f. kennedy.untry and that i especially see in young people like jack and rose and talking on a -- andana, malia, and sasha your kids. i do not know whether president kennedy's agent friend -- eight and friend was right when he wrote history unfolds in cycles but i do know it does not move in a straight line. the values in progress we progress wend cherish are not inevitable. they are fragile and in need of constant renewal. i have said before that i believe what dr. king said, the arc of the moral universe is long but it bends toward justice and i have said it does not bend on its own. it bends because we end it. because we put our hand on that arc and we move it in the direction of justice. and freedom. and equality. and generosity, it does not happen on its own. are constantly having to make a choice because progress is fragile and it is precisely that fragility, that impermanence that is a precondition of the quality of character that we celebrate tonight. if the vitality of our democracy, if

f. kennedy.s not the project of one person and that all of us can make a difference. that quiet, sturdy citizenship by seal across the country and that i especially see in young people like jack and rose and todd tiana and molly at and sasha and your kids. whether president kennedy's aid and friend, arthur/injured junior was right and he wrote that history folds and cycles. but i do know it does not move in a straight line. i know that the values and progress that we cherish are not inevitable. that they are fragile. and need a constant renewal. before that i believe with dr. king said, that the ark of the universe is long but it bends toward justice. i also have said it does not been on its own. it ends because we bend it. because we put our hand on that arc and we move it in the direction of justice. and freedom. and equality. and, kindness and generosity. it does not happen on its own. and so, we are constantly having to make a choice. because progresses fragile. that impermanence that is a pr

f. kennedy library and boston. this is just over an hour. >> ladies and gentlemen, at this time we are beginning our livestream of tonight's john f. profile intennial courage award ceremony. take credit for our decision to go online. one of the most important ideas came from the person who constantly gives us great ideas on how to use technology and other initiatives at the library and that is my friend who claims to have a day job but i doubt it ed slotsberg but i doubt it. i thank ed. [applause] >> and you will be happy to know, ed, mike barnacle, seconded the idea. we thank him for that. we have so much to celebrate tonight including president and mrs. kennedy's deep appreciation for the arts. our next guest is a multiple grammy award winner whose songs are among the great pillars of american music. his music spans generations and his songs have provided the soundtrack across decades of our lives providing a source of warmth and wisdom and beauty in a changing world. james taylor's music embodies the art of songw

f. kennedy library foundation. on behalf of all of my colleaguesth

f. kennedy. >> i arrange that inga arvad was the great love of john f. kennedy's life and that includes his relationship with jackie kennedy, his wife, which is sad but i believe that be true. that's not to say he didn't love jackie and i think towards the end of this life he developed a appreciation to what she brought to their marriage and the white house. before that the woman he most wanted to mary was inga arvad. >> later we'll go interested the lewis and clock college library to see items related to the lewis and clark expedition. first we'll tour portland's landmark book store, powell city of books. >> we are located in what is now nobody at the pearl district. when powell first moved into this location in 1980, this was an abrandonned used -- abandoned used car dealership, 40,000 square feet on one floor and over the past 30 years we have built and expanded, and the neighborhood around is has changed dramatically. what used to be a light industry strict is now a light retail district, and we're surrounded by wonderful places like sir la tab and st

f. kennedy and many of the events he was present at. why this exhibit here in the american art museum at this time? it is the centennial of his birth 100 years ago on may 29. how do you put an exhibit like this together? first you start with a few researchers. we collected 34,000 photographs of jfk and his family. it took about six months and became the basis of a very important book that we published with harper collins. from those 400 odd pictures in the book we were able to select 77 photographs that we felt told the story of jfk and his life and times. john f. kennedy was a president who saw america's place in the world. he was a man who understood history, who served in world war ii. he understood the issues of civil rights. he understood many of the conflicts around the world. this exhibit addresses the issue of jfk's vision for america. it's the story of the life and his times. pictures from the family scrap book are very interesting. just like any other kid, little did we know he might be the president of the united states. that

f. kennedy etched into the character and hearts of america. the kennedys symbolized a set of values and attitudes about civic life that made it such an attractive calling. the idea that politics in fact could be a noble and worthwhile pursuit. the notion that our problems, while significant, are never insurmountable. the belief that america's promise might embrace those who had once been locked out or left behind and that opportunity and dignity would no longer be restricted to the few but extended to the many. the responsibility that each of us have to play a part in our nation's destiny, and by virtue of being americans, play a part in the destiny of the world.?i can see truthfully that the example of jack and bobby kennedy helped guide me into politics and that the guidance of teddy kennedy made me a better public servant once i arrived in washington. i have to imagine it would give them great pride to see a new generation of kennedys, like joe, carving their own proud paths in public service. for whatever reasons i receive this award, what

