there were other hazards.tantly. ♪ when culverts plugged up and ice mushroomed over the road, it had to be cleared, even at 40 below. ♪ a truck might stall in a rut or ditch, and it would be frozen fast. at many points, the grades were too steep, especially when it came icy. ♪ sanding machines worked constantly. it was impossible to keep the road safe at all times and places. even on the best sections, if drivers relax for a moment, they might find themselves in a ditch. ♪ tow cars moved up and down the highway, dragging trucks out of trouble. ♪ stations established at 100 mile intervals were manned by quartermaster troops who checked each truck as it came through. ♪ troops had to repair and service their equipment as best they could, but facilities were badly overtapped. mechanics were scarce and many trucks were deadlined for weeks at a time. ♪ at the start, troops working on the highway had only tents for living quarters. ♪ by the beginning of 1943, most of them were living in quonset huts. they could be er

the revolutionary guards were behind the repression, but the face of the repression were what were known as these teenagers that made a name for themselves in the iran/iraq war as 12 and 14-year-olds by running across minefields. the ultimate mine sweepers. so that when the minefields were cleared, the iranian soldiers could run across the minefields with no fear of being blown up. i guess their technology was not sufficiently advanced to provide them with actual mine-sweeping gear. that accounted for thousands and thousands of casualties during that war. it was just awful. so that revolution did not succeed, but it scared the ruling group very deeply. this was not really understood for quite a while, and it's never really been covered by the press. it's in academic journals sorts of thing, but it's never really received the coverage that it should have. finish because that was one of the instrumental things that led up to the, the nuclear agreement that was signed last year. the ruling class stands to lose a lot. all the mullahs that are high level that are involved in the government fr

they were organizing the women who were going to be the olympians and they were having track and field events, sponsored softball teams, they were becoming a powerhouse for women's athletics. back in the mid- 20s, the government decided that we wanted a governing body over women's athletics that actually was sponsored by women. so, they started the women's division of the national amateur athletic federation and they appointed lou henry hoover, mrsp that division. most of the other members were made up of women's physical education teachers from all across the country. they got together and said that we will do all that we can to prevent women from becoming highly competitive athletics. we don't want them to become like men. we don't want them to beat gambling. we don't want it to become invested with crime like the men's teams were supposedly back then. instead of saying let's organize a competitive division along with supplying athletics to regular women, they said, no, were outlawing competitive athletics altogether. they came out against the 1932 olympics. this is in is in 1928. th

they were convoy escorts. the british ships were older. the german u-boats were effective at sinking these things until the bantry bay squadron that into the next. if you could -- into the mix. if you could elaborate on the importance of the escort boats, these are destroyers, by the way. host: when united states got into the war, the challenge of getting the soldiers into europe. we had to build the ships first? were: some of them captured and reused. very inventive of how best to across troops safely the europe. one thing mentioned is that his grandfather was 16. that is not uncommon. was 13 when he was in world war i. he was wounded. he subsequently served in world war ii and the korean war. we were reading a letter of a young man who was writing about his father's death on a ship. he was 13 serving with his father on the ship. ships oren serving on in the infantry today, we would be more concerned about that. it happened then. udged their certificates. they found ways of serving. host: we only have a few minutes left. i don't want to l

were not good. they knew they were coming back and something had happened to them. but they were struggling with ways to make sense of that. one of the ways they made sense of that was through particular diagnoses of physical complaints. for example, a character in "mercy street" from the first episode, studied heart conditions in soldiers. we read the symptoms today and think it is a panic attack. the symptoms are rapid heart rate, tunnel vision, numbness in your face, that kind of thing. but they don't have a concept of anxiety or panic the way we do today. so he said it was a cardiac disease. but it was a cardiac disease associated with men who would seen hard service. it is complicated, because i do not want to say that post-traumatic stress disorder did not exist in the 19th century and they did not know name for it, because i think condescending to the doctors in the 19th century and how much research they did. at the same time, there is no doubt these men were scarred and they carried physica

were going after those. significant number of computer-based training modules that again, actually doesn't improve your readiness, it detracts from it. decision authority has been moved up away from squadron command which is the heartbeat of our air force. that we need to push back down and ensure that the force knows we absolutely trust themto make the decisions they need to make. looking at prescriptive regulations and asking ourselves, how many of those are actually detracting from readiness rather than enhancing it. all those things and more we are not going to start until we get it right. >> i had an opportunity to talk with 15 of your fighter pilot and it was an incredible conversation. you can see the fire in your eyes. we talked about several things and retention was one of them. you have three initiatives that are out right now. first, really caught their attention and you got them. that initiative was to reinvigorate the squadron. you touched on that a little bit and let me add a twist to it. they'

