the first effort of desegregation failed horribly. desegregation is desegregation. we were under the same court order in 1963, but officially we that thedesegregated university expelled her to calm the mob that had been raging on this campus. the mob and the presidency of oliver carmichael. they were looking for a new president. , whoapproached frank rose was a minister in the church of christ and president of pennsylvania college. anxious to come here because the university had this bad reputation. they finally said, dr. rose, we need you because we are facing desegregation and we need a southerner who can lead it. he came in 1958. his first challenge was, how do we do this peacefully? he went to the governor of big jim surprisingly said i agree, it is time we desegregated the university of alabama. he called his friend rockefeller and said don't be surprised, i have a friend down there, we serve on the tuskegee institute board. he is progressive and very liberal. you need to talk to judge wallace. he called judge wallace and he said, yeah, it's about time we deseg

lucy was a student for three days but desegregation is desegregation we were under the same court order in 1963, so officially we've been desegregated although she was dispelled for not anything she did but the university expelled or to calm the mob that had been raging on this campus. the mob in february of 63 ended the pressures of oliver carmichael. and they were looking for a new president. they approached frank rose who was a minister in the church of christ and president of transylvania college and for mississippi. frank rose was not anxious to come your in part because the university had this bad reputation. finally, they said doctor rose, we need you because we are facing desegregation and we neea southerner who can lead. so he accepted. he came in 1958. his first challenge was how do we do this peacefully? he went to the governor of alabama, big jim fulsome, and big jim surprise lake said i agree, it's time we desegregated the university of alabama. frank rose was wearing well-connected and one of his friends was nelson rockefeller. he called them and tell them how surprised he

the university of alabama was desegregated a student for three days, but desegregation is desegregation. we were under the same court order in 1963, so officially we had been desegregated though she was expelled. the university expelled her to calm the mob that had been raging on this campus. the mob in february of '63 ended the presidency of oliver carmichael, and they were looking for a new president. they approached frank rose who was a minister in the church of christ and president of transsill vain ya college. frank rose was not anxious to come here in part because the university had this bad reputation. but they approached him, and finally say said, dr. rose, we need you because we are facing desegregation, and we need a southerner who can lead it. so he accepted it. he came in 1958. his first challenge was how do we do this peacefully, and he went to the governor of alabama, james folsom, big jim folsom. and big jim surprised him when he said, well, i agree, it's time we desegregated the university of alabama. frank rose was very well connected, and one of husband friends was nel

the first effort of desegregation failed horribly. desegregation is desegregation.e were under the same court order in 1963, but officially we had been desegregated that the university expelled her to calm the mob that had been raging on this campus. the mob and the presidency of oliver carmichael. they were looking for a new president. they approached frank rose, who was a minister in the church of christ and president of pennsylvania college. he was not anxious to come here because the university had this bad reputation. they finally said, dr. rose, we need you because we are facing desegregation and we need a southerner who can lead it. he came in 1958. his first challenge was, how do we do this peacefully? he went to the governor of alabama and big jim surprisingly said i agree, it is time we desegregated the university of alabama. he called his friend rockefeller and said don't be surprised, i have a friend down there, we serve on the tuskegee institute board. he is progressive and very liberal. you need to talk to judge wallace. he called judge wallace and he

in 1947 there was the desegregation of the armed forces. in the sports world, jackie robertson integrated baseball. how are things beginning to shift in society in the late 1940s? >> you put your finger on something that is really important and that is the impact of the war. in terms of african-american serving in the war, and then coming home to this country and being mistreated including because of the segregation laws, but also by virtue of the law. the soldiers having fought in their treatment here in this country where they felt as if they were experiencing the same kind of ideology in this country was enough to make those soldiers vital in the struggle for civil rights. other things that were happening where that african-americans had migrated. that meant they were a force in politics which was important to changing a sense of where african-americans belong in society. you mention the movements in sports which was very important. all of which was to say african-americans were gaining stature and they also were beginning more so than e