f. kennedy. >> i argue that in the arafat was the great love of john f. kennedy's life and that includes his relationship with jackie kennedy, which is sad but i believe that to be true. that isn't to say he didn't love jackie buddy developed a real appreciation for all that she brought to their marriage. but before that, the woman he cared about the most was in the. >> we are located in what is now known as the pearl district. this was an abandoned used-car dealership. and it was approximately 40,000 square feet, all on one floor and over the past 30 years we have built and expanded in the neighborhood around us has changed dramatically. so what used to be a light industrial district is now a late retail district and we are surrounded by wonderful places like anthropology and starbucks for reuse to be surrounded by auto repair shops and ball bearing manufacturers. .. this is symbolic of all the things we have here at powell's books. the base of it says four things in latin.it starts off with vending lieberman: sell the book and on the side it says carpeti

f. kennedy and his vision for america. can watch this and other american artifacts programs anytime by visiting our website c-span.org/history. q&a, talking about his book -- one of the longest and bloodiest battles of the vietnam war. because thed me military command was so out of touch with the reality of what was happening in the streets. they got a lot of young americans killed. they denied that the city had been taken. it was a fact that he had continued to deny it the whole time the battle was fought. never wouldence have conceived the sheer number of forces. a small number of marines and troopers were being ordered to that were helds overwhelmingly by superior enemy or since and entrenched positions. >> at eight eastern on c-span's q&a. we have been on the road meeting winners of this year studentcam documentary competition. in east lyme connecticut, second were handed $1500 for their documentary on environmental justice. and then at middle school, --orable mention winners received $250 on health care. -- a second p

f. kennedy are released. nts about the assassination of john f. kennedy are released. getting out there on stage. i wanted to be clear. i wanted it to last. so i kept on fighting. i found something that worked. and keeps on working. now? they see me. see me. see if cosentyx could make a difference for you- cosentyx is proven to help people with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis... ...find clear skin that can last. don't use if you're allergic to cosentyx. before starting cosentyx, you should be checked for tuberculosis. an increased risk of infections and lowered ability to fight them may occur. tell your doctor if you have an infection or symptoms. or if you have received a vaccine or plan to. if you have inflammatory bowel disease, tell your doctor if symptoms develop or worsen. serious allergic reactions may occur. never give up. see me. see me. clear skin can last. don't hold back... ...ask your dermatologist if cosentyx can help you find clear skin that lasts. widespread confusion about the plan moving forward... we'll have the latest on the looming showdown. a

f. kennedy's life. and so she has been -- appears in almost all the biographs of kent as an important -- of kennedy as an important figure but nobody has devoted a back to her own life. i argue that inga arvad was the great love of john f. kennedy's life and that includes his relationship with jackie kennedy, his wife. >>> that's not to say he didn't love jackie kennedy but before that the woman he carried about the most, most wanted to marry, was inga arvad and there are variety of reasons for that. she was beautiful, obviously so she would attract men and she was his equal in terms of sophistication. kennedy had traveled the world, his dad was ambassador to great britain and john kennedy was very well-traveled, very interested in public affairs and world events and so wassing inga. so the developed -- so was inga. she was just a different kind of woman than anybody else he dadeed. he dated either school girls when he was in school, or he dated stewardesses and cocktail relationships but inga is somebod

f. kennedy's life and that includes his relationship with jackie kennedy which is sad but i believe that should be true. that's not that he didn't love jackie and the toward the end of his life he developed an appreciation for all jackie brought to the white house but before that the woman he cared about the most was inga arvad and there are a variety of reasons for that. she was beautiful so she would attract men and she was his people in terms of sophistication. kennedy had traveled the world, his dad had been ambassador to great britain and he was interested in public affairs and world events and so was inga though they developed this bond together and she was a different kind of woman that anybody else he dated. he tended to date either schoolgirls when he was in school or dated stewardesses and cocktail waitresses and they were purely therefore relationships but inga was somebody he became smitten with immediately andbegan talking about language . inga had not only been married once before, she was married to a second husband and the kennedys of course were america's preeminent cath

