so the accept rations between enslaved people and the enslavers were not really there.ere was a lot of mixing in terms of sexual assault, in terms of actual relationships. certainly here in louisiana a lot of free people of color existed here because of consensual relationships where enslaved women would then be freed and given their own property. so in louisiana it's a very different class that's kind of created here. free people of color and people enslaved by their own families as well. >> this is a memorial where we have trabs scribnscribed of 107 people enslaved. this is based on the information that hall has put together and that database ends in 1820. there's talk now of about extending it to 1865. we have just their first names and again, these are mostly coming from sale documents and then what we've also done here is recorded little snippets from the works progress slaves narratives so we allow people to walk through on their own and take a few minutes to reflect and read those names and those testimonials. >> this is the last memorial that we visit before we

one is the enslaver. and yet -- is enslaved, one person is the enslaver, and yet they have this bond. we believe the owner from 1840-1860 had this commissioned. her husband had died, so we believe this may have been commemorative. this room -- it is really difficult when we come in here to not just gawk at how beautiful it is. there's a lot of beautiful furniture. the decor is lovely. most visitors imagine themselves as the people who would be relaxing in a room like this. it's important to think about the different ways this room would be used. it would be a site of relaxation for the family, but it would be a site of labor for enslaved people. one thing we know was common was that there were enslaved people who were skilled musicians or skilled at entertainment. they might be called upon after their work in the field was concluded to entertain the family. solomon northrup, of course, was a skilled fiddle player. he had to come in and perform fiddle for dances and balls on -- all night long. you can unde

formerly enslaved men went to war to secure freedom. their free counter parts did so to secure rights. their patriotism was shaped by the expectation that when the war was over, they should share not just the union's victory but not advantages of a free america the 20th connecticut volunteers spoke for the vast majority of the men when he tried to explain to his frightened wife why he refused to use his recent illness to escape the war. do you know or think what the end of this war is to decide he questioned? if our government succeeds, our race will be free. the prejudices that belong to it must follow. slave holders are my enemies. my flags' enemies. the flag i was born under. have suffered so much under. they tore that flag from its staff and in its place put their rebel rag and swore by it freedom shall die. it is black sons as well as loyal white sons are fateful and will shed the last drop of blood in defense of the starry banner that is to be the emblem of all whether black or white and if he should die in this great cause, he wr

so the accept rations between enslaved people and the enslavers were not really there.re was a lot of mixing in terms of sexual assault, in terms of actual relationships. certainly here in louisiana a lot of free people of color existed here because of consensual relationships where enslaved women would then be freed and given their own property. so in louisiana it's a very different class that's kind of created here. free people of color and people enslaved by their own families as well. >> this is a memorial where we have trabs scribnscribed of 107 people enslaved. this is based on the information that hall has put together and that database ends in 1820. there's talk now of about extending it to 1865. we have just their first names and again, these are mostly coming from sale documents and then what we've also done here is recorded little snippets from the works progress slaves narratives so we allow people to walk through on their own and take a few minutes to reflect and read those names and those testimonials. >> this is the last memorial that we visit before we m

people's names were not always recorded when they were enslaved. so if you look at things like the census records, it will just include a tally of how many men and how many women but i won't tell you any names so we have to look for those names in sale documents, in the city of new orleans, there was a notary involved and so we go to the notary archives to find sales and purchases. and all of the information that we have here, this biographic cal information is related to selling. so where someone came from, how old they were, whether they came with children, the jobs that they knew how to do, these were all things that would affect their price at sale. louisiana had different laws than other states and territories in the united states. so in -- in louisiana for a very long time it was illegal to sell children away from parents under the code that was beforeóírwÑ py and later it was actually before the age of ten and so you see things like this. here's agatha and these are people being sold together in a lot. so we have basic information here and t

