let me remind you of this very important idea in our course, manning marable's idea of symbolic representation. this is the idea that the single black individual, like the black athlete, represents the larger black collective. a lot of what we have been talking about in this course is how black athletes were these symbols, the symbolic representatives. joe lewis, jackie robinson, wilma rudolph. their achievements were a reflection of what all black americans wanted, right? they were symbols of integration. -- muhammed ali, he is the symbol, the embodiment of the black power movement. when he succeeds, the movement succeeds. historically speaking, this is the power of the black athlete, that what they do seems to have so much more significance than just that isolated event. this is the power of the black athlete. this is also the burden of the black athlete. they are never just competing for themselves. they have the weight of black america on their shoulders, for example, joe lewis. a perfect example. yes? >> for a long time, read our backs only had one black player. uerbach had only one black

manning marable's pulitzer prize for biography malcolm x, reinvention, a life of invention minimizes louise little's active role in cultivating malcolm x is political consciousness. many grenadians of black people around the world remain unaware of the little. extraordinary life and that she was the mother of international renowned u.s. black national other cities. just a few key points i want to emphasize. first in a very short time i have, again i want to emphasize the importance of the extraordinary life of louise little. and how her life, the concrete demands of black people do many urgent needs, demanding for self-determination. this paper highlights rather stands the study by calling attention to the boards of the u.s. midwest as a key and distant sight of the unia and the national movement. third point, louise little provides insight into the people that black women played in advancing what historian has called grassroots garveyism. deorganization work performed by garvey -ites at the local level to achieve global black freedom. four, studying louise little's life provides ins