f. kennedy. when we think about the 1960 campaign i think very few people appreciate that it began as early as it did. that kennedy set his sights on the presidency as early as he did, and that it was as methodical as it was. very instrumental not only and getting him to the white house but it affected his time in the senate. it affected the whole political world that we inhabit today. this was one of these really transformative moments in american political history. that is my plug for you guys. >> you know what is coming now. i want you to begin by telling all of our wonderful attendees tonight what i learned when i get to the acknowledgments which is how this came about. >> i guess i can start with my beginning, i was fascinated by the 1956 democratic convention which i watched as a teenager in mississippi. there was such drama in that campaign with and lie stephenson , an example of his indecisiveness. instead of taking his own running mate and doing to the convention. and enormous fight whic

f. kennedy school of government. teresa miller, insurance commissioner an honor to have you here. gary cohn very similar to the capital. former deputy administrator center for medicare and medicaid services. to our distinguished witnesses coming your testimony today is very important to s. because the marketplace is essential to the success in good health of the american people. it is my privilege not to call to order our hearing action now updating and improving the affordable care act to lower costs and ensure options for families. democrat take great pride in the success of the aca lowering costs them are protecting health and financial situated families. cover more than 20 million. but that is just the beginning of it. we talk about the additional names. that is important. what is also important are the over 100 million people in the 350 million people who have expanded and if it in one access under the affordable care act. this quality for every american no matter where they get their coverage. the aca health care cost growth has been slowed by the lowest on record. the repub

f. kennedy's first meeting with nikita khrushchev in 1961 famously went badly. >> when john f. with nikita khrushchev at exactly this point in his presidency, khrushchev just had him for lunch and kennedy said afterwards this was the worst day of my life. >> reporter: this time the stakes for russia are high. already under sanctions for invading ukraine and meddling in the u.s. election, congress preparing to do more. while in poland this week the president also turned up the heat. >> we urge russia to cease its destabilizing activities in ukraine and elsewhere and its support for hostile regimes including syria and iran. >> reporter: but even as they sat down for that first meeting, questions about possible collusion during the campaign loomed large. trump himself has offered mixed messages about whether he's met putin before. >> i have no relationship with putin. i don't think i've ever met him. i never met him. i don't think i -- >> you would know it if you did, wouldn't you? >> yeah, i think so. so i don't think i've ever met him. >> reporter: but he's also told a very diffe

f. kennedy a signed photograph of john f. kennedy. the queen of course has one obvious passion and visitors will quickly notice a theme emerging. there have been several gifts of life courses during the queen's frankly none of which is shown in the exhibition. but also objects relating to courses site porcelain horses an example of her writings will spend me's in bronze and examples of her mind to it. from grand gifts personal belongings for the first time one of the displays has been dedicated to princess diana with items chosen by her sons to mark the twentieth anniversary of her death. among them her ballet shoes and a suitcase full of cassette tapes of her favorite music. john manga bbc news at buckingham palace. estonian president locked with a boss is suspended all official contacts with israel is the crises gray savor additional security measures. in the old city of jerusalem three palestinians were killed in clashes with israeli security forces. and three israelis have died after stabbing attack but it's unclear thought incide

f. kennedy, a signed photograph ofjohn f. kennedy.gifts of live horses during the queen's reign, clearly none of which are shown in the exhibition, but also objects relating to horses. so, porcelain horses, an example of her riding horse burmese in bronze, and examples of her mounted. from grand gifts to personal belongings, but for the first time, one of the displays has been dedicated to princess diana, with items chosen by her sons to mark the 20th anniversary of her death. among them, her ballet shoes and a suitcase full of cassette tapes of her favourite music. john ironmonger, bbc news, at buckingham palace. a bag used by neil armstrong to bring back lunar soil from the first ever trip to the moon has been sold at an auction in new york. "that's one small step for man"... but it was a giant leap for the anonymous bidder who bought it, sealing the deal at sotheby‘s for a cool £1.4 million. the bag is no longerfull, but it does still contain traces of moon rocks. time for a look at the weather. here's tomasz schafernaker. iam i am

f. kennedy's assassination and what the panel has called the national security state. they also discuss america's involvement in vietnam and the cold war and how national security policy is limited during those

f. kennedy's presidency. topics include what is known as president kennedy's piece speech at american university and the growth and power of the national security council, which advises the president. tellis also talk about president kennedy's and nation in november of 1963, and for some of the various theories around that event. the discussion was part of a conference hosted by the future of freedom foundation just over three hours. ago,u know, several years i was in a libertarian social function, and somebody said, would you consider the biggest threat to our freedom and our well-being? and i suspect they thought i was going to say the terrorists or the muslims of the communists with illegal aliens, or the drug dealers or something. and i did not hesitate. has said the biggest threat is a national security state.