>> is maybe 15-25%. >> hinojosa: enslaved. >> enslaved. but they have a long history of hereditary slavery there. >> hinojosa: but when you go, for example, to mauritania, or someone else, let's just say, are they going to see it? do they understand? do people understand what they're seeing, and is part of the work that you're doing in free the slaves is to teach us how to recognize what we need to be looking for? >> absolutely and it's interesting. you go to mauritania, you'd see someone literally in rags. say a 12-year-old boy, literally wearing rags. dirty, maybe scarred up, leading by the hand a beautifully dressed ten-year-old to take them to school. and you think, "wait, what is this, a servant? is this, like, the cousin nobody likes? i mean, what's going on here?" but the fact of the matter is this is one of the children of the slave family that belongs to the richer family that's sending the kid to school. >> hinojosa: and no one says anything? >> well, not in those communities, because it's normal in those communities, absolutely

something happening board those ships that were far worse than that. 2,000 men came forward who were enslavedthai fishing boats, on these waters, working for as long as a decade without pay. the boats here were central to one of the world's most important food suppliers, thai fishing industry, thailand is the second largest exporter of seafood. and the united states consumes much of it. the global demand for cheap seafood and years of unpaid labor will they receive any justice at all? we've come to southeast asia to speak with the men who have been catching our fish for years. we're over 2,000 miles east of thailand. but fish here are so abundant that thai trawlers have been making the journey for years. in 2014, the indonesian government imposed a moratorium on commercial fishing in its territory. fishing boats were forced into the nearest port which had an unexpected effect. hundreds of trafficked men fled the ships and took refuge here. in the past year there have been over a thousand who have passed through this camp. now there's just dozens left for us to hear their stories. almost all a

formerly enslaved men went to war to steer freedom. their freed counterparts did so to secure rights. their patriotism was shaped by the expectation that when the war was over they would share not just in the union victory but the advantages of a freed america. maney, a member of the virginia 20th volunteers, spoke for the men when he tried to explain to his frightened wife refused to why he use his recent illness to escape the war. do you know or think what the end of this work is to decide? if our government succeeds, our race will be free. when slavery passes away, the prejudices that belong to it must follow. slaveholders are my enemies. the flag i was born under has have suffered so much under, they tore that flag from its staff and in its place put the rebel rag and swore by it that freedom should die. but they shall find it cannot die. it's black sons and loyal white sense are faithful and will shed the last drop of blood in defense of the starry banner that is to be the emblem of edna: if he should die in this not let me, he wi

shepherd mallery, frank aker, and enslaved african-americans protection at fort monroe.ore than 500,000 enslaved people followed in the footsteps of mallery and baker, leading to one of our nation's most extraordinary, and until now, overlooked story of self emancipation and determination. fast-forward to the 20th century , the rowhouses and tree-lined streets of the pauline community in chicago harbor a multitude of stories. here, a well intended socialist experiment became the catalyst for the first african-american union in the unites states. the brotherhood of sleeping car porters. the founding president would use his victory to help and segregation in the military, defense contracting, and education. these places matter. we believe these national treasures represent an important chapter in the story of civil rights. rights.tory of labor we are proud to have played a role in building the fort monroe monument.n national at the celebration, president obama said, you stand on the soldiers -- on the shoulders of giants, on the site of great historic moment. that means th

them intionships kept the same place they were previously enslaved. it was not uncommon to find free blacks among slave populations of the south and free blacks in the north. in urban centers like st. louis, baltimore, which haveney's hometown, we increasingly growing communities of african-americans. 's hometown, has the largest black population in the country, nearly 25,000 people at the beginning of the civil war. the helps us to understand touchstone for thinking about dred scott. ms. swain: to be clear, this is -- the decision they would make would affect the free blacks as well. who have beenany free have been claiming the status of citizens throughout the early decades of the 19th century, which makes dred scott a terrible blow. prof. bracey: they were not only claiming to be citizens, they were exercising the right, voting. they voted for ratification of the constitution. it comes as quite a blow. ms. swain: later on, we will be involving as part of the history that makes it interesting for us, are the questions on your mind. at --n send us a

freedom to enslaved blacks who fought for the british? more fought for the british. i wonder, what kind of compensation? i don't imagine the people would theirhought knowing families would still be enslaved. i always had this feeling where they were granted their freedom and perhaps -- can you address that? the second question i have is about the oil leak -- the loyal league. i want another medical will and abolition in the civil war. >> i am not sure who you are referring to. north carolina? >> i think the loyal league, number of abolitionists, some of them based in d.c.. frederick douglass was a part of it. it is something harry jones talks about. they talk about it at the african-american civil war museum. it might have been a secret society. they were doing a lot of things. >> i'm afraid the secret society loses me. let me answer your first question. i think two things. if you thought in the national -- if you fought and the national army in washington, you would be free. you would gain a pension. we know that black people, right from

