correspondent: the couple live in the small town of astaneh ashrafieh in the north of iran, situated the province of gilan on the caspian sea. it's an area where religion and tradition still play and important role. -- an important role. the hosseinpours have invited their entire family for a visit. none of them know that the couple have undergone ivf, far away from home, in the capital tehran. faith in god is one thing, faith in modern medicine another. the large sign on the facade of the avicenna infertility clinic belies the fact that ivf is not widely talked about in the islamic republic, even though supreme leader ayatollah ali khamenei issued a fatwa providing religious sanction for the process a few years ago. the clinic serves around 12,000 couples every year. there are such 70 clinics throughout the islamic republic. for more and more iranians, ivf is the only way to have a child. professor mehdi akhondi is the director of the institute. it's estimated that around 12 to 15% of couples worldwide are unable to have children. in iran, it's more than 20%. >> unfortunately, infer

north korea alone resolve nuclear issue? it's very unlikely. i think even if we look at the case of iran, extensive sanctions on their own didn't bring the iranians to the table. there were other factors we can talk about them. and this is even less likely in the case of north korea because pyongyang is not as reliant on the global financial system as iran. so in this new policy, it also leaves room for engagement. so that's the fourth element that i see. and my thinking on this is with the new u.s. administration comes an opportunity to try to forge diplomatic path, especially whether it's clear that current approach is not working. relying on a pressure only approach is dangerous because it is inherently an approach of escalation that either leads to conflict or backing down by one side and not necessarily to a potential political agreement, political solution. so we risk falling into a cycle of tit for tat escalate with real potential for conflict either by design or maybe more so by accident. so we need an off ramp. the trump administration has left open room for engagement. still re

iran has a lot of economic ties with the rest of the world. the united states was able to build a coalition to apply pressure on iran. northorea has notes american ties to the rest of the world -- has no significant ties to the rest of the world. far as military options, those are the things i explore. i will elaborate why all of them are really bad options. host: in a piece in yesterday's "washington post" about north korea about how to avoid war in north korea. i will read you a little bit of that. but the piece ends by saying -- ask what do you think about the option? guest: i think we ought to try it in my concern is we have been trying it for a long time. there are really so many ways that we can hurt north korea further through economic sanctions. the truth is we do not have much dealing with north korea, nor does anyone else. they are very isolated. it is strictly authoritarian so they don't have to worry about any sort of popular discontent or disapproval. kim jong un is going to do what he wants to do. andeems bent on a compass -- on accomplishing his goals. host: we are talking with mark bowden of the atlantic ab

of north korea's nuclear command facility systems. lunch ballistic missiles, we wonder whether not the commanders will be under full control of north korea's national leadership. second, iran. nuclear blister vessels on at least 13 different occasions. they fired ballistic -- iran has tested ballistic missiles on several different occasions. there are credible reports they are supporting ballistic missile technologies and are partnered with the cooties. -- houthis. the country that sometimes escapes notice, pakistan. one cannot discount the probability that one of pakistan's over 100 nuclear weapons might fall out of that governments control and potentially into the hands of the extremists. a loose nuclear weapon in the hands of a terrorist group is the kind of threat we are trying to stop. fifth is russia, as if on here is well aware, russia has the world's largest inventory of nuclear warheads. -- it has also employed a missile that violates the treaty. the chairman of the joint chiefs of staff testified this year to congress at the russian sub "violated the spirit and intent of the treaty and they do not intend to return to appliance." he also said "the system itself is

north korea alone resolve a nuclear issue? very unlikely. i think even if we look at the case of iran, extensive sanctions on their own didn't bring theiranians to the table. there were other factors , we could talk about them and this is even less likely in the case of north korea because pyongyang is not as reliant on global finance systems as it ran. so in this new policy and also it leaves room for engagement so that's the fourth element that i see. and my thinking on this is that with the new us administration comes an opportunity to try to force diplomatic pass, especially when it's clear that the current approach is not working. >> the trump administration has left open room for engagement. still remain to be cnet that will be pursued. president trump wort in an interview in late april that a major, major conflict with the north was possible. he also said he would prefer a diplomatic out, to the dispute. although the u.s. has explicitly ruled out talks with pyongyang unless the government took verifiable action to freeze its weapons program. the president and said he would be h