kennedy's service in the navy and at 3:00 p.m., exactly 100 years to demand that president kennedy was born, will have to f-18s flying overhead to honor president kennedy. and then we will be eating the cake. we need help doing this. the cake will serve 1000 people, designed by the same company that did take further engagement many years ago. i hope you'll join us for some of those activities. but tonight we have a literally standing room only. we also have an overflow in her other auditorium. we are also thrilled we are streaming this and they are watching parties in places including the john f. kennedy museum and others in c-span are here. we appreciate all of you here are those participating online. we have many to many distinguished guests and i'm not going to list them. i do want to highlight that the risk of forgetting some. we appreciate their leadership throughout the year and what they do. because it is our centennial, we invited our colleagues at presidential colleagues around the country and we have representatives with us from the presidential library or their accompanying foundation from harry

f. kennedy's presidency. topics include what is known as president kennedy's piece speech at american university and the growth and power of the national security council, which advises the president. tellis also talk about president kennedy's and nation in november of 1963, and for some of the various theories around that event. the discussion was part of a conference hosted by the future of freedom foundation just over three hours. ago,u know, several years i was in a libertarian social function, and somebody said, would you consider the biggest threat to our freedom and our well-being? and i suspect they thought i was going to say the terrorists or the muslims of the communists with illegal aliens, or the drug dealers or something. and i did not hesitate. has said the biggest threat is a national security state. ofh economically in terms the money that they are spending, the debt they are incurring that is bankrupting the country, but also in terms of the destruction of our liberty. i haver the years, mull

f. kennedy had fired j edgar hoover over investigating and wiretapping would people have thought it was obstruction? so there is not really collusion so what is the latest leak from the washington post whose record of running anonymous leaks has been the new york times, an enormous achievement and i give the post credit that in their energy and enthusiasm they have been more consistently wrong than the times which in the olympics of stupidity is an enormous challenge. the latest thing is mueller who will not be able to get anything on russia or obstruction is now finances. what you are seeing is this is why when i was bigger i opposed renewing the independent counsel act. you bring in a bunch of high-priced lawyers, they give up their regular career, they will look for a scalp, find somebody. the fitzgerald case where comey brought in the godfather to his children, fitzgerald, in order to appoint a special counsel when they knew there was no crime because in fact valerie has already been no longer a protected name in the cia and they knew who had done it, richard armitage and they still

look at this idiot. >> tucker: robert f kennedy, jr., joins us tonight.to that piece that john oliver did really struck me. i think if you, as someone who is a democrat and a liberal, they piled on you. why? why is raising questions about the safety of vaccines a no-go zone on the left? >> it's interesting because it's not consistent with traditional liberal skepticism, towards large power and specifically the pharmaceutical industry. and government agencies. it's been characterized by at least four federal studies as a cesspool of corruption, because it's pervasive, interactions, entanglements. with the vaccine industry. the cdc vaccine branch has -- is a subsidiary of the vaccination industry. at cells $4.1 billion worth of vaccines a year. at about $4.6 billion, most half of its budget, promoting vaccines. only spends $29 testing vaccines. that's good for a tiny handful of the vaccines that we have. one problem recently is with various federal agencies, and one of the kind of shocking things about vaccines is that there's very little safety testing. if

f. kennedy had his speech. the mayor of west berlin was there.here was a crowd of people who were jubilant at the fall of the wall and helmut kohl starts to sing the german national anthem. you can hear, they are all out of tune. yellingla andisa whistling against this because that is n where germany was at the time. i think that shows that he was very definitely a patriot and he immediately realized that this is a patriotic moment for germany whereas most germans were very happy -- but not on the same page as in. absolutely. i was with helmut kohl in poland on that night. in all fairness, one has to say that night people around him were not thinking about german reunification. they were thinking about the thousands and hundreds of thousands of people who would come to west germany and the question was, what will we do with all the fees people? was the sort on this historic night. a few weeks later, you gave the famous speech where he was asking for a confederation of the germanies. clintonh cleaver, bill has been praising helmut kohl these recen