however, we are more than the descendents of the enslaved.are a direct reflection of their dreams and aspirations. we believe our work is about truth and service. we are telling a new, broader, truer american story where african-americans are actors in history rather than spectators. for this reason, we are intentional in selecting african-american national treasurers that are rooted in activism, achievement, and architecture. in essence, we are reconstructing america's national identity. howard alum polly mary said one person plus one typewriter constitutes a movement. today, a movement can be launched with an iphone and a hash tag. the black lives at her movement has been beautifully rebranded. this spirit of activism has always been part of our team unity dna. it's evident at national treasurers like fort munro. fort munro has an underappreciated heritage related to the origins and ending of slavery in america. in 1690, the first slave ship to arrive in the new world deposited its cargo of human beings where fort munro now stands. in 1861

rescue efforts by the airstrikes of them if they saved many but not before daesh captured and enslaved many women and girls selling them, raping them at will and destroying the communities of which they had lived for countless generations. we know that in those mosul and elsewhere, they've executed christians because of their faith and ethiopians and then also forced christian women and girls into sexual slavery. we know that daesh massacred hundreds of turkmen besieged and starved and kidnapped hundreds of women and raping many in front of their own families. we know that in areas under its control, daesh has made a systematic effort to destroy the cultural heritage of ancient communities destroying syria and orthodox catholic churches, blowing up monasteries, desecrating cemeteries and even beheading and 83-year-old scholar who spent a lifetime preserving. we know that daesh actions are animated by an extreme anti-tolerant ideology that is pagan and devil worshipers. and we know that daesh threatened christians by saying it will conquer the role can't be two, but he too were crosses

as such, he was given opportunities denied to most enslaved boys, including an education. from his earliest years, therefore, blanche k. bruce was the man between. and i called this talk today the man between the senate career of blanche k. bruce. between two races, between two cultures, between slavery and freedom and, ultimately, between opposing political philosophies. bruce's rise to political promise is a remarkable story. when the civil war began in 1861, the 21-year-old bruce left his master's plantation and fled to freedom in the new state of kansas. i decided to emancipate myself, he recalled later on. i worked myself to kansas and became a free man. over the course of a decade, bruce romed from place to place, job to job as he sat further education and looked for professional opportunities that would take him out of poverty and into social and economic stability and success. when reconstruction brought remission of southern states, he traveled south. he reached mississippi in 1869, where he heard a speech that changed the course of his life. the republican candid

i mean, my great grandparents were enslaved. but i think for all of us the legacy of slavery is still around us. because if the great evil of american slavery was this narrative of racial difference, when we read the 13th amendment, it doesn't talk about that ideology of white supremacy. it talks about involuntary servitude, enforced labor. so we don't actually end slavery and the worst part of slavery in 1865. slavery doesn't end. it just evolves. it turns into decades where we use that same narrative to justify terrorism perpetrated against african americans throughout this country and brutal public spectacle lynchings. what we did to african americans between the end of reconstruction and world war ii rivals anything we read about in the mideast today perpetrated by isis. we strung people up, we mutilated them, we set them on fire, we shot them a hundred times, we cut off parts of their body and took it home as souvenirs. and then we didn't talk about it. we just sort of moved it indoors and created a criminal justice system

he sent several of his enslaved people to missouri. we knew that in the family. once they got there, the split came. one parts of the emancipation came in he was free. the other part that he run away -- he ran away. you said he ran away to the south. in this book here -- i want to thank you. it has been very enlightening. a lot of people just don't know about the conservations -- contributions of blanche bruce and his son roscoe became a superintendent of a colored division of the d.c. public schools. i wanted to mention that. >> thank you very much. like many enslaved people, bruce out, was loaned out, sold and borrowed, and rented out to other owners and masters. that was all too common. the bruce family has a long-standing history in washington dc. his children -- his son and grandchildren served and federal offices. very important part of washington history. yes, brian. bryan: is there anyway you can find out his last each to the senate on his archer -- his -- his departure? last speech would have come in 1881. i don't know that he gave a formal farewell addr

this structure, like i said, just kind of helps us round out that story of enslavement till after the civil war and we have some other buildings that were here at one time and we have rebuilt. >> we have a collection of statues created by an ohio artist and he built these -- put together these statues for us to represent people who were enslaved at the end of slavery and then later gave their testimony to works progress administration? 1930s. we use the narratives of slaves taken in the 1930s throughout our interpretation on this site. and so these give life to who they were. taking the narratives of formerly enslaved people, they were talking to people in their 80s, 90s or 100s who when they were slaves had just been childr children. at the highest end maybe 15 when freedom came but most of them were under the age of 10. and this is to remind us who those voices are coming from. those people were talking about their experiences in slavery as children and often times recalling the things that happened to their parents or their grandparents. >>> this plantation was initially founded in