students in nashville that were part of the national student movement that had been working to desegregate lunch counters in the downtown area for over a year. the students were monitoring to see what was happening and there were negotiations and discussions among the students in nashville to continue the rides, and that is where they eventually reconvened in birmingham. when the students arrived, the kennedy administration worked out with the state government to provide protection for the students leaving birmingham and coming to montgomery. the deal they worked out was that the buses would be protected by state police from the birmingham city limits to the montgomery city limits, and then the montgomery city police would protect the bus as it arrived at the bus station. the bus with the freedom riders in birmingham left may 20, 1961 which was saturday morning. everything was going according to plan until they arrived at the city of montgomery. then the state police peeled off and the city police did not pick up the bus to escorted to the montgomery bus station. it took 15 minutes for the

so we were fully desegregated at that point. and i would say, okay, it's surreal because here we have been in this county that is majority african-american, it's like a 65/35 division there in that area. and yet i have not been around african-americans all my life, you know, just barely in the street we see each other and all that, but we have not occupied the same space. it's so weird to be, to have this demographic set-up and yet we don't share the same space. and so what did this do for me, is that it, you know, suddenly just, it humanizes everyone. someone who was just abstract, who was a "they," you know, in the distance even though they're physically quite close. people become human, and then you begin to relate to each other on those terms. so i learned a lot about drawing human faces, and this is actually my very favorite thing to draw. so it was an important and huge and wonderful place that i came to when i was finally in, you know, social and scholastic and all of this kind of ambience where i could be around african-

martin luther king had done in 1955 desegregating the city of montgomery, most people's lives had nothanged. from day to day they still suffered some of the situations they had before 1955. it was after the student sit ends and the freedom riders in 1961 when the sides of segregation start to come down. and it was at that point when they ruled that all of these interstate facilities had to integrate. it is really when you first saw the visual changes in the landscape that segregation was on its deathbed. >> our tour staff recently traveled to montgomery, alabama to learn the rich history. learn more at c-span.org. you are watching american history tv, all weekend and every weekend on c-span3. >> up next on american history tv, an historian on interpreting the u.s. constitution. he is the author of several nalks, including "origi meanings." this lecture is hosted by the georgetown university law center is about one hour and 15 minutes. >> is a privilege for me every year to be able to introduce the lecturer. but it is particular honored to be able to introduce jack, the co-professor --

supreme court case that was a catalyst for desegregated washington, d.c. s. quigley is the author "just another town." it's an hour and a half. >> it's a great pleasure to introduce joan quigley. she is both an attorney and a journalist. she's the author of two books, church town" and " mary material." "the day the earth caved in," and "american mining tragedy" published in 2007. and in 2005 she received the distributed by the colombia journalism foundation. she is a graduate of princeton. william & mary law school and the columbia journalism school. "theriting has appeared in washington post," "time" magazine, national geographic and the daily beast. some of the books she's enjoyed pulpit" by"the bully doris kearns. and "the strange career of james crow" by van woodward. [applause] joan: thank you, roger. i need to thank all of you for coming out today. thank you for the wilson center, has h.a., the center who shown an interest in this project. i'm thrilled to be here. i'm happy to be here especially during women's history month and am hoping we can have a g

supreme court case that was a catalyst for desegregated washington, d.c. s. quigley is the author "just another town." it's an hour and a half. >> it's a great pleasure to introduce joan quigley. she is both an attorney and a

thise end up with bundle of bundles that everybody has to take, and as an operator, i would love to desegregate that bundled and sold to people as they wish. most consumers don't recognize that if that happens, the price of the individual channels or even the bundle of channels is going to skyrocket. consumers said they do not even want a box. the effect is our members are providing choice through competitive set-top boxes, through apps, through giving consumers choices about with -- which box to purchase. being part of that relationship with the customer to determine what is this that they want most and how can we can ride it -- provide it? [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] to learn more about the cities on our current tour, visit www.c-span.org. we continue now with our look at the history of long beach. >> we are at the port of long beach here in california within the city of long beach. we are sitting smack dab right in the middle of

