with russia with the disappearance of the state altogether, the same in former czechoslovakia, yugoslavia and so on. so, you had these dramatic political changes that affected citizens. the question was, how do ordinary citizens cope with th that. in the early years the question also was, to what extent can citizens learn, citizens have spent their entire lives under communist system with a socialist economy, how can they learn to become democratic citizens and to be effective participants in market economies? along the way, russia and other states turn from what appeared to be democratic transitions back to a different form of authoritarian or semi authoritarianism, and then the question became what happens to the citizens who were freed from authoritarian regimes thought they might be developing towards a democratic system, and suddenly find themselves, at least slipping backwards into something quite different from the past, but also quite different from what their democratic expectations may have been. and we chose to write that book on russia because it's changes were the most obviou

always believe that it was possible to make a deal with western countries, and avoid the bombing of yugoslaviapolicy of having a greater serbia at any cost, which is what the west says about him? that is how his policy was seen in the west, wasn't it? but he started off by supporting radovan karadzic and ratko mladic, didn't he? he supported them and he helped them with funds. he has admitted to that. so why did he fall out with karadzic and mladic? why did he stop supporting them? mrs markovic, what do you say to those people who don't accept your truth? who look at the trail of blood across the balkans over the last few years, look at the mass murders, the forced deportations, the rape, the torture and don't believe you, what do you say to those people who don't believe you? the west is responsible for all the bodies, mrs markovic — no, isn't the west responsible? mrs markovic, don't you accept any responsibility? so the west is responsible for the mass graves, the the west is responsible for the places of internment and torture, the west is responsible for the rape, the west is responsible

liquidating this or that authoritarian leader for the sake of removing the former president of yugoslaviared on the loss of rich, and the war in central europe in 1999 which was the greatest violation of un status, they bombed the tv centre which is a military crime. by any way of interpreting the geneva convention, residential quarters. the chinese embassy was attacked, bridges and passenger trains for almost three months the bombing continued. and as a result when the ammunition and the targets eve n a result when the ammunition and the targets even remotely would be attributed as a double standard. then they started talking of the un security council, another dictator, saddam hussein, who was hanged after the intrusion, we all know how this intrusion was justified under tony blair. i think he's the only politician who publicly repented. but the dossier was fake and what is now happening in iraq, you know better than i do. then it was gaddafi, his turn and people were saying this was a politician that should not be governing and look at what is happening now in libya, it isa what is hap

president clinton was watching, and you yugoslavia, all these places where genocide occurred, in many cases in order to stop the genocide, in order to stop these atrocities against our fellow man, we had to break international law. these were instances in which the united states was not directly impacted,and,ou know, again that doesn't -- there's a moral compass here. clearly you look at those videos, and we had to do something. so i will say that thatsomethins this. the russian response, there's not going to do anything. they're not going to escalate. i don't think this really changes anything. i don't think the russians are going to leave syria anytime soon. they clearly want to stick around. this is an important strategic asset for them. they want to be in the middle east, so i don't think it changes all that much. they're just going to send some messaging out and probably in a week or so, it's business as usual. >> let me ask you about iran. obviously they have a great stake in what is happening tonight and certainly with the assad regime. give us your assessment or your analysis

milosevic‘s wife, who was a serial denier about the ethnic cleansing that had taken place in the former yugoslaviaor being with us on the programme. no, i'm asking questions that are of interest to the public. you reminded me of one another rather wonderful moment in my hardtalk career when i did an interview with former nigerian president 0basanjo and it was again quite a contentious interview and of course human rights and corruption were two topics that came up in the interview, and i'm sure that was no surprise to him, but we gathered a lot of evidence, spoken to a lot of people and it was seen as quite a forensic test of his record when he was in power. at the end of the interview, we did the usual handshake, because as we all know the handshake happens on hardtalk, and as the credits rolled and the lights dimmed in the studio, he looked at me and through gritted teeth said, "stephen, tomorrow you'll be hearing from my lawyers." a wonderful way a man, clearly not in power any more, felt there was some sort of aura around him and some sort of intimidation tactic he could apply. i met him, form