point they were being examined to identify who these individuals were. of tools andty techniques, modern technology, as well as what they found at the gray sides of the bodies in remains, they tried to do these identifications. actually moving the remains of outsidecemeteries from germany for reburial. the first field commander was the main agrc component. wherearound throughout the u.s. forces were actually conducting operations. it moved throughout west germany. had this number of units but as i mentioned because of the mobilization -- because of the mobilization -- eventually command was responsible not only for all of germany, austria, but denmark and several eastern european countries. by the fall of 1945 they started the sweeps and this continued all the way to 19 49 in west germany. by the end of the agrc period, americans had been recovered from all three zones. the french, american, and british zones. couple getting this issue further as effect the soviets tidy repatriation of soviet citizens to access in the soviet zone by american grave regist

they were almost acting as if they were never going to get the majority back. so, they were ratcheting up their actions to try and slow down the democrats from what they were trying to do at every turn. they were taking some pretty unprecedented steps. they were trying to shut down certain agencies through non-confirming enough commissioners for them. so, they were doing these tactical things that, if they thought they were going to get the majority back next year, they would not have been doing them. hand,ats, on the other were behaving as if they were never going to lose the majority. out, theyinted believed in 2013 that they were going to win the presidency in 2016. they had the sort of demographic believe that it was the destiny that they were going to keep winning. so, they both kept behaving in a manner that push them into that spot. now that they have sort of hit that trigger from 2013, they have never really recovered from it. host: from your article last week, this sentence struck me. "both parties will have completed their hypocritical march to the ot

so they were broke. so, again, she, when she was a teenager, she went off to school to become a teacher, because if a woman was smart and wanted to work, that was often what she did. but when she read a newspaper column in a local pittsburgh newspaper that called women, worki working women a monstrosity, her future changed. she wrote an angry letter to the editor of the newspaper. because she knew from her own experience and that of other women, that it was necessary for women to work, a lot of times, right? and so what were they to do? she also knew from her mother's experience, her mother, after the death of nellie's dad, her mother had married an abusive man. and that situation had not worked out. so nellie bly was really aware of some of the scary predicaments that women could get themselves into. and, and had sympathy for it. so she yet a letter wrote a let editor for that, and he was so impressed that he hired her and gave her the pen name "nellie bly." she was feisty. she gave voice to issues that

while not all dead and enslaved people were sold, many were as were free blacks and poor and marginalized blacks. it was traded, sold and used after death. i want to pause hire just for a moment to say that is the framing of the value system i am trying to explore. i did about ten years of research i want to say anything now on this session and where i came to soul value. if you are young, they don't know about the soul value but as they age they become aware of it. this is adolescent when they are recognizing their soul value. prepubescent years were tough. daughters and sons were taken from their parents as their external value increased. market scenes from their childhood make sense and haunted them for the rest of their life. at this stage, they knew others claimed ownership of them and sexual assault came at any age. however, their parents, if present, as well other kin reminded them of their spiracle value of their immortal selves. soul value which escapes calculation and develops during these years. enriched through an inner spiritual centering that facilitated survival. soul value

those were the two essential elements that they were really looking for. without going with him being able to go to the edge without having to say that he lied or committed a crime. we had a midway point that satisfied both parties, and at the end of the day i think worked very well. >> now i want to talk about the memoir before i get to the re-entry into the 1980 campaign. the memoir is widely recognized by the campaign at least among the top two or three along with grants and another one. frank, as you approached it, you're the lead on this. what was his objective with the memoir? i mean, was he thinking long-term or, get this book out the door? by the way, if they kept pulling everyone off your staff, how did you get it done? they pulled diane off and ray off and ken off. how did you get it done? >> it provided that function. it was -- he originally wanted to do two volumes, and the publisher said no, that it had to be one volume, and that watergate had to be mentioned in that first volume so that was the -- that was the decision to write a one volume b

were also moved with compassion. rallies were held in major cities. president chaired a meeting in washington dc. city, town and village to organize relief. boston had a rally. they elected a committee to raise money from ireland. a clear major theme began to emerge. peace movements throughout the western world. since the end of the war of -- they hadeties been very active during the oregon crisis we had with great britain. it seemed to some that this was an opportunity to cement relations with great britain. somebody in the audience saw a means of endearing themselves to the british for purposes of trade and commerce. -- josiaha quincy spoke to the hall in philadelphia and said come on a short time before our nation martialed for war against england. now our efforts are being used to assist her in feeding or starving children. private outpouring proved interesting but inefficient and lacking. there was seen among some the need for government action. 1847, aary 20 4, petition from a new yorker, george to k. he petitioned the navy to carry supplies to

