hanoi refused to come. then we asked, if i could just mention two other points, senator, then when -- mr. sparkman: i want to ask something in connection to that. too, undernvited, the russian meeting? sec. rusk: i don't think they were, sir, i don't think that they were. then there was an attack launched in north vietnam and then on for more he 27 of last onr -- then once more february twice seven of last year -- february 27 last year. transmitted the text of another address and throughout the summer of 1969, we tried to engage in the interest of u.n. members collectively and individually to try to find ways to restore peace and restore the situation from the battlefield to the conference table. year, wey of this again put the matter to the security council, and gave them a summary of the peace offensive. in an effortre now to find out whether the security council can be of some assistance in moving this away from violence to negotiation and discussion. beenparkman: it has also , is it a 14at nation confer

is concerned, hanoi is the problem. doing what iter andoing by way of launching armed attack, we haven't solved our problem. if they do stop, the other problems would fall into place quickly. beyond a mere stopping temporarily. uponuld have to be based the realization by hanoi these ventures are unprofitable and disastrous if they continue. i would hope, the assurances which would come out of any such agreement would be stronger than those we had in laos. we had categorical agreements not worth anything. >> before my time expires, could a short outline of the possible nature of the expansion of communism in south should the united states abandon south vietnam by getting out? i don't think we are going to come of that is a hypothetical. but if we should, leave south devices andts own its own fate without our presence and assistance, could whative us any outline for we might reasonably expect from other wars of liberation? coming is power into other countries. this problem has sometimes been referred to as the domino theo

taylor: that of course is good news to hanoi, senator. the words you give those of us who have those opinions, but i do not intend to get down in the gutter with you and engage in that debate. i am saying the president of the united states is already moving the people of this country by the millions in connection with this war in southeast asia. all i am asking is, if the people decide this war should be stopped and southeast asia, are you going to take the position that is a weakness on our democracy? our taylor: i would feel people did not understand the consequences of such a disaster. that they have been misguided for a long time in this war. [applause] >> it is a violation to demonstrate. please remain silent. >> the final declaration in the 1954, conference in before i do that i want to point out general eisenhower, on august 17, has reported, and i think accurately in the press, and i will read what it says. although there is a feeling strongly at a news conference, mr. eisenhower denied he had ever given the unit -- the unilateral

wille trying to change the of the leadership in hanoi. like to quote a sentence from the greek historian who wrote christ.rs before he says i think very wisely in its application today it is not purpose of war to annihilate those who provoke it. their cause them to mend ways. i would make this point very strongly, senator. trying to make them mend their ways. >> what about the people of vietnam? we are causing much more damage north than they are in vietnam. e'll come back to the question of whether these are two different countries. > i'd like to comment on your algerian comment. i suggest perhaps the feeling in vietnam nd the south today are comparable and they're not. resistance to a colonial rule at the present time. resistance of colonial rule unless one wants to view the communist aggression as a form of colonial aggression. put it ldn't wish to this way, unless you want to say e are the colonial having to step in the shoeses of the french. should people put it that way i don't. isn't this origin an effort by v them to throw the dom

we are trying to change the will of the leadership in hanoi. i would like to quote a sentence written by a greek philosopher. said, it is not the purpose of war two annihilate those who provoke it but to mend their ways. i would make this point very strongly. we are trying to make them mend their ways not accept -- sen. fulbright: what about south vietnam? to them, we are north vietnam. we will come back to this question on whether these two different countries -- gen. taylor: i would like to comment on the algerian comment. perhaps a feeling that the situation in algeria and the south vietnam, they are comparable. they are not. in algeria, there was resistance to a colonial rule at the present time, there is not resistance to colonial rule unless you want to view the communist aggression as a form of colonial aggression, i think that would be fair. sen. fulbright: i would not wish to put it this way, but if you want to say we are the colonial having stepped into the shoes of the french, some put it that way. i don't. is this an effort by the v