the first time that war had come back into the european continent with the breakup of the former yugoslavia and also in africa in the same period of the 1980s and 1990s and one small bit of hope is that uptick from 1939 for about 30 years, the rise in the number of civil wars at the same time that there was a notable decrease of the number of wars between the states. what we are seeing right now, in the last two to the three years is a downturn in the number of civil wars itselves, and whether that the trend is going to continue, no one can be sure, but the sri lan can civil war which has been going on for 25 years end eded a few years and colombian civil war going on for more than 50 years has been finally ended by a peace accord. so we have seen destructive and very difficult conflicts coming to a conclusion around the world, and maybe the trendline is a little bit more positive and we are seeing the end of wars within states, and announcing the ends of wars within the states as well. >> and let me ask you a question, because every no and then, and you are the expert here, but there are t

fixated on eliminating this or that dictator or totalitarian leader in order to oust, president of yugoslavia, nato war in 1999 and gross violation of the un charter as well as the health final. the station was formed, which incidentally has a crime, however, interprets the geneva convention, residential areas were shelled. the chinese embassy was also attacked. civil trains and bridges were bombed. the shelling went on for three months. and then they ran out of targets that could be qualified as double use facilities. there was another dictator, saddam hussein who was handing after the invasion, we know how this invasion was justified. since that, i think tony blare was the only one to repent publicly admitting that it had been a fake. all the grounds for the iraq invasion. there was another one, khadaf khadafy. it happened that there was no place for this dictator in the country. it was served that democracy would prevail, but we know full well what is happening in libya right now. the libyan statehood has all but none existence. our president talked about that yesterday. right now we're go

we insisted yugoslavia emerge as a unitary state, people would be fighting there today.t makes no sense for anyone to of syriate the future in which there is one syrian state. why? as long as it's one syria, it will always be a zero-sum struggle for power. it will be one side winning and the other side losing. that needn't be the case in syria. you could have an alawite state centered around the coastal cities, kurdish lands could end up -- charlie: led by bashar al-assad? bret: all allied states led by anyone other than bashar al-assad. that should be a condition. you should be able to take part of the kurdish areas and create another autonomous zone , as we protected the kurds in northern iraq, all thanks to a no-fly zone, thanks to american limited military intervention. charlie: that is a long-term solution. but you seem to agree with general mattis, the first star get -- the first target is to eliminate isis. is evil incarnate, but it is not the kind of strategic threat to the united states or our allies in the region that assad is or will be if he remains in power

and, by the way, when we came up against milosevic in the former yugoslavia and against hussein in iraq and also bashar in sudan, we're coming up against soviet and russian weapons systems, from their air defenses, to their tanks, to their rifles. they're all provided by russia and the soviet union. so the bad guys, who are not democratic, are backed by russia, and armed by russia. and when we go to knock out dictators that bring democracy, the russians are always there to trip up the freedom loving people of the world, the democracy seeking people of the world. >> melissa: mary anne, president trump was not tough with 59 tomahawk missiles? >> no. as i said monday morning on this network, the fact is that airport was up and running faster than delta. that's the problem here. you add to the fact that russia had soldiers on that base and they're either unwilling or also unable to say what they saw there and knew what was going on there. that's just impossible to believe. so at every turn russia is somehow involved. yet nobody, seemingly, in the united states government, including the peop

