mussolini eventually sent 80,000 ground troops to spain as well. it was an an extremely brutal civil war which, unlike most previous wars in europe, both sides deliberately targeted civilians. in territory controlled by the spanish nationalists, some 150,000 civilians were deliberately assassinated during the spanish civil war and some 20,000 afterwards. their crimes being that they had been municipal officials under the old regime, or they had belonged to a labor union, or they had voted for one of the parties that won in the 1936 elections. there was similar violence, although not quite on such a large scale -- an estimated 49,000 deaths -- among civilians in territory held by the spanish republic where a particular target was the catholic clergy. nearly 7,000 priests, monks, nuns were put to death because the church was seen as being in league with the reactionary landowners and businessmen. government of the spanish republic desperately tried to fight on as best they could. most of the army's officers had gone with franco and the nationalists,

as we here in america observed good friday -- ♪ >> mussolini invades albania!in the world. where would they stop? in a last desperate effort to avert a world war, president roosevelt sent messages to hitler and mussolini asking their promise to respect the independence of 30 free countries. to adolf hitler this message was a huge joke, as he repeated the names to a year iing ratsteig. >> liechtenstein, lux sen burg, roma romania, yugoslavia, iraq, iran, palestine -- >> this was the only answer the president received. >> seig heil! >> on september the 1st, 1939, the nazi army smashed into poland. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> england and france had a treaty with poland. would they act now? at home, we listened in suspense. >> adolf hitler's all-out attack on poland makes the long, dreaded european war a certainty. prime minister chamberlain of great britain gave the nazi dictator a zero hour for withdrawing his troops from poland. that zero hour ends now. at this time, we transfer you to london for an important announcement by the british prime minister. >> up to the very last, it w

than they initially had it was not hard to buy nietzsche and traces behind nazi philosophy and mussolini's fascist amend so lo and behold nietzsche yet again is seen as the author and visionary of what would become world war ii of course, nietzsche wrote of things that were not so hard to make him implicated. he wrote of the rise of the point beasts, which people thought took to be his celebration of the aryan race. his sick dirt-- actually was a nazi and in her closing year she welcomed hitler to the nietzsche archive, so there is a to history, so in the american imagination nietzsche really gets linked to world war ii and the entire nazi ideology. here we have the germans who didn't just wants-- want uber, but they wanted her mac race and as we know the subhuman people, which was all throughout germany during world war ii, it nietzsche was just implicated in all of this. >> host: what his reputation today and who is the anti- nietzsche philosopher? is there such a thing? >> guest: , there's plenty. i don't think they are as interesting. sure, i mean, george sontag, a thinker that we don'

all around the veterans of the army, expanding the last of mussolini's empire. no wonder the tears rolled down his cheek as he took the salute of one of our finest divisions. the bitter moment in the white house when it fell was swallowed up in the joy of the morning in tripoli. when admiral cunningham took the prime minister to visit the submarine crews in june 1943, churchill made a delightful speech. he came away with tears running down his cheeks. churchill talked about walking in the valley of the shadow of death, and in that affect the morale of submarine crews that it did not affect day. that november during the conference, one day after lunch with the president, he asked his daughter sarah to arrange for cry to go to the pyramids to see if we could get close enough to take fdr there. when it was found possible to , my fatherlose pounded into the room and said that he must simply go to see this links on the impairments. churchill turned abruptly away and said, we will wait for you

personeally see how a like mussolini or adolf hitler actually came to power. these trump supporters are sick. host: pete, think you for the call. this is a story inside the "washington post" on the hacked e-mails. a liberal group back channel advice to clinton. 2015 and thejune, political world was bracing for the supreme court to hand down a ruling on the affordable care act. that is this morning from inside the "washington post." new wikileaks. jerry is joining us on the republican line. good morning. good morning. caller: hi, how are you? host: good, thank you. caller: good. can hear you. turn the volume down on the set. caller: i just wanted to say, what does it really matter who hacks it? the point is that it is being , it is being hacked and whoever hacks it it is great. i'm just glad it is coming out. host: the u.s. should not have the russian to government, whether it is hillary clinton or donald trump e-mails? caller: not if it is exposing all this political corruption. that is the important part. host: let's going to kathy from michigan. caller: good