so the jobs were filled with people who were doing work. african-americans mostly. there is lots of anecdotal evidence about, for example, the hamlet fire was a poultry fire that went a blaze and there were 25-30 people who died. there were no hispanic names. so you can look at either the government's data, the census data, or anecdotal evidence showing there wasn't a substa i substantial amount of hispanics in those states. >> host: is there a large percentage of these workers that are undocumented? >> guest: this is a hard number to get. the estimates vary. i looked at the social security administration data of no matches and theyescalate after '94. that says these are social security numbers submitted by firms which do not match existing social security numbers in the social administration and after earning files. they call those mismatches. when they get to a certain number, the social security administration sends out letters to the firm. so, the top hundred firms, there is a good representation of plants and businesses in those five states. poultry plants were

and they were individuals who were disenchanted with matters as they were in some facet. they were concerned about a stain on the american body republic, the continuance. they were deeply concerned about thewar in vietnam , but those are sort of the twin pillars in a manner of speaking. but they were also concerned about elemental issues. they were concerned about family relations and personal dealings and sexuality and consciousness and rationality . and there was this coalescing of forces, some demographic, some economic. literary and cultural, some political and in nature that melded together and provided this sort of backdrop that allowed for the counterculture of the 1960s to be as large in scope as today. there were several sparks or triggers for the counterculture of the 1960s. i think you have the backdrop of the cold war, internationally speaking and domestically, unfolding simultaneously. i think you had that feeling and that reality of alienation that i referred to earlier. i think the demographic counters came into play too. you have these large pools of young

were laughing at them because they were paying to see us. and many of them were almost like a pride of calling and where they were at home among everybody who has a difference to them. and they did feel at home there in the later years. not so in the beginning, you can tell that from the photographs alone. i was driving around with an 86-year-old woman and we're driving by where the muse family had lived and she shows me where she lives and the white street, that she walls salem avenue. you could see it was in 1900's ap how they would will live. they would walk, because the buses weren't for the kids. and there was a house with a porch, and as they walked, the woman trained their parrotsto squawk racial epithets to them. and she said pull over here, the house has long been torn down and she's telling me the way these-- imagine the hours it would have taken to train your parrot to squawkand the little n-words and this dignified lady telling me the story. and so, i just think it's important for people to know that, you know, it wasn't just sep

so we were the good guys and they were the bad guys. i believe that juxtaposition allowed for years and years of propaganda. there was a chancellor in west germany who had been a member of the nazi party. i was ideologically fully convinced that we were on the right side of history and that was the major reason i jumped in and said yes when the kgb knocked on the door. >> it is one thing to learn basic trade craft that can be taught, it's another thing to have a psychological makeup to be an undercover spy inside the united states. what of your upbringing and intelligence and everything you learned until you were recruited by the kgb may do the right person for this kind of job. >> it was a pretty tough life, we were poor but we didn't know it, there was a lot of delayed gratification involved, there was a lot of discipline. my parents were typical germans and i had to follow their rules to a t. i learned early on that nobody really cared about me so i had to take care of myself. there are a bunch of examples in the book about that. the

individuals who were disenchanted with matters as they were in some fashion, concerned about jim crow and its continuance, they were deeply concerned about the war in vietnam, two of this when pillars in a matter of speaking and they were also concerned about elemental issues, family relationships and personal dealings and sexuality and consciousness, rationality, there was this coalescing of forces, demographic, economic, literary, cultural, some political in nature that welded together and provided this backdrop allowing the counterculture of the 1960s to be as large in scope and scale is approved to be. there were several sparks or triggers to the counterculture of the 1960s, you have the backdrop of the cold war. internationally speaking, you had that feeling and reality of alienation. and demographic matters came into play, large pools of young people congregating together, off and on your college university campuses and then you had those terrible realities of racism and war. and i think that enabled a large number of young people to be receptive to different possibilities and t