f. kennedy human rights award in 1991.e was also twice named an amnesty international prisoner of conscience. to democracy now! we welcome youto democracy now! -- we welcome yoyou to democracy now! the talk about what is happening right now? >> 11 years since the siege on gaza has been imposed, which is inhuman.and human -- at this moment, we are living the biggest man-made disaster. they promised they would turn us to the middle ages. and they do. gaza is completely disconnected from the outside world. subjugated [indiscernible] civilian and civilian targets. after all these years, we're unable to rebuild or construct most of these constructions. this led us to a situation where -- 65% areersons unemployed. population depends on journal of organizations. effectively, thehey're making ga -- dumping some food and medicine. we cannot treat our water. we cannot treat our sewage. it is polluted. our water is not treatable. -- our water is not d drinkable. people for tomorrow and on the verge of collapse. there are 2 million pe

f. kennedy human rights organization which having heard hernandez's story not only got his bail reduced,to pay the sum of $100,000. hernandez's legal future remains uncertain as he will return to court in september, but for now he's free to make up for lost time. joining me now is carrie kennedy, founder of the robert f. kennedy center for justice and human rights, and the reverend vivian nixon, executive director of college and community fellowship. thank you both for being on. carrie, always good to talk to you. what was so compelling to you and the kennedy foundation about this particular case? >> well, you know, this is an extraordinary young man who is an honor student before he went -- he was picked up, went to rikers, continued to be an honor student, finished his high school degree, applied for this extraordinary fellowship, got a four-year ride through college to the college of his choice, about 30 different colleges involved there, and all evidence points to his innocence. what we were really looking at here is the cash bail system in new york and we're trying to end that cash

f. kennedy's desk clock made and given to him during his famous speech in berlin in 1963. j a watch worth over $300,000. the most complicated watch for decades, the caliber 89, is also here, worth 7.5 million. it has a mechanism to off set leap century, once every 400 years. for young consumers, consider the most prestigious watch brand is introducing a starter watch in stainless steel for only $20,000. the company has been open owned by the same family for four genera generations. >> when you have shareholder, you have to be quick, make fun fast. my only objective is to make something beautiful. >> no one understands the value of time better than philippe. for "nightly business report," i'm robert frank i >> if you're thinking about leap century, you're thinking long-term. >> long, long-term. >> that does it for us tonight. thanks for join us. >> it's a half hour has gone by. have a great evening, we'll see you. the sea world news ameri. funding of this presentation is made possible by. the freemen foundation. and coal fuller foundation pursuing solutions for america's ne

f. kennedy's assassination.cuments had never been made public but now they could should light on one of the darkest days in dallas history. j.f.k. of course was killed there in 1963 but lee harvey oswald. the newly released materials include cia and fbi interview with the former k.g.b. agent who claims to have handed oswald while the assassin was living in the soviet union. how about turning tragedy into a tryout. look at that swish right into. incredible basketball skills. look at the distance he could score from. when he was 9 months old, his mother was driving with his sister and with him when they were hit by a drunk driver. his mom and sister both side in the crash. he suffered a skull fracture. he has recovered and then some. look at his athletic ability. >> one massive maco shark may be setting a state record. this nine foot, 120-pound monster was caught off the coast. they wrestled it under >> this. it )s 4-30 on a tuesday morning. as we take a live look outside from our emeryvil >>> good tuesday morning

f. kennedy married jacqueline bouvier in a small church in rhode island.t couple would become iconic figures in american history, which is why today that small church has quite the following, attracting people from all over the world. >> reporter: everyone has their reasons for coming to a house of worship. the st. mary's church of newport. >> every column was wrapped in vines and flowers. >> reporter: father molesky has more than one he likes to share. >> as i've done my research, i always find out there's more to the story. >> reporter: it's a story the magazines and history books have all told of a president and first lady whose wedding captivated a country. >> people ask why did they get married. >> reporter: few have heard it like this, from the head of the church where it all happened. >> we're quite proud to have that as part of our heritage here. >> reporter: that's why for the last few years the church has opened its doors to anyone who wants to relive the day john and jackie kennedy were married here, complete with the music and the decorations t

f. kennedy woul vessaid the same thing, his watchman on the walls of . phow do you stop lone wolf attacks, knifings and the like . pcars. i mean, how would you stop that? >> we can't stop them here. . pgo? >> wait a second we were talking in the previous sisis,ment of t vessheer incompetence of republicans and democrats on . pwe think those same groups c vessomehow transform the backwa part somewhere on the other side . pbad things are going to happ. . phas been foiling terror plot vesaround the world, right? . pone of the big dif grrences have trained military around the . pthat's dif grrent than our veslawmakers who may have great ideas, but the path paved with vesgogoo intentions. ves>> you don't have to try to remake countries. . pafter world war in h, you ma sure that the bad guys aren't going to get away with it, that veswe're going to hold them to vesaccount and iran is very muc . piran. isis was supported by isis defeat, defeat for iran. liz: rich, we'll get to you in . pbill, final world. >> we have to be realistic. we're going to fight isis or