against the supreme court order, to desegregate the public schools, they called up in national guardte police to surround the high school and prevent 15 black students from registering. a famous photograph shows a young student walking unprotected, surrounded by white students yelling at her. this would inspire the president to move federal troops in to restore order and protect the students who had become part of civil rights history, known as the little rock 9. the coverage of the event also helped to restore order and rule of law. coverage that was punctuated by a front-page editorial by harry ashmore. like many southern editorialists that would follow him, he based his argument on the idea that justice should be preserved by following the law, not by defining it. in 1957, he wrote, "reflections in a hurricane's eye." >> somehow, sometime, every person will have to be counted. we will have to decide what kind of people we are. whether we obey the law only when we approve of it, or whether we obey it no matter how distasteful we may find it. there are those, of course, who admire c

setting the country on a path to desegregation nationwide.rts of the country were making strides more quickly than others. >> deep down in the south black and whites weren't going to school together, they weren't doing anything together. >> everyone watching the game or listening on the radio was witnessed to something unprecedented at the time. >> living in mississippi you understand the racial significance, five blacks playing against five whites and nobody had seen it before. >> ready to go. stand by. the game is under way. >> very first play of the game, i'm on the back line. i shift over to the ball, and david latin goes to the rim and they throw a lob. absolutely pulverizes it over the top of me. i actually tried to contest the shot. i went up and i had my hand above the rim and i went up and he just -- right through my hand, right down through the rim. >> there's no way. no way they were expecting that. they weren't even thinking about it. >> kentucky closed the gap slightly in the second half, but the day and the championship belonged

but then he said, what does it matter if you desegregate a lunch counter, but you don't have at money to buy the damn hamburger! held an organizing event in co- op city in the bronx wednesday night and asked her supporters generally older more women and more minorities for their help fending off sanders next tuesday. >> i need your help to go to the polls to vote not just for me, my name will be on the ballot, but vote for yourselves! vote for your families! vote for your children! your grandchildren!! >> reporter: the brooklyn navy yard help revitalize the economy in this part of brooklyn but we asked voters what issues they think the candidates should focus on during the debate. >> my biggest concern is our education system starting from the beginning up to college. i mean, i have two siblings struggling with education with college funds and loans and stress and debt. >> cost of living is so high. >> housing for the homeless and things like that. i live in east new york. we need housing over there. at 9 p.m. tonight. it could be their most heated confrontation yet. 247 democratic de

it is not possible for me to desegregate concepts of 17 for for the other issues related to that. in terms of foreign security come i want to live in a free and independent country and the benefits leaving the union and to get control of lawmaking, to get control of our borders, to to get control of the use of our money. and for me to user prices. i think there's a price to pay. i do not believe in the concept of super nationalism. i do not believe that we should give our identities and be subjugated to any degrees whatsoever to a legal authority rather than a cooperative organization. i do not believe that we can talk about europe and the e.u. has been the same and during this campaign is people talk about europe and the e.u. is one of the same. europe is an individual nation with identities and heritage, the e.u. is a short-term short-term political construct in my view run for those at the center with precious little regard of this citizens and consequences of its actions. i'm not want to say everything to you e.u. has done is bad, for example i think there has been the ability

the appointing of the civil rights commission, his civil rights message, the desegregating of the armedces. most importantly, asking for federal action on behalf of medical care, which provides the background for the medicare and medicaid of lyndon johnson's great society. jeff: is there a president after fdr then who might receive more due or credit than you believe they might deserve? william: maybe more than one. but certainly, i would say dwight eisenhower. it is said that he succeeded in making great strides in civil rights by sending troops into -- at the time of the dispute with the governor. in fact, eisenhower did very little on behalf of civil rights. it is said that by refusing to engage joe mccarthy, he brought about the end of mccarthyism, of excessive attacks on innocent people who were called subversive. in fact, the eisenhower administration largely went along with mccarthy. and with others who brought him down. so, i think the reputation of eisenhower today -- which is very considerably better than it was among historians in the early period -- i think that is overblown