daesh has threatened christians by saying it will, quote, conquer your rome, break your crosses, and enslaver women. shia muslims meanwhile are referred to by daesh as quote, disbelievers and apostates and subjected to frequent and vicious attacks. in december, a year ago, a 14-year-old boy approached the gate of shiite mosque in baghdad, unzipped his jacket to show that he was wearing an explosive vest and he surrendered to the guards. he had been recruited by daesh in syria, and joined to serve islam but he was told after his recruitment that unless he obeyed every order, shiites would come and rape his mother. daesh said of shias, and i quote, it is a duty imposed upon us to kill them, to fight them, to displace them, and to cleanse the land of their filth. one element of genocide is the intent to destroy an ethnic or religious group in whole or in part. we know that daesh has given some of its victims a choice between abandoning their faith or being killed. and that for many is a choice between one kind of death and another. the fact is that daesh kills christians because they are christ

they were the first state records produced by alabama government that record the names of formally enslaved african american men who are now recognized as free citizens of the state. the document, in many cases, was the first time they would have put into a public record, not just the given name, but also whatever surname they chose at the time of emancipation. it is also extremely valuable for doing african-american genealogy. it provides a very important mileposts in terms of african-american families being able to document the lineage back to 1867. the remainder of alabama voices goes on to tell about the dramatic changes that unfold in the ensuing decades of alabama's history as it becomes the most heavily industrialized state in the south, the most heavily unionized state in the south, and undergoes a whole sequence of changes leading through the turn of the 20th century and as we approach the great depression and world war ii. there is the fantastic story that goes on to the mid-20th century related to the civil rights movement and alabama's role. championing and making it possible fo

she was re-enslaved. eventually, and i think you get this bit of it in the book, she was freed again when somebody bought her in the town and then freed her. most of harriet's experience as a slave she is living in the town. there's a brief period when she's working on a plantation but for the most part she's working on a household and not on a plantation. i don't know how to make this a sharper image. i guess i could try turning off the back lights. does that help? this is harriet jacobs in 1894. i tried to find a picture of harriet obz when she was younger but there does not seem to be one. the other thing too is these a slave in north carolina, which had a somewhat different system from what existed in other parts of the south at this point. it was never a state that was dominated by large slave plantations. and then once we have this -- what we've called the second middle passage, which was this point after the foreign slave trade has ended and when slaves are being shipped from the seaboard south int

you see, napoleon was born to a woman who was enslaved. he was born in 1800. new yorkbefore that, passed a law saying that children born to enslaved women would have to become indentured servants if it was a female child, until she was 25 years old. for a male child, it was until he was 28. to polling was indentured mrs. miller at a tobacco factory. a philanthropist purchased his services and immediately sold it to napoleon's first wife for $50. so he lost $200 on the deal in order to free this man. a napoleon said he immediately started rescuing people from slavery. napoleon knew slavery, but sydney howard gay did not. come to an understanding of the evil of the system. which he did. sensitive a very constitution. he was ill quite frequently. his father wanted him to become a lawyer and take over his legal practice, so he sent them to harvard university when he was 15 years old. he became very ill and had dropped out. his father expected that he would go back to harvard, but he refused. he did not want to go back. he wanted to be a businessman. he borrowed mo

who have fought for their freedom now losing their children to the very people who had helped them enslaved. and then of course you have southerners who had returned, ex-confederates, returning to congress after having been responsible for a four-year war. so what really brings this new form of reconstruction and the whole congressional reconstruction is the outrage that this war has been fought. and although the union , you hady won former confederates actually being able to regain power, not just in their state but at the federal level, as well. >> and you talk about the black coats. reeman'sut the friedman' bureau, what it was designed to do, and how tragically introduced nothing more than resistance in a way, irrational resistance. >> it was established by the federal government in 1865. not just toeant help african-americans make that transition from slavery to freedom, to help whites who have been displaced by the war, as well. i think we sometimes forget that. we think these bureau was just about helping black people. actually, he will in general who need the assistance after the war