of states. if you think about north korea or iran or china and russia, that world of state to state relations is still very important. i think of it as a chessboard world. it is the world of how do we beat our adversaries. we think about a move and we try to anticipate what move they are going to make. that world is very important, but equally important is what i call the world of the web. that world of criminal networks, including terrorists, but also arms traffickers and drug traffickers. the world of business which increasingly big network supply chains, global corporations, and the world of nongovernmental organizations. i think of all those actors as web actors, increasingly important actors. but we don't have strategies for how to bring them together. >> watch afterwards, sunday night at 9:00 a.m. eastern on where2's book tv.>> just about -- >> this is american history tv on c-span3. we are live at the civil war institute's annual conference hosted by gettysburg college. our final speaker of the day is next. washington and lee university history professor barton myers talks about confedera

of states. if you think about north korea or iran or china and russia, that world of state to state relations is still very important. i think of it as a chessboard world. it is the world of how do we beat our adversaries. we think about a move and we try to anticipate what move they are going to make. that world is very important, but equally important is what i call the world of the web. that world of criminal networks, including terrorists, but also arms traffickers and drug traffickers. the world of business which increasingly big network supply chains, global corporations, and the world of nongovernmental organizations. i think of all those actors as web actors, increasingly important actors. but we don't have strategies for how to bring them together. >> watch afterwards, sunday night at 9:00 a.m. eastern on c-span2's book tv. wheret about -- >> this is american history tv on c-span3. we are live at the civil war institute's annual conference hosted by gettysburg college. our final speaker of the day is next. washington and lee university history professor barton myers talks about confeder

of ballistic missile technology. the report goes on to assess both russia's capabilities, north koreas, china's and irans. if one does not believe that an enemy is being in position of a nuclear icbm, for instance, north korea, that it be necessarily nearly by -- to a variety of kinds of aggression, therefore, taking away the enemy's ability to credibility threaten the united states dramatically enhances the ability of the united states to conduct its foreign policy as policy makers see fit. we have to close those deterrent gaps. by leaving the united states exposed we are creating an incentive for our enemy's to develop capabilities to hold those assets at risk. as the senator stated there is now underway a great bipartisan effort, this is not a republican effort, it is a bipartisan effort in the senate to expand both in inventory and just investments in these programs. that's across the entire spectrum of missile defense systems from ejustice to ground baste. i'm in firm agreement that especially on the heels of this great successful intercept test of gmd now is the time to actually increase the number o

of state threats. if you think about north korea, iran, sometimes china and russia, that world of state-to-state relationss so important. i think about it as the chessboard world, how do we essentially beat our adversaries. we think about a move, try to anticipate what move they make. that world is there in important but equally important is the world of the web. the world of criminal networks and drug traffickers. the world of business, which is increasingly big supply chains and corporations. in the world of nongovernmental corporations. i think of all of them as increasingly important act as but we do not have strategies for how to bring them together. "afterwords."ch

. >> what strikes me was when you there is a world of states think about north korea, iran, china russia the world of state to state relations is still very important. i think of it as the chessboard world how do we essentially beat our adversaries. that world is there but equally important is the world of the web, the world of criminal networks and also arms traffickers and drug traffickers. the world of business which is a big network supply chains. in the world -- icl of these is web actors is increasingly important. but we don't have strategies with how to bring them together. >> this week to the canadian house of commons spoke about canadian foreign policy and their relationship with the u.s. this is 35 minutes.