café culture is big here, a holdover from the days of italian colonization, when mussolini tried to rebuildbeen the most amazing experience seeing the rebirth of a country, of a people. >> anthony: i mean, last night's fireworks. there was a general sense of exuberance, bordering on anarchy. i mean, i felt very happy there last night, uh, if somewhat in peril. >> michel: yeah, well, it's christmas. it's whatever. it's the fourth of july rolled into one. but it also, there are people who are trying to stop it, sort of puritans, extremists, if you want to say, militants. and what has happened is people have come out in defiance of that. they're showing, "we want to have fun." and remember, for a long time in libya, you couldn't have fun. the biggest misconception is that the place is turning into another afghanistan and iraq, where you've got bombs go off, attacks. but it's not. as you've seen. libyans have gone through an awful time, having fought for freedom. people have died. people have struggled. and that's going to hold them together. ♪ that's why i have the spark cash card from capital

in 1935, about the time you had your first date, we read that strutting mussolini had attacked far-offg, so congress assembled to insulate us against the growing friction of war. senator hiram johnson: we want no war, we'll have no war, saving defense of our own people or our own honor. narrator: toward this end, our chosen representatives passed the neutrality act. no nation at war could buy manufactured arms or munitions from the united states. in 1936, when you were running around in jalopies, we were disturbed by news from spain. in our newsreels, we saw german and italian air forces and armies fighting in spain and wondered what they were doing there. for the first time, we saw great cities squashed flat, civilians bombed and killed. in november, 1936, the american institute of public opinion, known as the gallup poll, asked a representative cross-section of american people, "if another war develops in europe, should america take part again?" no, 95%. we, the people, had spoken. 19 out of 20 of us said "include us out." to further insulate ourselves, we added a cash and carry amen

mussolini is rearming italy. fascism is on the march. japan is marching in the far east. there are prospects for war in the future. who did macarthur keep in the army? who stayed in? george marshall. mark clark. patton. dwight eisenhower's are. collins. in other words, all of the generals. that will fight and win the second world war. he also saved research and development dollars. what is developed at this time? the m1 rifle. the thompson submachine gun. the b-17 bomber. p 40. the p 41. the thunderbolt. all started their development under macarthur. these are the weapons that will be used, the most famous ones that will be used by the american army to win the second world war. last impact of macarthur as chief of staff and one of the things he did to find jobs for these people he was maintaining, was macarthur assumed control of a conservation court. thise marshall said later was his experience with vast mobilization organized for an objective. this group created our national parks. did all of this public works. under the u.s. army. tremendous legacy. visible in our coun

at one of their regular meetings, hitler signed it to mussolini. the stooge was delighted.is people that he, too, was a conqueror. he was wrong. perhaps the uniforms fooled him. something did. for after the fascist leagueses of blitzed on one cylinder this far into greece, the greeks in a brilliantly conducted mountain campaign drove the italians back and invaded albania. hitler was enraged. but failure of his stooge to protect his southern flank was delaying the attack on russia. he sent a final ultimatum. the yugoslavs and greeks it was surrender or else. but the yugoslavs and greeks come from a long line of fighting men. nazi slavery didn't appeal to them. at dawn, on april 6th, german bombs told the yugoslavians they were at war with germany. the nazis and italians launched a powerful and coordinated attack, supported by virtually unopposed aerial bombardment. the conclusion was inevitable. although rezuftance was determined, the yugoslav army was cut up into many small segments and captured. the war in greece also began on april 6th. there, in spite of fierce and valia

who's talking about temperament and going out there and accusing donald trump of being hitler and mussolini. what kind of temperament is that. and he chose pat smith, who's son is dead today because of the hillary clinton's judgment. and right there is the argument. >> can i say something about this climate of inviting individuals to come in and watch these debates? because i think it's become such a clown show. this is not the first lady's box at the state of the union address. and i think it demeans from the process. frankly think the country would be better served if there were no audience inside for any of the debates. the ratings might not be so strong. i don't like to watch ball games and turn it on and see no crowd there. but i think it would be a step in the right direction if we stopped this process. i don't know how he helps himself by bringing barack obama's half brother. i don't know how any of these individuals are going to cause someone to say well now i'm for him. >> it is sci-ops. -- i think this whole notion of it, i agree with michael totally is sort of ridiculous. and it

more attention than anybody else, but a lot of that attention compares him either with hitler or mussolini, so study shows what our eyes see that, trump gets a lot of coverage, that his coverage is very negative, he has managed the considerable feat of getting more negative coverage than hillary clinton, who has issues in her own right, so you could make a case there is bias. i think the question is whether the traditional definitions of bias apply to such a non-traditional candidate as donald trump. >> woodruff: jim rutenberg, how do you see this? you write about this stuff frequently for the "times." >> i think i would agree with that assessment to a degree. one thing is that donald trump's candidacy has been so amazing and hazouri this -- it has this can't-look-away quality. he says things we're not used to hearing. some of the things are about appearances of women, what have you, what we heard on the "access hollywood" leaked tape of him discussing his behavior with women, the description of groping, the press is going to cover that and it's going to be negative, but it is what it is,

