the dramatic number of unpunished black lynchings while blacks were voting for sheriffs, blacks had adequate incentive to do something about lynching. with black political power completely nullified in the south, radical racists were in powder. the governor bragged he would resign as governor of south carolina and lead the mob rather than use his office to protect a quote unquote nigger brood from lynching. the supreme court did nothing to challenge black disenfranchisement. southern whites avoided wrestle restrictions --racial restrictions on suffrage, instead they used slightly subtler methods. many white thought the 15th amendment was -- most thought the 15th amendment was a illegitimate thing so they were going to use whatever method they could in order to avoid it. that is 30 minutes. i had more to say but i thought maybe i should quit. we were supposed to end at 10:30, so thank you very much. [applause] announcer: you're watching american history tv, 48 hours of programming on american history every weekend on c-span3. follow us on twitter at c-span history for information on our sched

the black poverty right fell by 40% taj points between 1940 and 1970.blacks the number of blacks and middle class professions quadrupled other this period. steady progress was being made. black homicide rate for men for example, fell by 20% or nearly 20% in the 1940s and by a larger amount in the 19 r550s. these trends have slowed, is it blame for the black outcomes today. tremendous progress -- againry sachl still exists. exi i don't think there's doubt about that. but citing it is a explanation it' problematic. previous generations faced more significant racial barriers and everything from income from homeownership to education. racism didn't stop them.bl i hope we can delve into what can or may not be hampering black prospectss today. we're going to start with a arti couple of panelth discussions followed followed by some q and a, and then honored to have dr. ben carson, the secretary of housing and urban development to have remarks and take questions. we will start with the first panel which focuses on . education, and education reform in particular. i will sit down with our pane

republicans need to guarantee the vote for southern blacks, but imposing black suffrage in the north runs the risk of alienating the constituents who have repeatedly made it clear they don't think african-americans in the north ought to be voting. that is the republican dilemma. the first shot at solving that the mentor was section two of the 14th amendment, which seemed like an ideal answer to their problems. it creates a powerful inducement for southern states to enfranchise blacks by threatening to reduce their congressional representation if they continue to disfranchised adult male citizens. that provision will place low-pressure on northern states, because there are so few blacks living in the north. the black population of the north varies from less than 1% in new england to 1% or 2% in states like indiana and illinois and peaks that perhaps three or 4% -- 3% or 4% in new jersey. republicans adopted the securities through rather than civilly mandating black suffrage in the 14th amendment, frankly, because they were scared to go back to their constituents in the 1866 congressio

the problem is black people. caller's point, here certainly has been judges and politicians who have devastated families. not only black families, but families.e i guess what i'm talking about, over the last 50 years there has been a growing divide from an economic standpoint. e're talking a lot about economic inequality. that economic inequality is not the black ng in community. not just black politicians. also other politicians. you've had judges and oliticians who have devastated families. clearly, if you are the lower structuralety from a standpoint, and all of these families in the middle are being devastated, you are going to be devastated the most. that doesn't necessarily mean being amilies aren't devastated. that doesn't also mean that black politicians in particular problem. politicians generally were the problem. >> part of that problem is the cycle of poverty. more black men in prison than there are white men in prison. how do you change that trajectory? >> i think first and foremost we understand tha

black? i make you make you black? made you in the color of coal, from which beautiful diamonds are formed. made you in the color of oil, the black gold which keeps people warm. your color is the same as the dark soil that grows the you need. your color is the same as the stallion and panther, oh, creatures indeed. all of the colors of the rainbow can be found throughout every nation. when all these colors are blended, you become my greatest creation. aur hair is the texture of lamb's wool. he. a beautiful creature is i am the shepherd who watches over them. i will always watch over thee. you are the color of the midnight sky. put star glitter in your eyes. a beautiful smile hidden pain. your that is why your cheeks are so high. the color of the dark clouds, from the hurricanes i in september. so full andlips kiss, theyen you will remember. [laughter] bone structure is thick to withstand the burden of time. the mirror,u see in that image that looks back, that is mine. of your knees. look in the mirror and tell me what

was the spokesman for the nation of islam the black muslim movement that preached supremacy of blacks over whites. at the start of the one nine hundred sixty s. the media were constructing a combat that stirred the civil rights debate malcolm x. versus martin luther king leader of the civil rights movement who was fighting against segregation in the southern states martin luther king the hero of nonviolent resistance was a favorite target of markham ex white men revenue martin luther king subsidized revenue. so that revenue looking can continue between the negroes to be defense. martin luther king never responded to malcolm's attacks he never agreed to debate with him the only time the ever met in washington the two men shook hands but barely spoke to each other. but one photo remains edged into memories an image that brings together the two opposing dreams of the black calls. hang on a let nobody turn me round to me round turn me round and go on and live nobody turn me round i'm gonna key bano walk again keep on walk on up to freedom. the civil rights movement was the singing movemen

black people. i go all over the country and i typically hear black people saying the problem is black people. to this caller's point, there have certainly been judges and politicians who have devastated families. not only black families, but even white families. i guess what i'm talking about, over the last 50 years there has been a growing divide from an economic standpoint. we're talking a lot about economic inequality. that economic inequality is not just existing in the black community. not just a result of black politicians. it is also a result of nonblack politicians. you've had judges and politicians who have devastated families. clearly, if you are the lower end of society from a structural standpoint, and all of these families in the middle and lower income are being devastated, you are going to be devastated the most. that doesn't necessarily mean other families aren't being devastated. that doesn't mean that black politicians in particular were the problem. generally were the problem. >>