i would put in perspective first the threat piece of iran versus north korea. there is no comparison in terms of the amount of testing that we've seen with north korea both in range and capability to what we have seen in iran over the last six to eight months. it's night and day. so our priorities on focusing towards a north korea threat have been exactly right. that said, we cannot forget about iran and what they are capable >> but that will space to the war fighter. and opportunities with the right assessment capability to go along with it. >> okay. thank you very much. appreciate your service once again and i yield back. >> thank you, gentleman. was it your best ability or judgment that funding be cut for fi 'sl on drinking energy. >> no, that was not my best military advice. >> thank you mr. chair. admiral, i just would like to get a orientation here. so from the time, if you can say this in open session, from the time the icbm was launched, how long was it before the vandburg intercepter was launched. >> about so minutes. >> can you tell me where exactly di

of missile technology. the report was on to assess bots russia's capability, north korea, china and iran. hat this means is that even if one doesn't believe an enemy is in possession of a nuclear icbmn for instance out of north korea that it would necessarily employ the weaker icbm by possessing the capability will inhibit the us and our options in response to a variety of aggression. therefore, take it with enemy's ability to threaten the us and dramatically enhance the ability of the us to conduct a foreign policy as we see fit. we have to close the deterrence gap and by leaving the us exposed the are creating incentive for our enemies to develop those capabilities. as the senator stated there'sofu underway great bipartisan effor in the senate to expand both an inventory and also justrt investments in these programs across the entire spectrum of missile defense system. i'm in firm agreement that especially on the heels of this successful intercept test of gmd is the time to increase ground-based interceptors. we have a base in alaska and california to do for this interceptors, so as we c

of states and state reps. if you think about north korea or iran or sometimes china and russia, that world of state to state relations is still very, very important, and i think of it as the chess board world but it's the world of how do we essentially beat our at vers ears and we think d- -- adversaries and we think about a move and try to anticipate their move. that world there is and it's very important, but equally important is what i call the world of the web. that world of criminal networks, including terrorists, but also arms trackers and drug trackers. the world of business, which increasingly big networks supply chains, global corporations and the world of nongovernmental organizations. i think of all those actors as web actors, as increasingly important actors but we don't have strategies for how to bring them together. so, this book is a book that says, if we are going to have a world of a chessboard and strategies how you dollar -- deal with conflict between states and cooperation between state wes need strategies how to design networks for pick people. who do we connect, how do we connect them, how do we

of state threats. think about north korea or iran bang or china or russia, that world of state-to-state relations is stillery important to i think about it is the check point world because it is the world of how do we essentially beat our adversaries. we think about a move and try to anticipate what move they are going to make. what is equally important is what i call the world of the web. the world of the terminal networks, including terrorist's, arms traffickers, drug traffickers, the world of business. corporations. big supply chains. and the world of nongovernmental organizations. i think of all of them is web actors. actors.ngly important but we do not have strategies for how to bring them together. announcer: watch sunday night at 9:00 p.m. eastern on c-span two booktv. an update on the trump administration decision to withdraw from the climate change agreement. i'm washington journal, this runs 30 minutes. >> myron

one must wonder whether the commanders will be under the full control of north korea's national leadership. second, iran. since the joint comprehensive plan of action, they have tested missiles on at least 14 different occasions. the irg sexy fired in th last week and attempt to strike isis targets. i suggest they were trying to send the signal to the united states and israel. moreover there are reports that iran is supporting ballistic missile technology in yemen. finally, by the time iran's nuclear deal requirements set i believe they will have delivery systems for any nuclear weapon program. third, the country that sometimes escapes notice is pakistan. one cannot discount that one of their over 100 nuclear weapons might fall out of the country control and into the hands of extremists. of course a loose nuclear weapon in the hands of a terrorist group is exactly the threat ballistic missile systems are designed to stop. next is russia. is everyone here is well aware, the russians still maintain the world's largest inventory of nuclear warheads. russia is also tested and deployed a ground launch cruise

i would put in perspective first the threat piece of iran versus north korea. there is no comparison in terms of the amount of testing that we've seen with north korea both in range and capability to what we have seen in iran over the last six to eight months. it's night and day. so our priorities on focusing towards a north korea threat have been exactly right. that said, we cannot forget about iran and what they are capable of doing in terms of longer range space launch vehicle technology and shorter range missiles that they possess both land-based and as -- anti-ship ballistic missiles as well. we as part of the bmdr need to look both ways when we assess our capacity on where the capacity is located, both in vandenburg and alaska, and what a potential east coast site could bring in terms of not only numbers, but battle space to the war fighter. and shoot opportunities with the right assessment capability to go along with it. >> okay, thank you very much. appreciate your service once again and i yield back. >> thank you. was it your best judgment that funding