know if the polish citizens were happy that the germans were there? >> i think they were happy enough. i am better they were thrilled with the germans but at the very best i think they were neutral. i don't think they had a hard time. i like this shot. it is really a nice shot. they are scuttling out here. >> a different world. >> yes indeed. a shot of a polish officer. they were very happy to fight with the germans against the russians. because the polls and germans were catholic there is that. they had to survive. >> this is being built because they destroyed the bridges? >> yes. they pretty much only destroy the bridges into warsaw. that is not this one, that comes later. there it is. it.he top right you can see there will be a couple of other shots of it as well. >> we do not know where they are going. i don't know if they are looking for shelter. see peasants in the farms. it is a disaster. here is that bridge. i am sure the russians did low up the bridges. they were trying to go in that direction. >> this is a bridge built by the germans, i gues

they were. but their internal polling was obviously askew. >> i was just going to say there are a couple of different data points. there are polls we were all looking at. most people expected hillary clinton would win because the polls said she would win. internally they do these surveys, quick horserace estions to people across the country. what they didn't have going on at the end was tracking polling, sort of traditional polling of what people are doing the last few weeks, which some people on the campaign would have believed would have been a check on the information they were getting from the other sources. host: you write about the campaign manager, quote, his obsession with control served him well but colleagues saw his self-interest coming at the cost of the candidate. he had begun to develop a reputation for caring as much about his own brand as he did about hillary getting elected. guest: one of the stories we talk about in this book is how he had responsibilities taken from him quietl

the russians were pretty rough here. maybe no worse than the germans were in belgium. i'm not going to get into who is worse. this is another city that really took it. somebody said there was only one family left in the whole city after the russians got through with it. their raining nobility and to care or supposed to take care of the area. after their own castles burned by the russians. >> you can see some of the destruction. >> may be compared with the russian army did in 1945, this is no big deal. or what the germans did in smolensk. these were incredibly powerful images, for the germans especially. it is one of the reasons they made fun hindenburg their savior of world war i. religioushim almost a figure for better or for worse. >> the battle of tandberg, hindenburg pushed the russians out of east prussia? the germans set up this tour for the correspondence to take a bad the see first how destruction has been. how theit shows russians were rebuilding and how it had not cap them down. >> look at the pile of rubble. the mentality of the central european cities that

you were there when this incident started. yes, we were.l try to set the scene a little bit for you. we are looking down onto the plas delle i2. we are looking down onto the plas delle 12. you can see the traffic going around. just beyond that, that is the champs elysees going down towards concours, most has been sealed off. just above the metro station, that is where the coordinates. it understand that attack was further down the champs elysees than that. where we were standing, we were about to broadcast at 8:50pm and we got scenes like this, police cars flying past us, one almost took at a pedestrian, and they were coming from all directions. it was clear the warning had gone out on police radios, ambulances were coming down here, and right now we're watching the helicopter, which is making its way up helicopter, which is making its way up and down the champs elysees. and on the underground pass, we had armed police officers here, and we have had armed police officers at the end of each street. ice but one of them who was veryjumpy indee

were you prepared to open fire on fellow american soldiers? yeah. you were?, i thought, well, you're gonna spend the rest of your life injail. i thank god to this day and a lot of days in between that everybody played it cool and nobody started shooting, ‘cause i'd really hate to have that on my conscience. but it was somethin — we didn't volunteer to do, it was the only way out and i felt we had to take it. you said in one of the reports that a lot of the girls didn't scream too much because they had already had their tongues cut out. a bayonet can kill two real quick if they are pregnant. this is bestiality on an unbelievable scale, isn't it? there was a lot of bad things going on. somebody, i guess, who was actually lucky that day was one who just took a round right through the brain. because there was a lot of evil. how do you carry around the memory of that for 36 years? went for a long time just... didn't say anything. and most of the time i'm thinking about it now, i'm talking to a class of students and if...if i can reach one person in that class and

a year later they were married.y life and to my future. gerda has since spent her life telling the world of what she witnessed. she, like the survivors, were among us today, has dedicated her life to shining a light of hope through the dark of night. your courage strengthens us. your voices inspire us, and your stories remind us that we must never ever shrink away from telling the truth about evil in our time. evil is always seeking to wage war against the innocent and to destroy all that is good and beautiful about our common humanity. evil can only thrive in darkness. what you have brought us today is so much more powerful than evil. you have brought us hope, hope that love will conquer hatred, that right will defy defeat wrong and peace will rise from the ashes of war. each survivor here today is a beacon of light, and it only takes one light to illuminate even the darkest space. just like it takes only one truth to crush a thousand lives, and one hero to change the course of history. we know that in the end good