story in the book i am watching a briefing in europe in 1993 and '94 but the war in bosnia with yugoslavia uh disintegrating with a comfortable civilization so i have the navy lt. just with all the fighting and then there is a lull of the little town south of sarajevo. there is a lot of fighting going on and the general says who is fighting he said is the muslims and serbs who was on the offensive? they have the upper hand yes they do how far will they go? that is the river then goes to the center of town and the general says is the good defensive line? it will drop off tedder 15 meters that is a good line to hold. so the dividing line between catholicism with the roman catholics what a great response. very often they don't see things in the deep historical context so we go into places without that appreciation the tendency is to roll up our sleeves to say what's the problem with the better question is what is the story? so not just the history of the agency but the target to have a richer future share but did you tell one story in the book after the failure of iraq we had a senior executi

if we had insisted that yugoslavia emerge from its wars as a unitary state, w- probably would be fighting there or people would be fighting there today. it makes no sense for anyone to contemplate a future of syria in which there's one syrian state. why? because as long as it's just one syria, it will always be a zero-sum struggle for power. it will be one side winning and the other side losing. that needn't be the case in syria. there is a perfectly credible case that, in a messy way, you could have an alawite state centered and the coasting cities, the me mediterranean she of syria. >> rose: assad led -- alawite state led by bashar al-assad. >> led by any other than bashar al-assad or the assad family, that ought to be a condition. you should be able to take part of the kurdish areas and create another autonomous zone protected as we protected the kurds in northern iraq, by the way the most successful experiment in nation building in the middle east, all thanks to a "no fly" zone, all thanks to american limited but decisive american military intervention. >> rose: that's a long-term sol

the dictator of yugoslavia act and the u.n. resolutions. they bombed a tb center, which is a violation of all geneva conventions -- tv center. the embassy of china was attacked. trains, passenger almost three months, these bombings continued and only when finishedmmunitions come of they'd run out of -- andshed, they'd run out they moved on to the dual use ammunition, only then, they referred to the security council. another example, saddam hussein was hanged. why did it happen? only tony blair confessed --licly that it was fake everyone remembers what happened in iraq and everyone knows what is happening now. gaddafi -- muammar statements were made that this dictator should not be in this country, that democracy should rule. we all know what is happening in isya, the statehood of libya under a big question mark. the president of the russian federation spoke to the president of italy about it. we want to move to stop the situation of this country being illegalnto a channel of migration as well as a slave trade. your colleague from the media

clinton says he will concentrate on domestic issues, but he also inherits the problems of the former yugoslaviadates, that's more than ever before and the princess is in intensive care. her reported injuries are concussion, a broken arm and serious cuts to her thigh. there are however reports that her condition is grave. there are no special ceremonies. there are no special ceremonies. there isn't much being said about this at all on the streets. people are going about their normal business. it is another phase in what has been describe as the normalisation of northern ireland. hello good afternoon. the conservatives say they plan to end inheritance tax on family homes worth up to £1 million if they win the election. welcome to dateline. this week, how does the world react to the shoutth shooting down of the malaysian airliner. hang on a second, i think we're hearing news here. it's a girl! the duchess of cambridge has safely delivered a daughter we're hearing at 8.3liam this morning. that's coming from kensington palace. this is coming from the pa news agency which has been told by the palace,

mike was a naval aviator with service in iraq and yugoslavia. got out went to law school. was the 113th president of the harvard law review. left there and clerked for steven breyer on the supreme court. went from there and was an assistant u.s. attorney for the eastern district of virginia. went from there to the wmd commission where he got involved in things like how should we restructure the fbi and something called the national security branch. so you see some interesting parallels between some careers. i just want to share that with you. and also to say with the sort of background that we know we get with our zrekter -- director of the fbi and with mike, we are very lucky to have people like that that want to serve. so thank you both. [ applause ] and i just wish that when we stood up my head was parallel to jim's. no such luck at 5'10". well, jim, first of all thank you for those comments. and i think all of us really do owe you and i would ask a round of applause for an american public servant who has been through -- has had an incredible career and has been in the