during 1964 and 1965, the hanoi leadership attempted to exploit the political turbulence. greatly encouraged by the disorder which marked the political scene in saigon, the communist leadership made a massive effort to preston victory. to meet the growing needs in military manpower they began infii infiltration of the north vietnamese army. utilizing this new strength they intended to make the offensive of 1965 a major drive for significant military victories. concurrently they increased the sabotage directed at the land communication system in south vietnam for the purpose of hampering the distribution of commodities and thus adding to the economic stresses in the south. terrorism was stepped up and directed with added frequency with united states personnel and ininstallation. they hope to seize and hold politically important localities. to demoralize the vietnamese people and government and to demonstrate to the united states that we were backing a cause which must inevitably fail. faced with this growing threat the vietnamese government and our american officials were o

they must stay and face the uncertainty of whatever is going to happen to them next. >> in hanoi, theolvement in the vietnam war finally came to an end. for if anything or anyone symbolized the american agony of vietnam, it was the prisoners. >> most were pilots, and many had spent more than six years in prison. now they were on their way home. >> it wasn't really until we rolled down the runway, finally lifted off enemy soil, that we all broke loose and and started hugging and kissing the air force nurses. it was just unbelievable. and it was all euphoria. >> families gathered in the den to watch the arrival of the planes in the philippines. there was no word which of the three planes the lieutenant colonel would be on. the first one landed, but it wasn't that one. then came the second plane. someone in the family said that he won't be on this one either. but he was. >> oh! >> it was him! oh, my god! oh! >> we were greeted by thousands of people. they let out the schools, and everybody was waving flags and calling our names. it was a great, great homecoming. >> we are honored to have

you responded about what we might do if we escalated the war with handling -- hanoi. we might mind the harbor or -- blockade it. the position of noncombatant countries with respect to blockading the harbor? could you name for us the neutral or noncombatant nations that would lower those flags of that blockade, including the union jack? general gavin: there would be serious trouble of that arrived. >> do you know of any time in the history of the british empire that the union jack is ever been lowered to a blockade that the british empire was not a party to? general gavin: i know of none. we worried about dealing with some of the problems of china. this is a very difficult thing to do. it would probably be impossible to enforce. >> do you think the russian flag would be lowered to that blockade? general gavin: i don't know. i doubt it. would you sync the first russian ship when it wasn't lowered to that blockade? i suppose it: would be time to bomb. >> we will be back, general. [indistinct chatter] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is re

referencetter i made to hanoi and the futility of bombing and pointed out this would cause create more problems than it would cause. >> when was this general question mark still in 1962? i want to place it in time. quick this was late last year. strength --ut of my thinking about the strategy. at the moment i'm in passing touching upon the letter. the ammunition dumps tank columns or concentrations of trucks and military targets, two, power plants and such as that, it was slowly creeping. i wanted to lay this at rest once and for all in all time. per se forg a city psychological -- for psychological reasons achieves little in the way of military effect. today it could be extremely damaging in the court of world opinion i want to be sure i had that. just bombing would not solve anything. theready talked a bit about matter of global strategy into which i would like to fit vietnam. two of the most significant things that happened in our time have been the bomb and the space x duration what both of which have tremendous military significance. it's a very interesting case in point because t

. >> that is good news to hanoi, senator. >> i know what you get to those of us that have honest differences of opinions. i don't intend to get out of the gutter with even engage in that kind of debate. the president of united states is already losing the people of this country by the millions in connection with this for in southeast asia. all i'm asking is if the people decide this war should be stopped in southeast asia, you will take the position its weakness on the home front of the democracy. >> i feel are people were badly misguided and do not understand the consequences of such as disaster. >> we agree in one thing. they can be badly misguided and you and the president have been this guiding them for a long time in this war. [applause] is a violation of our rules to demonstrate in these hearings. you are guests of the committee and will please remain silent. >> vietnam hearings, 50 years later. watch more of the senate foreign relations committee hearings chaired by senator j william fulbright saturday at 10:00 p.m. eastern and sunday at work -- 4:00 p.m. eastern on c-span3. >> up nex