of states is probably the most significant is slavery as virginia house the largest number of the enslaved people at the time of the convention and in the north the states like massachusetts already abolished slavery. so that line is very important that is in one's national power to protect slavery others want the states to be represented. >> we be his positions of what we may think of as modern. >> that is interesting largely it hasn't been focused on that position from slavery and it is curious he knows that they were enslaved but freed them at his wife's death. jefferson indebted free anyone. madison was the son of a plantation owner and the us secretary was so shocked but but he had a deep benevolence to violate those principles of the revolution. but you could not imagine a world where it didn't exist or and that profits that he thought would be made the first to be freed in thin said stuart africa. so he was very comfortable with a regional the no negative comments. but then when he goes back to buy a. but there were written two years later it did not reflect medicine. >> after a lon

children are being enslaved. not ready to say they are committing crimes against humanity. we are ready to say this. we need to recognize atrocities and continue to pray. second, the obama administration is preparing fiduciary rules that raise cost and limit options was get her millions. we have already passed a bill in the house to lay the rule. we will be ready to do what we can to protect the savings of hard-working americans, and when we do i hope we will be joined by the dozens of democrats. this afternoon i will be attending seatback. this beautiful idea, one of the planks of the policy agenda we are working on now. this is going to be our contribution to the campaign. a bold agenda that unites conservatives. i will brief our presidential candidates. the goal is to have an election late 1980. with that, i am happy to answer questions. >> questions with governor romney? expectation he could get along well. >> one of our party leaders who cares deeply about the future of the republican party in the country. i don't know the content. i have not seen the content. we are),

the convict leasing system with more deadly for black men than was agricultural work while enslaved. so, marriage rights particularly the laws of marriage-- lots of divorce and the laws of monogamy around marriage ended up giving the state a new power to discipline, punish and sometimes kill black men just at this moment when they were freed from the crushing effects of slavery in the crushing reality of slavery. part of this was a civilizing mission. what i think we see today as well, of course there is a enormous backlash against-- there was an enormous backlash against plaque electing that the war and there is a backlash against same-sex marriage rights now mostly done undertaken in the name of religion, but not always and to the extent that we have had smooth sailing today on the rights of same-sex couples to be married, it has been local in many contexts and in many parts of the country marriage rights are not something people feel they can exercise because they don't feel free to come out. they know they will be retaliation against them. date experience or metabolize that fear

the son of an enslaved woman and ast likely her white master, a young boy, he lived in virginia, mississippi, and misery. with his parentage, this light-skinned bruce became a favorite of the master and a servant and

if you deny and enslaved human being the ability to enjoy the fruits of their labor you undercut any motivation to work efficiently. that will do the minimum possible and resist. they will never innovate, never worked for the capacity, never grow and become corrupted by that process and those who force themselves and maintain them in the system also corrupted. and it is ultimately a dead-end for himself and his estate and becomes from its ability for the country. economically as well as morally. the two things going together which was really a file process that would turn them away from that. we couldcan talk more about that in question-and-answer. the confederation government , the inability to raise taxes, fundamental to his eventual support for the constitution, but i want to talk before we get to q&a of the presidency. washington's goal is president of the us. when he becomes president he says to develop the national prosperity shall be my 1st -my only aim, to develop the national prosperity, my 1st and only aim. that is pretty significant, i think. his vision for the country, hi

enslave evidence labor as well as free labor. he allocates them to different industries where they can become productive and self-sufficient. you don't need to go to somebody else to get your clothing, to get your tools, to get your shoes, to get your food. you can produce all of it right here and with the surplus you can sell it. mount vernon is going to be restoring the fishery. i'm really excited about that and reconstructioning the boat that washington would have used in seen how the fishery would have worked. the fishery was really important. i it was profitable in its own right but fed the people working on the estate. it becomes mount vern -- mount vernon become answers enterprise, multidimensional. multilaird. it's an amazing transformation. washington sells through alexandria and to there's much i could say about the growing disenchantment with the british, their clamping down on american industry. this was a feeling that americans shared in general. i will simply very briefly say that washington shared with his countrym

he never thought that anyone was justified in exploiting or enslaving members of certain races, and he was never hostile or indifferent to the welfare of blacks or members of other races. a fourth definition is as follows. racism is the belief that certain races are morally or intellectually superior to other races. it's unclear whether or not lincoln was a racist in this sense. nowhere in any of his writings or speeches does he say that whites are inherently or morally or intellectually superior to blacks but nowhere does he explicitly deny this either. but lincoln clearly endorsed unjust racial discrimination during most if not all of his political career. he defended unjust laws that denied free african-americans full social and political rights. his most well-known statement about this came in his debate with douglas in charleston, illinois. lincoln said, quote, i am not nor ever have been in favor of bringing about any way the social or political equality of the white or black races. i have never been in favor of making voters or jurors of negroes or of qualifying them to employ o

