play in what is about to happen? >> big role. we have no credit. the american republican is a great thing. it a banana republic. the european bankers regard us as not worth investing because we cannot pay our dbt ebt. we have a $40 million kept /* dedebt. no way to pay it all. because the states want to retire their debt but they stay is warorse than that. you ever hurt of robert marsh? he is a villain in a lot of the books about -- he is a robber barren. it is really silly. but this guy marth was probably the wealthiest guy in america. he becomes superintendent of finance. and like a perfect storm happens and the freefnch comes up from e caribbean and they say we have them. if we can get the continental army and trap them they are ours. we don't have the money to take the troops down. some of the generals are wearing loinclot loincloths, they haven't been made in two years. what does it take to get them down? $687,000. he writes a personal check and that is how we won the battle with yorktown. same thing for the continental army when it was about to be disbanded. there is no money to pay them and he said i will write a check and everybody get $50 and he writes a $500,000 check. >> how did that follow true to what happened at the convention? >> it is fairly clear if we are going to be to a viable republic we have to have a federal government capable of managing the economy and taxing the states in ways that are not voluntary but obligatory. >> who was the mastermind behind that insight? >> hamilton. the bank,

america that is the show for today. thank you for joining us. the news conditions now on al jazeera america. >> pontiff in new york - pope francis begins his visit to america's largest city. >> once you enter the famous doors on fifth avenue, you became an official new yorker. >> with evening prayers at st. patrick's before preparing to address the u.n. and celebrate mass at maddison square guard erps. challenging a nation. >> we can m

america's golden state. "america tonight" achts michael okw"america tonight's" michael . >> the story of good and evil in the name of god and gold. while the american revolution was underway in 1776, spanish priest junipero serra was busy completing his seventh mission along the california coast five years after he had been sent to convert the new world. >> to californians he's kind of the founder of our state and he found the first nine missions of 21 missions. >> historian and author greg ofalia spent years publishing his recent book about fare serra. >> he was a great legislator, people say he wrote the first laws that government california in 17 74. >> he arrived in what was called alta california. conquest serra eventually began to oppose. says oxfalia. >> serra was not for taking the land. he grew apart from the spanish authorities. maybe they were together but as the years went by he began to realize they're not doing the right thing, they're molesting the indian women and he began to question the rapaciousness of the spanish soldiers and the conquest itself. >> by the time the string of missions was