of the u.s. treasury department it's department within that branch that forces trade embargo matches against cuba but any other country that where the issue is such as north korea and iran sort of thing. all fact the other day is this government by which tells american companies individuals what they can and cannot do with cuba since this party executive branch it exists. and the pleasure of who the present happens to be whether it's reagan bush obama cetera so i was under obama because he wanted to relax sanctions were cuba and bring things down toward a road of getting ready and margaux all together. all fact stepped in to say ok we're going to lax certain restrictions the problem with that is that is in the practice obama has sent mixed signals about what that really means for example during hellbound illustration of fact was continuing to do you know to impose multimillion dollar fines against various foreign banks for doing business with cuba we're talking banks from b.m.p. paribus to society generale has chris swiss among others are is the situation will be in the power bus was the most serious because all fact long to stretch the justice department actually wante

mcdonough, former white house chief of staff in the obama administration. >> we knew that there was a s and stateate threats. today if you think about north korea or iranr china and russia, that world of state to state relations is still very, very important, and i think of it as the chessboard world, because it is the world of how do we essentially beat our adversaries. we think about a move and we try to anticipate what move they are going to make. that world is there and it is very important. equally important is what i call the world and the web, the world of criminal networks including terrorists would also drug traffickers. , which isof business increasingly a big network supply chain, global corporations, and the world of nongovernmental organizations.

of states and state threats. today if you think about north korea or iran or some times china and russia that world of state to state relations is still very very important and i think of it as the chess board world. it's the world of how do we essentially beat our adversaries and we think about a move and we try to anticipate what move they are going to make. that world is there and it's very important, but equally important is what i call the world of the web. that world of criminal networks including terrorists but also arms traffickers and drug traffickers, the world of business, which increasingly big network supply chains, global corporations and the world of organizations. i think of all of those as increasingly important actors but we don't have strategies for how to bring them together. >> watch after words sunday night at 9:00 p.m. eastern. >>> president trump's nominees to be the next white house budget and regulatory affairs and federal emergency management administrator testified before the senate homeland security and governmentaal affairs committee. all were asked multiple questions about the presiden

that is why there has to be a policy of disarmament globally but through multilateral policy and not unilateral policy. would you allow north korea and some idiot in iranthen say, we had better start talking? of course not. of course i would not allow them to do that. how would you stop them? that is why i made the point a short time ago about the need for president 0bama's agreement with iran to be upheld, it's important. also to promote disarmament in korea. that is difficult, i appreciate. i don't understand why everyone in the room seem so keen on killing millions of people. difficult moments for him as well on the ira. the tough night for both arrivals. a brief but big and counter. moments that could make the difference. there are still minds to change. earlier today the crown prosecution service announced that the conservative candidate for south thanet in kent —— craig mackinlay —— had been charged in connection with expenses claimed —— during the last election —— two years ago. the party said it believed the allegations were ‘unfounded'. our home affairs correspondent daniel sandford reports. in the 2015 general election, the voters of south th

. >> what would strike me was we knew there was a world of states today if you think about north korea or iran or sometimes china and russia that world of state to state relations is still very very important and i think of it as a checkerboard world because it's the world of how do we essentially beat our adversaries and we think about a move and we tried to anticipate what moved they are going to make. that world is there and it's very important but equally important is what i call the world of the web, that world of criminal networks including terrace but also arms traffickers and drug traffickers, the world of business which is increasingly big network supply chains and global corporations and the world of nongovernmental organizations. i think of all those that are says web at theirs is increasingly important actors but we don't have strategies for how to bring them together. this week and the canadians house of commons chrystia freeland spoke about canadian foreign-policy and their relationship with the u.s.. this is 35 minutes. [applause]

of staff in the obama administration. >> we knew that there was a s and stateate threats. today if you think about north korea or iran or china and russia, that world of state to state relations is still very, very important, and i think of it as the chessboard world, because it is the world of how do we essentially beat our adversaries. we think about a move and we try to anticipate what move they are going to make. that world is there and it is very important. equally important is what i call the world and the web, the world of criminal networks including terrorists would also drug traffickers. , which isof business increasingly a big network supply chain, global corporations, and the world of nongovernmental organizations. i think of all of those actors actors, increasingly important actors. but we don't have strategies for how to bring them together. "after words," tonight at 90 5 p.m. eastern on c-span2's booktv. >> "washington journal" continues. host: a chance to hear what you're thinking our remaining 25 minutes on "washington journal," and you can send us a tweet or share a comment on the facebook page. back