daish has threatened christians by saying it will conquer your rome, break your crosses and enslave your women. shia muslims meanwhile are referred to by daish as disbelievers and apostates and subjected to frequent and vicious be attacks. in december a year ago, a 14-year-old boy approached the gate of a shiite mosque in baghdad, unzipped his jacket to show he was wearing an explosive vest and he surrendered to the guards. he had been recruited by daish in syria and joined to serve islam, but he was told after his recruitment that unless he obeyed every order, shiites would come and rape his mother. daish said of see es, it is a duty imposed upon us to kill them, to fight them, to displace them and to cleanse the land of their filth. one element of genocide is the in tent to destroy an ethnic or religious group in whole or in part. we know that daish has given some of its victims a choice of abandoning their faith or being killed and that for many is a choice between one kind of death and another. the fact is, that daish kills christians because they are christians. yazidis, because the

children are being enslaved. the obama administration is still not ready to say that isis andy aside regime are committing crimes against humanity. we are. we are ready to say this. we need to recognize these atrocities with clear eyes. we need to continue to pray for the persecuted. second, the obama administration is in the final stages of preparing so-called fiduciary role. this would raise costs and limit options for people seeking advice on a retirement plan. this could hurt millions of middle-class savers. we have already passed a bill in the house to delay this rule, and we have passed bills into committees laying out return. when the bill comes down, we will be ready to do what we can to protect savings of hard-working americans. when we do, help we will be joined by the dozens of democrats who have expressed concerns about these regulations. lastly, this afternoon, i will be attending cpac to talk about ideas for getting people out of poverty, and reclaiming the american ideal. this beautiful idea, this

the yazidis have sever tremendously with thousands of women still enslaved.his continues throughout the fall, the reluctance and unwillingness to also include the christian congressman jeff fortenberry from nebraska who introduced the resolution that passed that bridget referred to that unanimously passed. his district houses the largest yazidis population in the united states. he asked on february 28 of secretary kerry if they would include christians in the genocide designation, which was mandated by congress to be made yesterday. secretary kerry on february 24 said to the congressman "they are not killing them, but it is a removal." i can't think of a more cautious, neutral, and misleading term than "removal" in referring to the christians' experience with isis. one day before the deadline, the state department had a public announcement that they would not make the deadline. it was pretty apparent they were resistant. the reason why was, they explained that some point, is that isis did not have an intent to kill or destroy the christian community. that it

the project has helped to free 70 enslaved children returning them to parents or foster parents. >>> when he is not working here at school he is spending all his time working with the kids making sure sure they are getting an education and getting out of slavery and that's just outstanding. >>> robins has built a school and teacher housing in west africa. >>> you can curse the darkness or shine a light. >>> the mosquitoes that carry zika virus are closer to our area than thought. >>> details on the new tesla when "action news" continues. >>> it is our last harrah with march, 2016. let's make it a great day we are off to a good start, overnight construction northbound lanes of the i-95 near the betsy ross bridge has cleared out. they are in the process of wrapping up along north broad at city hall and the passyunk avenue draw bridge all zones clear at 9:00 about nine minutes away. in west philadelphia there was a water main break yesterday afternoon. we expect walnut street to be blocked today. starting at 6:00 a.m. between 49th and 50th streets. market or baltimore avenue would be th

you would have heard the enslaved men and women singing, talking to each other.ould've for the free rockers talking to each other. the work of the occasional plow is pretty much a very peaceful surrounding. this would contrast profoundly with your experience of routing through.herrmann and 1768 when you would've found it possible and high the production and industry that it became an enterprise in its own right with noise and work of multiple different types all at the same time. you would've heard metal clay bimetal. you would've heard spinning and weaving. you would've heard shoes being cobbled. you would've heard men holiday mats in the book would have gone out on the potomac. how did all that happened? >> well, and it was washington's that the tobacco system just was not going to work in the long run. the tobacco system had a number of disadvantages. one of them being that tobacco drink soil. another team that tobacco is labor-intensive. it requires a lot of human beings working on that production to produce a relatively small amount of tobacco compared to ot