as you can see, these were all the original lies that were sold in the 1680s. so this site has been intensely. >> so this is where the blue shows where there was regular basements under the 19th century buildings and the green shows where they were double basements, subbasements. so those were particularly deep hole that had been dug where there use to be. and, of course, we didn't know whether once we do the archeology here, whether those deep basements would have destroyed everything that was in the backyards, and of course, it's the backyards that we, especially, holes that are dug in the backyards for wells and sister and pretty holes that we were looking for. urban archeology. it's those deep, what we call features that produce the assemblages of artifacts and the whole purpose is to be able to tell stories of the people who lived near over time. >> in a complex urban site like this where you've had all these different campaigns of building and tearing down, basements being dug and build and dug again, it was interesting to me to see that even in places wh

these remarks that the phillies were shouting, were not just calling him names, but they were suggesting that he would give his teammates diseases or rape the wives of the other players. things that were insidious and touched on a nerve that was very sensitive at the time when you look at segregation and what some of those issues were and the hot button issues for whites. the ballplayers know it. chapman knew it was especially vicious. some cities i think it was other -- southern crowds. in other cities jackie robinson was very well received. youre second question was about larry dolby. i was surprised he makes his debut with the cleveland indians and becomes the first african american player in the american league. but he had a much harder time that first year. one of the things that branch rickey did is that he brought robinson along slowly. gave him a year in minor-league to prepare. came in cold. one day he is playing in the negro leagues, and the next day he is playing for the indians in the big leagues. that is a tough transition for anybody to make. on top of that the indians did

so folks that were living here were part of this atlantic world. they were connected. to the rest of the british empire. what we're looking at here is a model of 1860's wilmington, the water front. this side is downtown wilmington today. the other side is eagles island. which is where the battleship is now. but used to have industrial stuff on it. this is one of the main pieces in our 19th century gallery. in the 1830's, wilmington became the biggest city in north carolina. in part because of the commerce that was going on here. and also the city was an early adopter of the railroad. so it was a big center of commerce and trade. this gives you a sense of kind of the range of different kinds of shipping that was coming in, but also sort of the bustling port city nature of wilmington in the 19th century period. efore the civil war. >> it's a small colonial outpost. it's five blocks by four blocks. this side would have been the outskirts of town. anything above us would have been the wilderness. and it was kind of a seedy little town. a lot of sailors coming in and out. b

and so they were really propaganda but they were also social directives. they wanted you to save food, they wanted you to give money to the government for the war effort, and they wanted you to become part of the war. and it really was at the beginning of the war it really was a struggle. people think that everybody in the united states was ra, ra, let's go to war and it didn't occur that are way. and so the committee on public information really usesed the posters which were the social media of the day as their beating drum. they couldn't have dig bands every place and all that, so they had posters. and this was really an important part of their effort. >> where would people see these posters? >> well, they would see the recruiting posters, of course, in the place where's they were recruiting men and women for service into the war. they would be plastered on barns, they would be in caves, they would be in libraries,ny where i that people gathered, anywhere that someone could pass buy and see this and they would impress their importance on them. the ones w

they were bipartisan movements that were eventually codified into law. what does that tell us about the possibility of seeing an amendment to the constitution today? joshua: i think the similarities then and now to today, it is a period of incredible political engagement. it was also confusing when you have ideological blocs that will coalesce together with their convenient, and they will coalesce against each other when it is convenient. i think there is a story about a article from 30 years ago saying, was there even a progressive movement? did it exist? you had people in favor of prohibition on one day, working with eugenicists on a different set of issues. the next day they would be battling each other on immigration. it was a kind of ideological coalition building block type of world. i think we are sharply polarized today. to some extent, if the sanders and trump phenomenon shows us anything, it is driven by ideological questions that do not necessarily match up neatly to partisan politics. and so the question is, does that lend itself to lawmaking

on the plane and discovered there were not enough seats, they were told to leave. they were entitled to substantial compensation and they could get a rival airline to their final destination paid for by easyjet in this incident under eu compensation rules. human errors can read league two reputational issue. again it is being on a plane and not having a seat. last week with united airlines they had to get a cruise on and that is why they were asking people to get off. here it is something to do with the system, the seats were reallocated because they had not booked in online? airlines oversell seats. it is a question of by how many? for nearly every flight there is somebody who cannot make it, turns up late, or whatever, so the oversell by a few seats. in this insta nce oversell by a few seats. in this instance it was human error, they should not have been issued the boarding pass. to be clear, under the rules as they currently exist, it does not matter how cheap your ticket is or how expensive, you still have those same basic rights? you are protected, this is an