f. kennedy, a signed photograph ofjohn f. kennedy.e been several gifts of live horses during the queen's reign, clearly none of which are shown in the exhibition, but also objects relating to horses. so, porcelain horses, an example of her riding horse burmese in bronze, and examples of her mounted. from grand gifts to personal belongings, but for the first time, one of the displays has been dedicated to princess diana, with items chosen by her sons to mark the 20th anniversary of her death. among them, her ballet shoes and a suitcase full of cassette tapes of her favourite music. john ironmonger, bbc news, at buckingham palace. a bag used by neil armstrong to bring back lunar soil from the first ever trip to the moon has been sold at an auction in new york. that's one small step for man. but it was a giant leap for the anonymous bidder who bought it, sealing the deal at sotheby‘s for a cool £1.4 million. that is quite extraordinary. i bet he wishes he had taken more little bags, he could have made a fortune! let's get the weather. wa

f. kennedy. he could instil discipline in a tumultuous white house staff. ata generaljohn kelly. but he has come at a difficult time. the strategy to deal with career does not appear to be working. he has to get his own house in order in order to deal with bigger problems. the family of rashan charles, who died in hackney in east london after police apprehended him last weekend, have appealed for calm after a night of violence there. bottles and fireworks were thrown at police following a demonstration. the independent police complaints commission is investigating the death of mr charles, who was 20 years old. richard lister reports. the tension had been building all afternoon. a peaceful protest about the death of a young man in police custody in east london beginning to turn into something else. the police were out in force trying to maintain calm, but it didn't last. by ten o'clock, a fleet of police vans was facing a burning barricade and an angry crowd. fireworks and bottles were thrown. hundreds of officers trying to keep people back. move away, the d

, competing with robert f kennedy. that was the situation. that brings the racial issue up . buckley was not a racist, indeed the opposite. he's the guy who drove the racists out of the conservativemovement and yet goldwater who was not a racist , it integrated his own family departments in arizona. he, buckley and goldwater opposed the 64 civil rights act which i think played a very significant role in giving conservatives including conservatives who themselves have been activists in the civil rights movement, people write richard john neuhaus and leon did the conservative movement a reputation for being if not racist, at least not against the dismantling of racial segregation so what accounts for buckley and goldwater refusing to support the civil rights act? before we get into the civil rights act, remember the national review began in the mid-1950s. and it's not around in 1954 but also opposed that in a very big way. and this is not the national review's finest hour, there have been many finer hours and the finest

f. kennedy's life in photos from the smithsonian art museum's collection of images that chronicle the life of the 35th president. >> they never pushed photographers or writers away. they didn't care how they were photographed. they didn't care whether the tie was fixed, whether the coat was on, this or that. they knew that if they made themselves accessible to the media, they would be published and, of course, it was a groundswell. there is no question about it, that the media coverage of j.f.k. was just the first time we had ever seen anything like it. >> that will be followed at 8:00 looking at ronald reagan's relationship with pole john paul ii. the extraordinary untold story of the 20th century. >> john paul ii had sent a cable to reagan, saying i am praying for you. now reagan sent a cable to the vatican, i am praying for you. it developed the world's most exclusive mutual prayer society. as for moscow, if they're worried at this point about a kinship between the pope and the president, now they better really worry about it. >> american history tv, all weekend, every weekend on c-span

f. kennedy institute's berlin free university who argues it is better to have a regular forum like this for coordinating responses for shared problems than to wait until crisis build up and become manifest. and a warm welcome also goes to dagmar delmer, who writes on development and the environmental issues and africa with the berlin-based tagesspiegel. dagmar says the g-20 wants companies to invest more in africa, but private money cannot solve the institutional problems so prevalent on the african continent. thank you, once again, all three of you for being here with me on "quadriga." i would like to begin with you, professor collier. and the prominence with sociologist. fiery egler gave a interview this week in germany and he said talking to have g-20, scrap it. get rid of it for good. it is totally ill legitimate and illegal. from your quote at the top of the show, i guess you don't entirely agree with them. irwin: if we didn't have a g-20, we would be inventing something looking like g-25 or g 15 for precisely the same things. crisis occur. they seem to be occurring with astonishin