the board of education, that held that separate was not equal and that public schools should be desegregatedh deliberate speed. the final oxymoron was excuse for many to delay the inevitable. consider the story of miss lucy. the first black student to attend the university of alabama in 1956. the daughter of a sharecropper, she attended school in alabama and the all-black miles college. she and a friend were accepted into the university of alabama, until it was learned that they were black. naacp they sued the university, a case that took three years. on february 3, 1956, lucy enrolled in the masters program in library science and attended her first class. mob of moreater, a than 1000 men pelted the car in lucy,the dean of women's, road, threatening to enter -- to lynch her. she was expelled for her own safety and driven off campus on the floor of a car. the day after the riots, the editor of a local newspaper wrote the editorial, entitled, what price for peace? >> when mobs started posing their will on universities, we have a bad situation. that is what happened at the university of alabama

. >> my argument is i can't desegregate things that might be of benefit to us from the things that i am fundamentally opposed to with the loss of sovereignty. on the question of trade, why do trade agreements get made? >> they get made because of where it's mutually beneficial. >> that trade agreement would come about. i totally agree with what malcolm said. the dire consequences and partners will gang up on us. it's simply not credible. when trade is mutually beneficial, that's how trades will come about. i think that i'm not saying. we can't re-establish the trading relationships outside the european union. but i don't see that there would be any impediment to doing so. >> i will start with malcolm and share my thoughts. the remain camp talks britain down in this referendum debate. >> russia has a smaller gdp, a smaller economy an the uk. if countries as diverse as tunisia and canada, for example, can the agreements with the eu, very profitable agreements. you came close to it when comparing us to russia. >> you have to involve international negotiations. the issue is not whether y

win in the swimming pool until i was in the fourth grade it was one of the first black head to desegregate public schools. and they were the first of the first either the first or close to the first in my life, but things were 180 from what jackie had to deal with what prentice had to deal with and what jakey sandefur with the first black way. i've been close enough because what i saw in the late 60s and 70s to have at least gotten a really good geek into, you know, having some feeling for what they might've experienced, what they did experience. and so it was a little more about quarterback, although when i saw black porter backs on tv, i was usually watching the athletic conference refunds and sunday morning before church and you saw black quarterbacks. but i didn't see black quarterbacks in the national football league. i didn't see black coaches in the national football league. so, my experience is where much different week has been for a little better. nevertheless, it was still some getting used to, an african-american who was in a democrat. he was republican and a black quarterback

elements of jim crow, couldn't swim and a public swimming pool, i was one of the first you followed to desegregate you follow the public schools. so, i have seen -- i don't compare my circumstances by any stretch because they were the first of the first. i'd been the first of the first but things were 180 of what jake had to deal with it the first tt athletes i have been close enough because of what i saw in the late 60s and 70s to have at least gotten a really good peek into having some feeling for what they might have experienced and what they did experience. so it was a little bit more the black quarterback although i was usually watching the athletic conference reruns on sunday morning before we went to chur church, but i didn't see the black quarterbacks in the national football league. so, my experiences were much different because things were a little better but nonetheless it was still some getting used to seeing an african-american that wasn't a democrat, seeing a black quarterback and how people were responding to them in the university of oklahoma and i talked about this in dig deep whe

. >> dick gregory one time said or houses were desegregated before churches.when jimmy carter was governor of georgia, he went to church one sunday morning and took several african-americans with him and they were admitted but had he not been there they would not have been admitted into the church which is also known as a house of god. my question to the panel is does the history of racism in the united states represent failure of christianity, failure of the message of christianity as described in the new testament, in the gospels or over 1 billion people in the world consider themselves christians and yet we have this history the panel has been talking about occurring in a christian country. so my question to you is do you agree the history of racism in the united states -- represents a failure of the ethics of christianity? >> yes, i agree. [applause] >> last question. >> thank you to ibram kendi and d. watkins, i just retired after 25 years as a librarian in prince george's county in the public library and most of the time i worked in district heights as m