we considered the advisability of entering the hanoi delta, and as i recall to be precise, we talked about the need for some divisions and many engineered it. we anticipated the environmental office would be great, i mean medical and so on. there was some talk about the significance of hanoi island if we were going to go into the delta and so on. we gave it quite thorough consideration. >> and in general ridgeway's book "the soldier" on page 276 he said this. i would read it to see if you would comment on it. this is general ridgeway's statement, i felt that it was essential, therefore, that all who had any influence in making the decision on this grave matter should be fully aware of all the factors involved. to belie these facts i sent out to indochina an army team of experts in every field, engineers, signal, communication specialists, medical offices and experienced combat leaders who knew how to evaluator rain in terms of battle tactics. the area they found was practically devoid of those facilities which modern forces such as ours find essential to the wagging of wars. its tele

hanoi is the political, cultural, bureaucratic center of the country, located thousands of miles awaybuilding on its history of an economic center, saigon-- and ho chi minh city-- has reemerged as a flourishing place to conduct capitalist globalization business. a number of very large multinational corporations, for example, have located in and around ho chi minh city and employ hundreds of thousands of vietnamese to work in their factories. vietnam has tried to encourage partnerships with vietnamese state-owned enterprises and private multinationals to set up jointly owned factories. shoes, clothing, paints, chemicals, radios-- i mean, you name it, they're doing it. narrator: ho chi minh city is the rice industry's center as well. rice from the provinces arrives at places like the binh tay mill. in 1994, it became the first mill in vietnam to supply rice to the united states, where this shipment is headed. other shipments go to the middle east and elsewhere in asia. daniere: it's a wonderfully located city in terms of export potential. it's ideally located to ship things in and out.

to attempt to crush north vietnamese strength to appoint where hanoi could no longer give support for viet cong activity in the south, would almost certainly it seems to me have the effect of ringing in chinese forces at some point whether formally or in the guise of volunteers, thus involving us in a military conflict with communist china on one of the most unfavorable theaters of hostility we could possibly choose. >> he warms up as he testifies america has suffered serious damage in world opinion through its actions in vietnam. he lamented this nation's role of inflicting what he terms grave injury and damage to peoples of another race and religion. lostaims this country has the respect and admiration of many nations and stated his position impact we. clear now that her how justified our action may be in our own eyes, it has failed to win either enthusiasm or competence even among people normally friendly to us. our motives are widely misinterpreted and the spectacle emphasized and reproduced in thousands of trust photographs and stories that appear in the press of the world, the s

and to attempt to crush north vietnamese strength to a point where hanoi could no longer give any support for viet cong political activity in the south would almost certainly it seems me it would have the effect of bringing in chinese forces at some point whether formally or in the guise of volunteers. thus involving us in a military conflict with communist china on one of the most unfavorable theaters of hostility we could publicly choose. >> mr. kennan warmed up to his suspect -- subject as he testified america has suffered serious damage to its world opinion through its damage in vietnam. this role in inflicting grave injury and damage the peoples of another race and religion. mr. kennan stated his position emphatically. mr. kennan: it is clear however justified our opinion may be in our own eyes it is failed to win enthusiasm or confidence from people normally friendly to us. our motives are widely misinterpreted and the spectacle emphasized and reproduced in thousands of press photographs, the spectacle of americans inflicting grievous injury on the lives of poor and helpless people