we failed to stop human ego, mussolini and hitler by not acting immunity and in time, eisenhower wroteay it not be thought that our nations have learned something from that lesson. to lecture winston churchill whose country fought hitler for two years before the united states entered the second world war on the appropriate lessons of history was come in my view, a shocking act of bad taste. indicates churchill did not agree that china was the real threats to stability in asia. he had begun to see america as the problem. dulles and go to london and begs with churchill, help us, join with us. the cabinet feared the america's might trigger a war in asia and if they did as eisenhower said, it would likely become a nuclear war with the chinese or the russian. russians. something the british were dead set against. and so in a very significant moment, churchill refused to support eisenhower's plan in indochina. in the american military intervention in vietnam he believed would be ineffective and would trigger a war, a much wider war and perhaps a nuclear war. churchill argued partitioned viet

. >> and john, people may remember you as it -- john yoo has said that trump reminds him of mus mussolinin and trumper -- and nixon happened to be a better actor. he kept his authoritarian personality in private, in check, on his tapes. mr. trump has put it right out there for voters, many of whom seem to be attracted to it and want to follow it. >> i must say donald trump, if given the reins of power, with we would have a whole different system. >> indeed. thank you for being here to sort of sound of warning alarms. john dean, thank you for being here. >> thank you, joy. >>> coming up at noon, donald trump's warnings about a rigged elections and what it means for his supporters if he doesn't win. >>> first a member of the central park five will be here to fight back against donald trump. more on "a.m. joy" after the break. it's easy to love your laxative... ...when that lax loves your body back. only miralax hydrates, eases, and softens to unblock naturally. so you have peace of mind from start to finish. love your laxative. miralax. >>> because this is not just a lewd conversation, this

after mussolini and hibbler tler becamei belligerent, he said, we got burned already. we don't want to be burned again. he argued for a strict neutrality act to keep america out of what looked like a european war. in that way, he was a leader in the fight with franklin roosevelt as roosevelt tried to engineer aid for great written and -- great britain and people who would become our allies against hibbler -- hitler. late in the war, vandenberg came forward and said, things have to change. ownffect, he reversed his position, and said come isolation was no longer possible for the u.s. as a global power, that we had to take leadership on the world stage or relinquish it to darker forces. and by making that shift in the last months of world war ii, he pulled a lot of american public opinion with him, and really, helped enable the changes in america's rise to leadership. who grew up in grand rapids with an interest in politics, i had always been curious about vandenberg's life. vandenberg was one of these ambitious kids. his father had a business that nearly went broke in t

ingraham: first of all, robert mentions it learned, mussolini, and stalin. let me talk and you have get your time again. this is what happens in a substantive conversation about the future of america where substance issues fade away in the background and the conversation just moves to personal attacks or the most outrageous adjectives or trump is crazy. , let mere you guffaw just say this. trump could go away tomorrow and maybe you would clap and strike up the band and i understand that. trump could go away tomorrow and the carnage left behind between established cabal in washington which is comprised of democrats and republicans, that status quo that left america behind and left the working class infuriated is still going to be there. for all of his walk down memory lane with hillary clinton, i am sure hillary clinton is a great person to know, and to date and all that but that is not relevant because for the last three decades almost she has been in public life and has almost nothing to show for it. that might sound harsh and i am sorry -- but her four yea

after mussolini and hitler became belligerent in europe, vandenberg said, we got burned ones already.on't want to be involved again. he argued for a strict neutrality act to keep america out of what looked like a european war. in that way, he was a leader in the fight with franklin roosevelt as roosevelt tried to engineer aid for great britain and people who would become our allies against hitler. late in the war, vandenberg came forward and said, things have to change. in effect, he reversed his own position, and said isolation was no longer possible for the u.s. as a global power, that we had to take leadership on the world stage or relinquish it to darker forces. and by making that shift in the last months of world war ii, he pulled a lot of american public opinion with him, and really, helped enable the changes in america's rise to leadership. as someone who grew up in grand rapids with an interest in politics, i had always been curious about vandenberg's life. vandenberg was one of these ambitious kids. his father had a business that nearly went broke in the panic of 1893, when v