, which were very deep. that is what i am going to argue the unique feature about detroit, and influenced the nature of the rebellion in detroit. thethe rebellion during 1960's -- before the rebellion, journalists looking at the detroit also thought there was something that sets the city apart. the national press raised -- to try to come calling in a model city for its progressive race relations. that assessment was based on the biracial coalition of liberals that throughout one mayor for targeting african-americans and his war on crime -- and floated in another mayor. , a city councilman at the time and a longtime activist, said wait a minute. warning the public, not to take too much and make too much of the quote, bright, attractive, well publicized face of the biracial liberal alliance with the new mayor. serious dangers he warned, lurked beneath the surface where they could not be readily seen. kind of like the other 9/10 of an iceberg. danger, the on one influence the raised expectations had on a genera

we were petrified to say the least. excited, exhilarated, did not know what we were going to encounter. we were first of all delighted they let us in. [laughter] i was more worried about mike than myself. we go through the gates and are walking up and look at the white house and it is all lit up. the cameramen who are around this place, one of the cameramen yelled out welcome to the white house. we burst into tears very -- into tears. if you had asked me growing up what were the chances of my ever working in the white house, even knowing or meeting the president of the united states, i would have been stunned. that first day was overwhelming. the parade was going on in front of the white house. mike and i were trying to figure out where the bathrooms were. >> had you ever been in the white house before that day? valerie: i had been in there to other times. i was invited as a guest when president clinton was president. i had certainly not been around the way we explored and discovered it over the eight years we were ther

other three were right there.at could have turned his guns on them too but he realized i've got a badge on, i've got a responsibility even though my brother is dead right here you rest them, put them in jail. and that was again a turning point, there wasn't going to be murder in dodge city even though he thought it was justified. so bat and wyatt had each other's back. one of the things about dodge city they found out that day, it was ground zero. people from all over the frontier had some kind of connection passing through, a connection so that's why you will find in the book there are detours through buffalo bill cody,billy the kid, bell star . the famous outlaws, you might want to go on and he had a very memorable entrance to dodge city. that was talked about for years. john wesley hardin, theodore roosevelt makes an appearance in the book. and the time when both back and wyatt, basically they said our job is done here. i can't, dr young men, they still want to go out and make more of themselves in the world, w

so who were they? well, the overwhelming majority came from edge langland and ger and ireland and scandinavia. most were in fact young menace linco -- men, as lincoln was alluding to. between the ages of 18 and 40. they were opening up in the industries. and here pay for laborers was up to four times higher than in europe. commander in chief, one in ten immigrants, one in ten, joined the union military as soon as they arrived. by lincoln's optimistic calculation, the result, with black enlistment factored in and even with the ted and wounded, captured missing subtracted was a net gain for the union, for the country, at large and a quarter more million immigrants would arrive in lincoln's final year, 1865. let's get one thing straight. lincoln did not favor what we would call open borders. in fact, in that same annual message, it's extraordinary, he expressed concern about our border. he thought it was too porous. the polar opposite of the sensitive entry point today, with canada. he said i have no doub

how many of us were killed with dynamite? how many of us were killed with a fully automatic weapon? the thing is, it did not take them out of circulation where they were there, but those things become collectors items, museum pieces, and gradually they come out, they are not a weapon of choice. what i would say to amplify upon this entry come down to the present in the way, when -- upon this, and we come down to the present in this way, when planes were used, what did we do? we reinforced the cockpit doors. our faa said you must have two people in the cockpit. german airways went cheap. you only need one person in the cockpit. it cost 150 people their lives. now they are going to have two. when we had a fertilizer bomb with someone who was not a farmer, now you have to be a farmer to buy five tons of fertilizer. what we have done always is we have responded. when we see these technologies used for the various purposes, havey to make it to people a legitimate reason to use these has full access and people who do not have legitimate reasons to have access, do not have them. bill: but

his arms were crossed.ven if the yelling having been audible through the walls of the hotel, it was clear he was in a foul mood. his eyes were fixed on paul. if if there's ever a time to make sure i know my ship, this is it. bill fired questions at him. what still outstanding in polk county. what what about johnson county? about cedar rapids? paul walked bill through the states and where results hadn't been reported county by county. slowly his anger subsided. even if his anxiety didn't. hillary had gotten out to a lead consistent with where her team thought she would be heading into caucus night. she was up a handful of points. sanders was slowly closing in on her. after paul briefed bill, the men repeated their conversation in a room where hillary's team was assessing the situation. even in front of the others, billboard down on paul. one person noted a market shift with his personality. usually when you are with him, he is a story teller. on this this night he was just an information gatherer. he wanted