the walk is going to be held in hanoi park at 8:30 pm. you don't have to pay. you can come out. you don't need to register in advance. we encourage folks to fund raise leading up to it. go to our website. guide dogs walkathon.org. you have nine to choose from. one in tampa april 22. whichever one is the most find raise. a nice incentive, a few raise $5000 you can name one of the puppies which is how london got her name. >> she is very focused on your. thank you guys for being here. you can find more of that information on our website.>> still ahead, disneyland celebrating 60 years with abc. tonight a sneak peek at the special. >>> here is what is coming up >>> richard branson with galactic spaceship 2, a pioneer of commercial space travel. the spaceship crashed in 2014 killing one pilot and severely injuring another. hundreds welcome the new craft friday. stephen hawkins spoke about its namesake. cooperate between nations in space and the way we can only be on earth. >>'s craft is designed to take six ordinary people into space. fly. 700 people have dropped $250,000 for a seat.

they'll be good news to hanoi senator. artistthat is the smear give.ou miller tourists i don't intend to get down the gutter with you and engage in that kind of debate. in my judgment the president of united states is already losing the people of the united states in connection with this war. in southeast asia. if this warng is should be stopped are you going to take the position that we will censor the home front in a democracy? >> i would say that the people were badly misguided and did not understand the consequences of such a disaster. >> you are the one who's been discarding them for quite a long time in this war. >> is a violation of our rules for you to demonstrate in this hearing. please remain silent. vietnam hearings, 50 years later. a discussion of the fall of richmond in 1865 and the decisions that led to the surrender at appomattox. the emerging civil war block posted this event.

hanoi our bloomberg bureau chief is here. we have this leadership change. it mean for direction? >> as you mentioned, bit of musical chairs. the most important job everyone was looking for is who was going to be the general secretary of the party, a very important role. it came down to two guys. the current secretary and the prime and is there. he challenge the current general secretary. he was reelected to the role. two very different men. one is known as a conservative while the ohther is a reformist. the question is who was better for investors? note was put out this morning saying they do not expect any changes for the macro economic picture. a lot of economists feel that way as well. it really was under his administration that the party signed on to the tpp. vietnam will be the biggest beneficiary and the party wants to ratify that later this year. even though you have these terms, you cannot paint them. rishaad: what was the noise like coming out of this? >> a lot of interesting stuff because there was all that back-and-forth. i think in the end, for

kelly: he was transported to the well-known hanoi hilton. colonel harris taught his fellow prisoners a vital way of communicating with each other through a method called the tap code this. gave the men the ability to communicate without speaking, establishing a chain of command, and boosting morale. while he experienced cruelty, tore tureks and isolation, he was able to find solace in his faith in god, love of his country, and hope to see his family again. thank you, colonel harris, for your service and i would like to join you in celebrating this happy anniversary of your homecoming. i yield back, mr. speaker. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman yields back the balance of his time. for what purpose does the gentleman from california seek recognition? >> to address the house for one minute. revise and extend my remarks. the speaker pro tempore: without objection, the gentleman is recognized for one minute. mr. schiff: mr. speaker, i rise today to discuss the environmental tragedy affecting residents in porta ranch. a few miles from my dis

he and others were taken out of he hanoi prison and put in solitary confinement. these 11 heroes, including james stockdale, george coker, jeremiah denton, a senator from the great state of alabama, rry jenkins, george mcnight, ames, howard, ron, snel, and mr. speaker, our colleague, sam johnson, who was elected to this body in 1991 and has served with distinction ever since. many of the stories that we look back on were coming from these heroes and the efforts that they did to resist their captors. they were tortured day in and day out for information and yet day in and day out they battled back. it is for me very important that we never forget. so february 11, 1965, today 51 years after, i'm honored to be able to rise in this body to remember robert harper schumaker for his valiant efforts, his heroism. he's near and dear to my heart, mr. speaker. he's my uncle. when my wife and i had our first child, we decided we would name her after him in hopes that she would have a little bit of the courage, a little bit of the intelligence as admiral schumaker does. but wh