i understand and experienced some of the last elements of jim crow is one of the first kids to desegregate the public schools, so i have seen and i don't compare my circumstances by any stretch because they were the first of the first, the first ever. either the first or close to enough in my life that things went on 80 from what jackie had to deal with apprentice or what sandiford had to deal with. but i've been close enough to him because what i saw in the late 60s and 70s to have at least gotten a really good peek into having some feeling for what they might have experienced and what they did experience and so it was a little more of the black quarterback and when i saw black cornerbacks on tv i was usually watching the athletic conference reruns on sunday morning before we went to church and you saw black order expedited and see them in the national football league with the head football coaches so my experiences were much different because things were a little better but nonetheless it was still some getting used to seeing an african-american that wasn't a democrat, he was republican,

could not swim in the public schooling until i was in the 4th grade, one of the 1st black kids to desegregate. so i have seen 25 again, i don't compare my circumstances with jackie apprentice by any stretch because they were the 1st of the 1st. the 1st ever. i have been either the 1st or close to the 1st things were 181 jackie had to deal with what jk sandiford had to deal with. but i have been close enough to it because what i saw in the late 60s and 70s to start a really good peek into having some feeling for what they might have expressed. there was a little more the black quarterback. when i saw black quarterbacks on tv hours watching the ones. you saw black quarterbacks. i didn't. so my experiences were much different because things were a little better. it was still some getting used to. anafrican-american that was in a democrat. he was a republican. how people responded to that. university of oklahoma, i was talking to a reporter. a reporter said to me, i got letters from fans the say we think jc is a good guy. it would just like to have a white quarterback. well, there were still elem

working with his brother, bobby kennedy and bobby deputy, trying to navigate politics of the 1963 desegregationn the face of the on stinant governor george wallace. >> i believe that situation is good for the negro citizen and white citizen. >> it is privy to all sides. >> the governor cannot block all classes. >> if he still doesn't move, we'll try to get by him. >> push him. >> push him a little bit. >> the films will be available on blu-ray and dvd on tuesday. likely make you nostalgic for an era of politics. >> when the cause of freedom is endangered all over the world, where the united states stands and can see the enemy burning or distant hills, that's what is at issue today and attempting to determine in the coming months and years, all of us. >> the correct answer to the challenge question, c, harry truman was the first sitting president to visit germany. richard nixon was the first to go to saudi arabia in '74 in the wake of the oil crisis as for britain, wood row wilson made the first visit to the uk arriving in london on boxing day in 1918 after the armistice that ended world war i.

but then he said, what does it matter if you desegregate a lunch counter, but you don't have the moneyo buy the damn hamburger? and this is what he said back in the 1960s. and it's sad to remember how much distance we still have to go. this is dr. king. he said, the other america -- he talked about two americans. he said the other america was plagued by, quote, inadequate, substandard and often dilapidated housing conditions. well, guess what? i was in baltimore, maryland. a few months ago. in a community where so many of the homes were boarded up. i have been in communities all over this country where gentrification is destroying neighborhoods. i have been in communities where people are paying 50, 60% of their limited incomes in housing. we have all been in communities where too many people are sleeping out on the street. >> bernie sanders speaking in midtown, manhattan to the national action network. this is al sharpton's group. bernie sanders also acknowledging reverend jesse jackson. and endorsed when he ran for president twice in the 1980s. he's talking about voting rights and vo

they are trying to skillfully navigate the politics of the 1963 desegregation of the university of alabamavernor george wallace. >> i believe that separation is good for the negro citizen and white citizen. >> and the viewer is privy to all sides. >> governor cannot block all those classes. >> if he still doesn't move then we will try to get by him. >> push him? >> by pushing a little bit. >> the films will be available on blu-ray and dvd from the criterion collection on tuesday. they will likely make you nostalgic for an era of politics where the rhetoric was less like thsh this -- >> i mean, first of all, this guy is a choke artist, and this guy is a liar. >> and more like this -- >> when the cause of freedom is endangered all over the world, when the united states stands as the only sent tree at the gate, when we can see the fires of the enemy burning on distant hills, that's what's at issue today. that's what we are attempting to determine. in the coming months and years all of us -- >> the correct answer to the gps challenge question is c, harry truman was the first sitting u.s. presi