would strike me was that ofknew there was a world state reps -- if you think about north korea or iran, that world oftate to state relations is still very important. i think of it as the chessboard world. it's the world of how do we essentially beat our adversaries. we think about a move and we try to anticipate what move they are could equally important -- going to make. equally important is that world of the web. business, which is d andasingly being networke the world of nongovernmental organizations. i think of all of those actors as web actors as increasingly important actors. we don't have strategies for how to bring them together. ds on c-span2'sor tv. c-span2's book tv. host: our next guest is farhana khera. she serves as the president and executive director of muslim advocates. , we saw not only what happened in that portland attack but the president's response to it.

the biggest difference is north korea has nuclear weapons and of course they iran is a member. m not advocating that it's a model for north korea, it's quite different, but i think that's a process of process of diplomacy that they pursued with iran could offer insights on how to begin engagements with the strong adversaries. there are three elements of the diplomacy that we should be looking at. first initiate a low-key diplomatic channel authorized at the highest level. prior to the start of official negotiations with the radiance, both diplomats from both countries engaged in a series of meetings that were held secretly. there are 12 such meetings convened in muscat, geneva and new york. this led to the multilateral interim agreement called the joint plan of action. i think given the levels of mistrust between washington and north korea, i think it would be a good first step to try to have dialogue without preconditions to find out what is possible. we can call them talks about talks, to help clarify what those conditions are that would be acceptable. what are they? how can w

what we need to do in order to protect ourselves from threats that depreciate the existence of a north korea and iran and from their perspective i would urge anybody who's listening in moscow and beijing to reach the i think fairly obvious conclusion that if they are concerned about the issue of ratios between dmd and their forces, that we need to be working together to have a discussion about how to rain in the press from north korea and iran. the worst threat to their strategic arsenals if they see it as a threat at all which is the problem presented by those and if we can work together to bring those problems under control, we will be having qualitatively different discussions. >> we have time for maybe one more question and this relates to the anticipated meeting between president trump and putin coming in july. and the question is that back in the 1980s, i think it was 1985, president reagan and gorbachev jointly declared a nuclear war was was never to be one and must never be fought. will the two presidents consider any joint language that tries to address the joint concern and commitment to av

iran. the reality is if you've got a population where 70% are under the age of 30, with a connection to the rest of the world, unlike a place like northorea, over time, those kind of pressures and aspirations are going to have an impact on iran's evolution, but that is overtime. in the short run, we are going to face an iranian leadership that will challenge us, our friends, and our interests. charlie: what do you make of what happened in saudi arabia in terms of the opposition to iran and the president supporting a group of arab states that want to isolate iran? mr. burns: i think reassuring our partners in the gulf is a natural thing for a new president to do. the truth is they were unsettled, to put it mildly. : other things, too, mubarak. mr. burns: right, the sense that we threw mubarak under the bus. but the reality is the reassurance, which is sensible, is not the same thing as uncritical support. i think a healthy relationship between the united states and saudi arabia has to be a two-way street, where we make clear that we will have their backs in the term of external threats from iran, the modernization efforts the new crown

administration from 2013-2016. >> what would strike me was that we knew there was a world of states, today think about north korea or iranor sometimes china and russia, that world of states and stat state relations is ver, very important. i think of it as the chessboard world because it's the world of how do we essentially beat our adversaries, and we think about a move and we try to anticipate what move they're going to make. and that world is there and it's very important, but equally important is what i call the world of the web, that world of criminal networks including terrorists but also arms traffickers and drug traffickers, the world of business which increasingly the network supply chains, global corporations, and the world of nongovernmental organizations. i think of all those actors as web actors, as increasingly important actors, but we don't have strategies for how to bring together. >> watch tonight at 9 p.m. eastern on c-span2's booktv. >> part of the thing that we have to do, because i think, i thought your poem was so beautiful and the id we been here before, granted i'm not trying to, the '80s were horr