a negotiator idea with hanoi, secretly assuring them to the soviet union and the people's republic of china that if they waited a year or two after they brought the last american troops home, they could take over south vietnam without fear that he would intervene. so that's another shocking fact i think that people can learn from the nixon tapes into the document that a been declassified in recent years. >> this information is from the tapes that have been recently declassified? >> yes. it's from the bulk of the richard nixon white house tapes. host of the tapes people have heard came out decades ago during the watergate trials and deal with nixon's domestic abuses of power. in more recent decades, the national archives has declassified the bulk of the nixon tapes been more than 2500 hours of them. they deal with everything including foreign policy. we are accustomed to think of richard nixon as a kind of great statesmen who is also, when it came to domestic politics, a bit of a rogue. but the tapes show really there's this one nixon that foreign policy and domestic policy are both ge

. >> yeah, i just find it remarkable that medal-of-honor recipients like jaohn mccain wh were in hanoi hilton as prisoners of war aren't viewed as american heroes because that's what they are. it's a long list of things that donald trump says that dispagers large groups of people -- disparages large groups of people, individuals like john mccain. i find it remarkable as a candidate for president, you would think that's evidence that he's a strong person. he's not. >> when you started the campaign -- even before, you said you really onlied like to do it if it's a joyful campaign. now a day before the new hampshire primary, and you're calling an opponent a loser, whiner, and a liar. >> he is a whiner, and i'm defending the honor of people that i really respect. and i think that's more than appropriate. i do this with joy in my heart because i believe this country is the most extraordinary country on the face of the earth. i'm a joyful warrior. there's a difference between sitting back and watching someone try to hijack a party that i believe will allow people to rise up again. >> i get t

call the people like john a medal ofy friend, honor recipient, who spent six years in a pow cap and hanoiat they were losers because they got caught. i think we need a president that believes in the american people that will not push everybody down to make themselves look good. as governor of the state of florida, like to be a leader. there will be a conflict or an attack. there might be an outbreak of a disease. something is going to happen, right? the world we live in is not just static anymore. there will be a challenge. and we'll never have talked about it before. 9/11 is an example of that. the assassination of j.f.k. certainly is an example of that. the end of the cold war and how to manage that process was an example of that. all presidents have this opportunity. the question is who do you want to have sit behind the big desk? what kind of person do you want to have in this unforeseen dynamic world where you don't know exactly how it

>> yes, i just find it remarkable that medal of honor recipients like john mccain who were in the hanoip says disparages people, large groups of people, individuals like john mccain. i find it remarkable that as a candidate for president he would think that's evidence he's a strong person, he's not. >> when you started this campaign, you said -- or even before you said you really only like to do it if it can be a joyful campaign. now the day before the new hampshire primary and you're calling an opponent a loser, a whiner. >> i'm defending the honor of people i really respect. and i think that's more than appropriate. i do this with joy in my heart because i do believe this country is the most extraordinary country on the face of the earth, but, you know, i'm a joyful warrior. there's a difference between sitting back and watching someone try to hijack a party i believe will rise up again. if someone is trying to hijack your party, believes until recently higher taxes are better than reforming the tax code, believes the singer payer system works well in other countries, believes in, you

they're not held in the hanoi hilton with john mccain for five years, but held for 16 hours.ve observed, they got their equal opportunity training, their sexual harassment training, but didn't get the code of conduct training and that is you never surrender of your own free will. and if captured, you give your name, rank, service number and date of birth. that's it. you don't break down, you don't do advertisements for the iranian regime, et cetera, et cetera. so there are questions we have to answer. one -- and the navy is being quiet about this. the lieutenant in charge surrendered on his own or was he ordered to surrender without a fight by a higher authority in the navy? if so that's even worse. but brwe have come to the pointe have to decide what's the the purpose of our military? is it to -- is it social engineering to redress old grievances, real or imagined or to fight our nation wars -- >> colonel, it's not clear that they breached the waterways of iran. number two, the "uss harry truman" was hovering around and doing things they didn't like, was the "harry truman" p