you get desegregation, not revolution. you don't get such good sanitation.otherwise, quite roman. >> i would like to thank all of you for not exposing all of my ignorance during one hour. but, you have a fair amount of it. market, a question for you. when thomas jefferson was the ambassador to france, he was warned about the brazilians, to steer clear of them. do you think there was any reverberation in brazil from the earthquake in lisbon? >> absolutely. they, of course, received the news after a month or so. in fact, i think they got it before north america, before can to boston. of course, it was the cash cow of the portuguese empire. they were extraordinarily concerned about whether lisbon was completely destroyed, whether they should send ships filled with gold to lisbon and what with a sending those ships to. what's interesting, i read a letter that pombal sent to brazil and he sent these letters throughout, in fact, the western world downplaying the destruction of the city. he did not want to scare people. he did not want the trade to be dampened. but

. >> what does it matter if you desegregate a lunch counter but you don't have the money to have the damn hamburger? >> reporter: sanders has been firing up voters, drawing one big crowd after another, including last night's massive rally in washington square park. a sanders supporter, dr. paul song, sparked controversy as he warmed up the crowd. >> medicare for all will never happen if we continue to elect corporate democratic whores who are beholden to big pharma. >> reporter: he's married to lisa ling, a clinton supporter and host of cnn's "this is life with lisa ling." he later apologized for using the word "whores." the clinton campaign called on sanders to denounce it, which he did tweeting there's no room for language like that in our political discourse. clinton has won 9.4 million votes. sanders about 7 million. her lead is largely built on overwhelming victories across the south, which sanders took issue with last night on comedy central. >> i think that having so many southern states go first distorts reality as well. >> reporter: jake, senator sanders has a chance to make

the other guy was taken to the desegregation unit. >> they'll evaluate to see if it was a fight or assaulte deputy up there talked to other inmates, review the camera to see what all happened. >> one of the witnesses was a trustee, an inmate maintenance worker. brian prawdzik. >> the dude was grabbing water. he walked up behind him, don't touch my food. don't touch my food. [ bleep ]. [ bleep ]. dude never hit him back, though. he just stood there. kept turning. blood there. blood there. i have to get bleach and clean this up and scrub. definitely another day of being a trustee. ever day is something new. you get something like this. it's entertaining but then i have to deal with the aftermath. >> have a seat in there. >> after their initial treatment, jail medical staff decides to send harvey to the hospital. >> he's going to get checked out by a doctor and probably get a couple stitches in his lip. >> as for the fight, harvey says he doesn't know what prompted it. >> came out of my cell, sat down. sat down, talked to people that i play scrabble with. come back and the kid started hitting

. >> before desegregated schools, before the voting rights act of 1965, on april 15th, 1947, jackie robinsonke baseball's color barrier by becomes the first african-american to play in the major leagues in the modern era. it was a towering moment that not only changed sports but also the country. there were slurs, threats, and abuse. but there were also victories. the right-handed hitter became rookie of the year. later, national league mvp. a dynamo on the base pads with 37 steals in one season alone. at a time when big league players weren't always so fastz. robinson helped lead the brooklyn dodgers do their first and only world series championship in 1955. and became the first black player to be inducted into the baseball hall of fame. but robinson's legacy goes well beyond his career on the diamond. the iconic player stood up for equal rights, even before integrated baseball. while serving in the army, he was arrested and court-martialed for refusing to move to the back of a bus, 11 years before rosa parks. and he was described by martin luther king jr. as, quote, a sit-inner before sit-

the reality is that when we look at the evangelical vote, when we desegregate the data as brother jonese has done, what we see are competed interested articulated through religious vehicles. it's kind of a shoddy representation right now for a broader racial and gender commitment. so at the end of the day, the real religion is whiteness. the real religion is a kind of preoccupation with the demonization and stigmatization of those who fall outside of the rubric, beyond the pale of mortal man. as a result of that, challenges the protected classes heretofore, so when you see the paranoia and panic of white groups. that's in response to the fear of a black president, and the challenge of this black man challenging the rigid athore terrier theological preoccupations of many of these groups. it gets articulated theologically, it gets expressed religiously, but at root, it's a racialized and gender conception of women. donald trump is trying to channel as best he can what the collective unconscious is, and it will change from day to day, because he ain't no real native to that particular habi