some were pop records, some were called race records because they were by black artists. ♪ oh maybellinene why can't you be true ♪ >> the level of influence that american rock and roll, blues, country and western, motown had on those kids growing up in england was really amazing. ♪ all my love, all my kisses, you don't know what you've been missing, oh, boy ♪ ♪ when you're with me, oh, boy >> so, i would listen to buddy holly and gene vincent and jerry lee lewis, fats domino, all of the great rock 'n' rollers. ♪ on blueberry hill >> it was like a new language for us. >> the power of the jukebox, there's nothing quite like it. ♪ my dream came true >> the beatles took a bunch of those strains, the everly brothers from the '50s was a big influence for them with the harmonies. ♪ wake up, little susie, wake up ♪ ♪ wake up little susie wake up >> so the beatles from liverpool are taking this pop sound but putting their own spin on it. ♪ >> what is the sound? how does it differ from other rock 'n' roll and pop? >> it just happened that, all of a sudden, hundreds of rock groups all from liverpoo

spicer: the actions that were taken were clearly against the assad regime. i will not say more than that. i know secretary tillerson noted last night with respect to russia, with respect to the area of operation, they let them know because we are both operating there, but beyond that there was no political contact made with moscow. reporter: you talk about the evolution of the last 72 hours. could you give a little bit of the president's thinking and how we saw publicly the statements he were made became more taken about -- taken aback by the image recently -- [indiscernible] can you talk to us privately about what his action was at the beginning, how that evolved, how he got from point a to point b? sec. spicer: number one, i think the president's comments he made in the rose garden explained pretty well. with respect to the discussed he had with the imagery he was seeing and the assessments his team was providing with respect to the innocent lives, especially the children and babies killed. obviously chemicals have been used by assad in the past. in his fi

>> were doing a lot of the same things that were doing on the pilot force. one of the things were working hard at is one, how do we bring more maintainers in? there's a fundamental math challenge in maintaining maintainers. when we were fine and young, think about this, we'd show up at aircraft and there'd be to critique dedicated and then we'd taxi to the runway and there'd be a different team doing last chance pull up tens and we take off to our fire another location and there'd be a crew crew there waiting for us. today, the taxi slow is the same single crew chief has to get to the runway and then fly slow because that crew chief as to get into another plane and fly to the other destination. this is a massive problem. if you go back and look at the stats, did did you take off in time, and did you do that on the backs of the young women who were out there turning wrenches and doing the incredible work on these older airplanes. we have to get more people and get that cultural family approach to this business. the other thing that i want to be uick on this h

were you aware of the behavior of your other shariaen colleagues were were bragging to their friendst home about shooting people in the face and cutting people's heads off? >> they're young people. >> meaning? >> who wouldn't? if you're executing somebody or you're killing somebody on the battlefield, keep it for yourself and allah because you're doing it for him. >> but what were they doing cutting people's heads off in the first place or shooting people in the face? >> i have to ask them. i am not responsible for what they did. >> he deflects criticism of isis brutality by pointing to way american soldiers photograph themselves, urinating on dead taliban fighters in afghanistan. >> it's also bragging. >> yeah, but we condem that. we say that's wrong. >> we condem that in front of our god. >> after two months in syria he returned home to see his wif and children, an isis soldier back on the streets of belgium. >> and i'm doing whatever i can to spread out the word of islam. that's my goal. >> nonviolenty, he says. >> not every muslim with an ideology is a terrorist or a potential ti

to vote for men -- were men. that was the audience, and so they practiced discipline in these parades. everyone wore white with sashes identifying which group they were and they were massive and they made a statement. britain,n the u.s. and this is the first time we saw large cross class participation and cooperation in a movement. >> i don't know if it was the first. you might argue the revolution provided some of that, but i do know that it was rare. as an unusual p eriod where each group was deeply aware of the other, and conceded to them a role in the movement. there was also great resentment among some working-class toward because there was some feeling that they were just classes andboring that they would drop them as soon as they got the vote, that their motives were to gain the power of their class that had been denied them because of their gender and that once they had achieved that power, once they got the vote, they would no longer care about working-class issues. there was tension, but you see it in t