macedonia once part of yugoslavia has been unable to form a government for several months. >>> federalning about a deadly super bug. a fungus infecting people in hospitals across the country. adrienne bankert has the details. >> reporter: the cdc is calling this deadly super bug, a global health threat. officials reporting 61 cases in hospitals in six states since 2013. most patients in new york and new jersey. >> when you have an organism spread person to person, causes severe infections can develop resistance, now that is a real concerning type of infection. >> reporter: like antibiotic resistant bacteria this rare strain of yeast is resistant to all three major anti-fungal medications. 60% of people infected around the world have died. hospital patients, especially those in intensive care are most vulnerable. >> the primary risk is to the hospitalized patient who has tubes. who has catheters, central lines, things that allow the fungus to get into the body. >> reporter: the fungus can survive for weeks on hospital beds and months on the skin. doctors say the bug is difficult to dete

this, in order to oust slobodan milosevic, president of yugoslavia, nato -- launched a war in 1999 and gross violation of the u.n. charters as well as t housinky and presidential areas shelled, chinese embassy was also attacked, civil trains and bridges were bombed. the shelling went on for three months. and then they run out of targets that could be qualified as double, dual use facilities. there was another dictator, saddam hussein, who was hanged after the invasion we know how this invasion was justified. since that, i think tony blair was the only one to repent publicly, admitting it had been a fake, all the grounds for the iraq invasion. there was another when omar gadhafi. it has been said there was no place for this dictator and his country it was said that democracy would prevail, but we know full well what has happened in libya right now. the libyan statehood has all but non-existent. our president talked about that yesterday with the italian president. right now we're trying to restore the libyan statehood through the presence of reconciliation. we're trying to put an end to

one, call for an international t tribunal like we had in yugoslavia. i think we can get russia to cooperate because russia has a sunni muslim population. i mean, they have to be careful with being too closely associated with assad's attacks and i think we need to support countries like germany that have universal jurisdiction and can prosecute war crimes and finally, now that the president seems to have some compassion for the children and civilians in syria, we ought to be providing humanitarian aid for the refugees. the 2 million refugees that are in turkey and taking more refugees. >> yeah. >> but i think we ought to work towards a peaceful solution and helping the civilians. >> i want to let you react to rex tillerson, the secretary of state on abc's "this week." this is just in the past hour him taking about our posture toward syria. take a listen. >> the strike was a message to basharl assad that your multiple violations of your agreements at the u.n., your agreements under the chemical weapons charter back in 2013, that those would not go withou

we saw in the case of yugoslavia if you declare a safe zone but can't protect it it can become a killingfield. i don't think we can defend safe zones entirely from the air alone or putting american on the ground in that capacity is a good idea. that is why i said earlier we need to think in terms of the big strategic picture here. i don't think syria and iraq, they can be put back together, you have a lot of political and diplomatic work, as the news closes around isis and it is destroyed we cannot think of syria, and that is what is at stake. dagen: you look at this is the first step toward closing the noose around isis. >> it is not related to isis but the point is, when we defeat isis, the president's committed, we don't want iran and assad and the baghdad government strengthens, that strengthens them for the next conflict. and the constitutional argument by senator paul which is nothing less silly. the president of the united they can use military force in national security interests, perfectly constitutional, it has been settled since because i war with france in 1798. syria was par

mike was a naval aviator with service in iraq and yugoslavia. got out went to law school. was the 113th president of the harvard law review. left there and clerked for steven breyer on the supreme court. went from there and was an assistant u.s. attorney for the eastern district of virginia. went from there to the wmd commission where he got involved in things like how should we restructure the fbi and something called the national security branch. so you see some interesting parallels between some careers. i just want to share that with you. and also to say with the sort of background that we know we get with our zrekter -- director of the fbi and with mike, we are very lucky to have people like that that want to serve. so thank you both. [ applause ] and i just wish that when we stood up my head was parallel to jim's. no such luck at 5'10". well, jim, first of all thank you for those comments. and i think all of us really do owe you and i would ask a round of applause for an american public servant who has been through -- has had an incredible career and has been in the