it was not going to be desegregated until 1942. a very important point. go ahead. segregation, the white soldiers in world war i, they as likeblack soldiers more friendly to them, more like a friend or just another american soldier? jennifer: i think another important thing to say about african-american soldiers was that they were not only segregated, they were disproportionately drafted. they are 13% of the army. 89% will serve as noncombatants. atthat means you are looking 40,000 african-americans. and i think that answers your question. segregating them for noncombatant roles, and you had sort of these campaigns to remove them from positions of leadership. it was central to the message that african-american and white soldiers are not equal. like we will take the manpower, but we do not want their manliness, if that makes sense in terms of that. and that is why for the african-american press, how those african-american soldiers perform in battle is so, so important. and they have one great example. because the american army is so uncertain about what to do with b

every president he didn't want to do it, he he didn't want to deal with the busing and housing desegregation. every president had to deal with the race question. it's completely strained and unfair that the first black president is the only guy who gets a pass. >> not only that, but here's the point, if you say you do not want to be exempt from the normal characterizations of other presidents because of your color, which i think is fair, fair, then you can't be exempt from the responsibility that every other president has had which is to address race, now are we saying the following the existential terror, the personal discomfort, the kind of unease that this president understandably experiences because he is the first person to embody in his own existence is very body, the torn mandate and if you will the torn agenda of american democracy that he lived every day. he says look on by racial that means i have resolved some of the conflicts of the nation in my own body. if that's the the case, how in the world can we expect the first african-american president to be exempt from dealing with the

and see a completely wrong room about school segregation that gives them credit for more school desegregation than any other time in american history, which is of course true in all wishes against his will, and the other room shows better indian policies happened during his ministration, never happens to be correct. my candidate would be franklin pierce. he is the only candidate, the only president who was nominated by his party, elected and then, though he wanted to be renominated, it would not. that is a distinction. another distinction is, when he left washington and came back to new hampshire, nobody met his train. [laughter] >> and then there is a third distinction, and that is, he beats out andrew johnson for being the most alcoholic president. i think he comes in second because i am with a net -- a nnette. demand that was impeached should win. >> i am a graduate student. i kind of want to post this to you. everyone loves redemption, everyone loves the third act .hen someone redeems themselves i am a 20th-century history and so i will not even venture into the 1800s, but people like taf

they said maurer school desegregation occurred during his six years. but all against his will. the next room says, better american indian policies happened during his administration and that one happens to be correct. i think it goes into the balance. franklinate would be the only president who was nominated by his party, elected, and though he wanted to be renominated, they would not stop another distinction, when he left washington and came back to new hampshire, nobody met his train. and then there is a third distinction, and that is he beats out, narrowly, andrew johnson, for being the most alcoholic president. i think he comes in second because i am with a net. the guy that got impeached and would have been convicted if not had been for outright bribery should win the prize. >> high. i am a graduate student. everyone loves redemption. everyone loves that third act when someone redeems himself. historians ientury will not even venture into the 1890's. that people like taft, nixon, carter, arguably maybe clinton. what can be said about the idea of a third act. as after aact

afterwas a vote shortly federal oversight that had stemmed from a desegregation lawsuit dating to the 60's expired. there is a moment where the school district and the school board had to decide how they were going to assign students to schools. how do they dictate the moment patterns -- enrollment patterns. previously there had been racial quotas and busing. they had a decision to make. they could continue doing a system of choice and make an effort to keep the schools integrated, or they could revert to a note -- neighborhood goals model -- schools model, which would amount to de facto segregation. they opted for that. that is where we began the story, at that moment, in 2007. we traced the difference decisions and policy failures that the school board made over the subsequent years. some of the challenges there -- it is a big, broad topic. zoning andm school the intricacies of analyzing student test score data to discipline. rates of suspensions for african american kids versus non-african americans could -- american kids. two teacher personnel records -- to teacher personnel recor