even if we were not conscious of it that is what we were doing. the vicars, the people who won presidentialal races have been people who managed to most effectively sinnenergize what i going on. if you can find the candidate who is most eye grabbing and gives the most away to rich businessman that is what your major party candidate looked like typically. after a while, reporters got a six sense of what that thing was and we have a world for it. we call it electability. what we mean is we are looking for somebody who has a moshl interest on the other hand. these imperatives sort of exclude certain types of politicians automatically and rule out people who don't have the right look for television. people like dennis kusinich and people who are too earnest about politi politics. as a reporter with the whole reporter of electability, it is kind of like the goldie lock stories. you are looking for the porridge that is just wrong. not too boring or not too interesting and not too ideological but not too shallow at the same time. i will get to that in a

we've had people that were incompetent, people that were lost in power.ve had people, presidency didn't know when to say no, not say no to the plumbers or to watergate. but also other presidents who did not know when to say no. but i don't think -- it is a long way saying that reagan did the best he can wear that he could with the middle east. i think results with incomplete. but most presidents since the 40s, the results, really corner, they are still in force today. you may be quarter probably have the greatest success of any president in the middle east. >> i appreciate your not characterizing -- a lot of people look at him as evil. >> no. you have to realize what washington was like in that time. can you imagine going to work every morning trying to walk over thousands of protesters defecating, swearing, throwing bags of urine that staffers were just trying to do their job and trying to the white house to work for the president. washington, it was, there was, the student protesters are out of control. and it didn't just start with him by the way. it s

what i had heard was they were buried in a mass -- the remains of the eight mexicans were buried in a mass grave. the remains of all 28 mexican passengers were shoved into a humongous hole in the ground and unmarked for 70 years. there was a small placard but it was anonymous. it just said 28 mexican nationals who died in a plane here. i wanted to find out who they were. i went to the hall of records and it told me the death certificate you had to be related to them and we can only give you information for your relatives. i went back to the church, the diocese in fresno and said do you have a list of names. they said will look. when they came back to me the cemetery director gave me a small catalog and said i'm sorry to show you we found the file and were supposed to have their names in 28 slot but it just call them mexican nationals. that's the cover of the book here. i went to the hall of records and you denying me access, you all have official business. you buried them. he goes over them in two weeks later called me i have a list of names. he gave me the list. there were glaring er

they will run and were celebrated for having done that. it was a blueprint about how that happened and how the organization organized itself of they did what they did is an amazing story. it is already been replicated with the pro-democracy movement moscow uses the story and underground screenings for a uh documentary discussing strategy and coherence manhattan to get to the end goal and has been incorporated into the black lives matter now we find ourselves with the frightening challenge ahead of us on some in levels in his those activists that are organizing so much of that movement to resist what is happening in a resistance group joining the hundred people every week to talk about what what to do and how to do that into steven dawn of shoulders of the movement said to have that former of activism to be ready and trained of civil disobedience to perform may have and ferment chaos and scare people and scare the right people to allow that small elite group not through those victories i said a activist can claim they were never invited the

covered incs were the united states press. thatage activists feared those tactics would alienate the voters they were trying to attract. they shunned the violence. "suffrageed the label ." many of these groups took up names like "equal franchise ecause they thought the term suffrage was weighted with violence. it was just a reading of public appetite. >> what were some of the challenges you faced researching this topic? went to 16-17 libraries or archives around the country looking for the footprints of american suffragists. letters and so forth. i also did a database of their interests. i looked at the clubs they andng to, the religions political parties they were affiliated with. when they were born, the source of their money. i'm talking about the elite women. and, i suppose my greatest sometimes it, would take me all day, a single day to unearth the identity of a woman by finding her first name because the newspapers of the day always routinely refer to mrs. somebody else." had learned the identity of a woman, i felt i had

were only two were present. it got the president to sign. they were rather a grand figure. the final solution was kidnapped. what he said very clearly was we will have one technique is the same word for rocking cradle in hebrew, you can rock a person you can shake them not by the lapels even because of too much whiplash. and the only time you can do that is when you have a suspect in custody revoke moral certainty that that person has information that you need and more certainty that there is a bomb -- bomb plot underway. it's very rare event. secret interrupt a ticking bomb and save lives. the only time you enhance the techniques is then. and then in the question and answer that followed unbelievably so trained in the keeping of information was asked what about this. do we hear. it's shaken so severely that he suffered a hemorrhage. he died at lake shaken baby syndrome. he said this cannot be that technique because we've used it in 8,000 cases and only had one death and everybody said, 8,000? the jack bauer's s