this issue, jim mattis secretary the defense has said one of the issues that concerns him the most, obviously, there's north korea and isis and iran cetera, but one of the things that concerns him as an american we stop liking each other. you know, that one part of the country has really come to loathe another part of the country. i've heard other people describe it as we're drifting towards divorce. where there's -- there are people who no longer have any friends or acquaintances on the other side and people on both sides especially with respect to those who supported president trump in the election, victoriously, believe that everything is failed them and that nobody is listening to them. and that they don't know what to do >> i think this is one of the little secrets about the durability of much of donald trump's support. that the secret is, as -- i think there are a lot of people who voted for him who look at this administration and do understand analytically that it's dysfunctional. that feeling is outweighed by a feeling of loathing and repulsion. in other words, there are people who vote ford donald trump who quite possibly

i think a lot of them by russia, china, iran, north korea, there are a lot of culprits out there butow more exactly what was intended here and really what the appropriate response ought to be. melissa: what would nato do if they banned together say this is war, we'll do something about it, what does that mean? >> i think this goes to an important conceptual point. take as hypothetical, that is a nato member is the subject of a russian cyberattack. say the facts on this are clear so there is no dispute about that. if it is intended as we judge it to be the equivalent of a military attack i think article v is properly invoked but i don't think the nato response should be limited to a corresponding cyberattack. one way to create structures of he deterrents that dissuade russia or others from conducting cyber attacks in the first place to make it clear that any kind of attack on a nato member would produce disproportionate response. melissa: saying like a physical response, military response to a cyberattack? >> sure. just because, let's take the beginning of world war ii from the u.s. p

of staff in the obama administration. me -- strikes me was there was a state today, if you think about north korea or iran, and sometimes chinand russia, the world of state to state relations is still very important and i think of it as the chessboard world because it is the world of how do we essentially be their adversaries , and we think about a move and we try to anticipate what move they are going to make. that is very important, but equally important is what i call the world of the web, that world of criminal networks including terrorist but also arms traffickers and drug traffickers, the world of business which is increasingly big network supply chains, global corporations, and the world of nongovernmental organizations. i think of all those actors as web actors as increasingly important actors, but we do not have strategies of how to bring them together. onwatch afterwords, c-span2's booktv. this weekend, leading civil war historians converge on gettysburg, pennsylvania to explore the civil war from all angles. american history tv on c-span3 takes you to the conversation at the gettysburg college civil war institute.

of states and state threats. today if you think about north korea or iran and china and russia that, world of state to state relations is still very, very important and i think of it as the chess board world because it's the world of how we essentially beat our adversaries and we think about a move and we try to anticipate what move they're going to make. and that world is there and it's very important. but equally important is what i call the world of the web. that world of criminal networks including terrorists but also arms traffickers and drug traffickers. the world of business which increasingly big network supply chains, global corporations and the world of nongovernmental organizations. i think of all those actors as web actors as increasingly important actors but we don't have strategies for how to bring them together. >> watch "after words" sunday night at 9:00 p.m. eastern on c-span2's book tv. >>> the operations director for the missile defense agency spoke about his agency's budget for 2018. one of several pentagon briefings held after the release of president trump's defense budget. this is about a half

last year we had three of our committees held a hearing on elicit transfers to rogue states of north korea and iran of the world inelectual organization. retaliated against the whistleblowers who exposed wrong doings and today we have people that lost their jobs at the u.n. because they did the right thing. please, this is an injustice that has to be corrected. i ask for your personal intervention on this. >> thank you, sir. in reference to the person being held in china, letting them go, we are all on it at different levels of the administration. that is moving. in terms of the envoy or anti-semitism, we welcome all the help we can get because i agree with you on that. in terms of south sudan, we are seeing baby step progress in that area, but it is baby step. but we continue to work on that, like i said, i will be visiting in the fall to speak with the president myself on behalf of the united states to see if we can put some pressure there. also necessary that south sudan has fallen off the famine list but it is still food insecure. it is still very volatile. it is still a vulnerable spot. famine