dr. manny alvarez. a lot of concerns, perhaps expecting mothers out there.t advice do you have for folks ahead of summer? >> i think people should be concerned about mosquitos, especially in the southern part of the u.s., but you know, don't panic. we have a zika problem. there's no doubt about that. central america, the caribbean, south america for sure. we know that the mosquito has been found in many states throughout the u.s. and it's going to be a very hot summer. very wet summer. so, that you have the perfect storm for having a lot of mosquitos infestation in different parts of the country. the problem is, they must carry the zika virus and right now, we have very few cases of zika infected individuals. one of the biggest challenges that i face right now because i get this question, i'm an obgyn, so every day, i see patients in the hospital, who said listen, i just went down to the caribbean and i want to be testeded. we're not quite ready in the u.s. to be doing routine zika virus testing in a timely manner. this is a big challenge for the medical com

dr. manny alvarez with more. >> reporter: the centers for disease control and prevention says birth defects genetic disorders affect one in every 33 births in the u.s. couples now have a way to reduce their risk of passing certain >> when we do preimplantation genetic screening, we can ensure that the embryos are chromosomally normal before transferring them back and that increases the likelihood of implantation. >> reporter: fertility specialists test the genes of the parents-to-be. these results may limit the chances of an embryo from carrying a chromosomal disorder from being implanted. >> we can't fix them but we can determine which are affected by the dds and which aren't and only transfer back those that are affected. >> reporter: a diagnosis before pregnancy may sound like a designer baby but doctors say it's not the case. >> we have the technology and ability to eradicate diseases that have ravaged families for decades. they've had family members who suffered from chronic disease that's totally preventible. >> reporter: these procedures not only help limit on of diseases, but they m

dr. manny alvarez. dari: we kind of talked about this before, some have backed off of it a bit. >> it was the first time a federal panel of doctors basically is recommending, strongly recommending, that men my age, between 50 and 69, take a daily aspirin a day, especially -- the three 10's. if you have an expectation that years, two, that you have a 10 percent risk factor. in other words, you have diabetes, hypertension, you smoke, things like that, that taking 81 milligrams of aspirin is a good thing in preventing colon cancer and strokes and heart disease. i think this ties everything in. people older than 69, it's not necessarily recommended, but, you know, it still should be considered but talk to your doctor and make sure you don't have risk factors. risk factors are aspirin allergy or if you're taking other medications that are anticlotting medications or you have any risk of gastric ulcers or g.i. bleed. otherwise, it's a very good thing to consider. steve: not before 50 either. >> no. you're off

dr. manny alvarez. this is a tough one for a lot of people. >> did your parents spank you? dari: yes. >> do you love your parents? dari: yes. >> were you traumatized? dari: no. i didn't like it. >> spanking has some elements like child abuse. they looked at a bunch of studies and say it doesn't do the job. you spank a kid about something you don't want them to do, they're going to do it, and they could end up with anxiety and learning disabilities and things of this sort. steve: i sense a skeptical tone. >> i became a gynecologist from all the spanking. dari: why was i the only one put you answer that question and you answer. steve: have i been spanked? only a handful of times when i was a kid. >> look, i think that dialogue is the best way. unfortunately, there are sometimes circumstances that, you know, spanking may play a role. again, i think anybody who looks at spanking as a method to communicate with your child has to agree that it's not the right thing to do. but do i think that it traumaticizes a child forever? i don't think so. dari: there are probably different ty

dr. manny alvarez. that's good news. how does this work? >> this is huge. this is research that is being supported by the center for alzheimer's research, a foundation that supports rockefeller university, the doctor who won the nobel prize in medicine. he has a cadre of scientists that have been working in alzheimer's. we know that alzheimer's affects about 5 million people. it's a devastating disease. we don't have any cures. we're beginning to understand better the mechanisms behind the disease. we know for a fact that amyloid plaques build up in your brain, they kill off the nerve cells. that destroys the memory pathways. how the amyloid gets made is the holy grail. there's a protein we know, it's a precursor for the plaque, but how that protein functions and the pathway, everything has a protein that leads to the manufacturing of the plaque. that has never been identified and now the doctor has discovered those mechanisms of the pathways, which means that they were able to publish two huge papers, one explaining that pathway, but also explaining if you

dr. manny alvarez. >> the w.h.o.s reminding everybody because, you know, they want you to get into the groove of properly washing your hands. i call it making love to your hands. you have to make love to your hands. you have to make love. you have to sway your palms. you have to interlock your fingers. you have to rotate your thumbs. you have to make love to your hands. then you've got the technique. ( laughter ) >> stephen: yes, yes, yes, you have to make love to your hands. and if that's true, i was extremely hygenic in high school. but with all due respect to the doctor, you can't just jump right in to the "wham, bam, thank you hands." okay? if you're going to make love to your hands, you have to add a little romance to the situation. maybe start with a nice walk through the park. then you know what gets them in the mood? a little dancing. then you make love to your hands. a little of this. a little of that. once a year, on his birthday, do a little something special. and, the next day, if you feel guilty, you go

dr. manny alvarez. what are these cells? >> they make insulin. they don't make any insulin whatever. this is type 1 diabetes. a lot of folks with the disease, when they take insulin to regulate the high sugars, they get a significant drop down of the sugar completely. the lose consciousness. it's a debilitating disease. now a study is showing great progress. they're able to transplant donor isole t-cell t isolet cells. they don't end up with a hypoglycemic attack and lose consciousness. if the protocol continues, you may have total more transplantations of the cell that you will have st of an implanted cellular pancreas so people may stop taking injections. this is a huge thing sponsored by the nih. it's a trial and it's incredible so far as type 1 diabetes is concerned. very good stuff. steve: experts have said women who wait to have kids face a higher risk of complications. now good news for older moms. where do we stand on this? >> this is a bobbabooy type of study. it doesn't mean a hell of a lot. if you were born in the 1960s, imagine if you were born in the 1980s. there's more

dr. manny alvarez. the doctors have been cautious. this is basically where we figured we were going. >> the cdc has been busy. yesterday they had a press conference saying the epidemic we started with a handful of states south of the u.s. now we're up to 30 states where the mosquito is present. not only are we looking for neurological injuries in the unborn, which has been 100 percent documented that the zika virus leads to that, but m s types of diseases in adults, guillaume barre syndrome, and this is really pressing. congress is asking for $1.9 billion. the money isn't there yet. there might be a vaccine trial at the end of the year. steve: scary. how do we have no idea this was coming? >> one of the big things that happened was i think brazil held information back. there were outbreaks in brazil happening a year ago. they were holding on to the information for a long, long time, not sayre -- sharing that data. now here, they have to prove the fact that the virus is the but now we have an epidemic, a public health problem [indiscer

dr. manny alvarez. fox news medical a-team. warning and we understand this coming is going to hurt. how do i take precaution against that? >> a couple of things, two things we've learned, the mosquitos are now in 30 states in the u.s., so it's not only the southern states anymore, it's everywhere. and number two, that we have learned over the last month or so that the zika virus itself is just not the microself any that is affecting pregnant women, it also has an adult neurological component. so we're looking at diseases like an ms-like disease and gilliam barre and they're worried not about the spread, but effects to not only pregnant women, but adults. we're late to the game one more time. you know, this epidemic, if you will, or endemick that happens this brazil. all of that data was held back by the brazilians and not shared on time so now we're playing catchup. of course, congress is saying let's put $1.9 billion dollars in order to kind of, you know, get vaccines going and infection control platforms. we're dumping money.