a terrible desegregation and talked about the booming economy given more funds you've able to do oneng or another i see you have more taxi investigators as part of budget it looks very good and talked about affordability as a senior and i am a senior although i'm an attorney i'm on a fixed income it is difficult to pay a thousand dollars in an industry that is being devastated just a point i know again against the tmc judge ray could have great judges the district of new york federal court basically allowed a lawsuit to go through rather than being dismissed to anti trust concerns the tmc had and owing to some of the problems that he saw is tmcs have which i think they're an evil genus with the way they behave i don't know how that couples i know that judge ray cost - saying the supplement was two small. >> thank you, thank you next item, please. >> your last speaker howard wong. >> hello howard wong safe muni i'm speaking against the $1.2 million for the study whether there are better used for the funding bart has been facing great challenges as their board has many of their board m

wrap your head around this being that i'm a baby boomer and grew up going to sochool just after desegregationloudoun county wanted to restrict so that the students could go to their neighborhood schools. the problem is if you have a poor area, all the poor students will go to one school. it sounded a lot like someone he had like separate but equal. >> it is separate but equal. here we go depenagain, deja vu. i like you grew up in this era when i was working with nacp, it was always the argument do you deseg gra great the neighborhoods, the community, or the schools. because once again as you said, schools are based on neighborhoods, that type of thing. >> you walked to your school. >> yeah. those days are really over. and when you take into consideration magnet school, charter schools, and what we always used to say in those days, it's not the bus, it's us. the reality is once you segregate -- what you integrate is not as if i sit next to wendy and ind learn through as know sis. you actually in-a great power, resources and responsibility. and that's really what they're trying to do. and then

the marine corps has struggled to evolve, whether it's been about desegregation for african-americans, whether it was "don't ask, don't tell" and now with the integration of women into combat roles. and i want to point out the fact that a lot of the data that jude referred to is unfortunately looking to the past. one of the things that the marine corps and the services don't always do well is take cases of success, take units where things are going well and replicate the things that are working within those units to mitigate concerns and mitigate risks. and having two tours on recruiting duty and also having been assigned to the recruit depot at paris island, the only place where we make female marines, i experienced this firsthand. what i saw when i was on recruiting twice was that the women we were recruiting were held to a lower standard when it came to the initial physical fitness requirements. they weren't always required to come to pt the way the male recruits or the male applicants were. they certainly weren't pushed to their full exertion rates the way the male applicants usua

trouble,e corps has whether it has been about desegregation for african-americans, when it was askeddon't ask don't tell, and now it is women in combat. i want to point out the fact that a lot of the data is unfortunately looking to the past. one of the things the marine corps services don't always do well is take cases of success, where things are going well, and replicating the things that are working within those units to mitigate risk. tours on recruiting duty and on the island where we recruit female marines, i experienced this first hand. what i thought recruiting was that the women were held to a lower standard when it came to the initial physical fitness requirements. they were not always required the way to male applicants were, and they were not pushed to the full exertion rates the way male applicants were. they were not relied on to fulfill leadership positions after recruiting levels the way were, and they were not required to make significant gains in their physical fitness level before going to recruit training the way the males were. so having seen that on recruiting,

. >> what does it matter if you desegregate a lunch counter but you don't havy to the money to buy the reporter: sanders has been drawing one big crowd after another, including last night's massive rally in washington square park. a sanders supporter, dr. paul song, sparked controversy as he warmed up the crowd. >> medicare for all will never happen if we continue to elect corporate democratic whores who are beholden to big pharma. >> reporter: he's married to lisa ling. he later apologized for using the word whores. the clinton campaign seized on the remark scalling on sanders to denounce it, which he did saying there's no room for language like that in our political discourse. these big sanders crowds are something of a sore subject for clinton. hers are small further but she holds a huge lead in pledge delegates and has a share of the popular vote. in the 34 states that have already had their say, clinton has won about 9.4 million votes. sanders, about 7 million. sanders took issue with last night on comedy central. >> i think that having so many southern states go first distorts re