become a symbol of the whole black forest. would these cuts the inspiration for black forest gatto there's no proof but they could be because the chocolate shavings somehow look a bit like the dark woods and here it is a black forest sketch on a sponge cake basically could shake your whipped cream and cherries and chocolate shavings. in. the black forest isn't just a place to go sightseeing or enjoy a meal it's great for winter sports. that million one thousand five hundred made has its highest mountain in the field but it's almost guaranteed to have snow and it's home to the region's biggest ski resort. in. the black forest biggest skiing ariad no way i'm missing that but first i need to fetch them deer no problem because there's a rental spot at the foot of the slopes. there are thirty eight lifts around the field back and some sixty three kilometers of peace a day pass costs thirty five euro. i'm going to start with a blue slope one of the easier ones i haven't read in a while. great weather perfect snow and a view all the

black people. looking into the eyes of another and another black person and feeling compassion and admiration or even desire. discovering their magnificent for the first time i was not this afflicted until i wasn't white americans you are infatuated with the statute -- statue of liberty that did welcome you and your ancestors simultaneously infatuated carving borders between who does and does not belong here. you think your whiteness makes you better than the rest of us your a scapegoat. you want to be treated as an individual? and i will get out of bed anyway to go out to the streets of america to do my work to find true dr love with children who know how to work hard and be kind to others. this is in the section declaring. we the people cannot abide the stories of police of the witnesses on the stand to tell us seeing the blackbody they wereyo terrified. you ought to be terrified for justifiable reason. god gave us the skin that is not a reason for you to be justifiably terrified. we are terrifie

one of the many must sees in the black forest. every year thousands of tourists full pir to like t.t.c. in both summer and winter to stroll among the probably not. a few kilometers away. it is even more water like shanxi. you can walk the entire perimeter of the black forest because like on an eighteen kilometer trail. nestled in a valley you'll find santa claus in cathedral its tone is thirty six meters in diameter. like many towns here santa claus in is surrounded by dense dock woods the local most black hence the name black forest the abundance of wood is reflected in the local products the best known is the cuckoo clock. the wrong bank of the house company in china has been making them for more than a hundred g. is. under four hundred in started with this design issue the wall it's called a shield cloth it's hand painted and it's the original cuckoo clock try the vide of a value on our company has developed variations on market so now we also make contemporary coco pops. went and they all strike the hour. another original trad

and in particular to this election cycle you saw for the first time black republicans and black democratsy come together under the the joint center and gather thousands of black resumes to present to either administration to be prepared. the scenario we came across over the last year is that we had a black democrat in omarosa blocking qualified black republicans from administration posts. >> hm. >> maurice. >> well, i mean i think it's not so much the pool of talent that's available. we know that there are strong black candidates for every position. the problem is we're having is the rhetoric and the outreach and the actions that are being directed towards the african-american community. this administration has in an historic wave has worked against and spoken ill of black people. we do not feel comfortable with this administration and he's gone out of his way to push african-americans away. >> when you say spoken ill of black americans. >> when you talk about when you try to rationalize very fine people when we talk about the race riots in charlottesville, those are definitely racial imp

black people have not stood up.can say embrace killer mike is a great rapper, but we would never do that with crackhead mike. we are disappointed in the participated in the stigma that was directly created in a moment when black people were at the moral mountains, civil rights movement, but you can no longer use race as a reason to exclude people from society. this administration uses drugs as a proxy for race and goes after them. we know that now. we know what john ehrlichman has said. today know they were lying? of horse they know they're lying about black people and drug involvement he said, but have so demonized it that we don't even want to talk about it will stop and whole communities, meanwhile, are targeted under the guise of keeping children safe. they're actually making children less day. it is been the reason -- in any case you look at. in trayvon martin's case, the first in the lawyer says, "oh, yeah marijuana in a system" as if that was justification. they say the same thing about sandra bland. eric gar

today i'm off to the black forest in the southwest of germany. my george starts in freiburg the region's biggest city and attracts some three million visitors every year. the old town is free to killers the impressive. freiburg biggest landmark is the cathedral here the beauties in the detail take these cargos if you look closely at your realize that each of them is unique. as you stroll through the city you'll see little channels called places you know they can be found along many of freiburg streets during the winter months they're empty but in summer they're full of water. those have been around since the middle ages and they stretch out over more than fifteen kilometers back in the day they were used to assure water supply but nowadays they've become more of a tourist attraction and a pretty dangerous one legend has it that whoever steps into them will have to marry a freiburg or so be careful. frederick is germany's southernmost city and the perfect starting point for a trip to the black forest. during the winter months the region's biggest

you know, we have several categories of black, this is not just black america one monolith. there's black elite that success compelled in every aspect of life. and white america from even the early 19th century white psyche had room for a black elite. then have a middle class. one of the problems with the middle class is that it has a very fragile asset base. and i'd like to talk a lot later about the private sector because there needs to be a movement, major movement in terms of the private sector before the poverty, the underclass that we know, as well as the income and asset gap of the middle class. >> okay. so those are some things we want to leave on the table, especially the private sector which i think understands itself to have been under tremendous pressure all those years so i'll be interested on how you want to expand on that. let me turn to dr. gooden, and this will be, i think, a little bit of a breath of fresh air considering the context that we've been involved insofar this morning. susan as been looking at three admittedly small programs that harken back to s

much of lack crime is black on black crime and white crime is white on white crime. what happens goes back earlier to some of the comments that my colleague was making about the tens which over the years, to magnify the prevalence of crime, the immediacy of crime, and because we see it on the news come in makes it more real than it may actually be in our daily lives. to some extent, we have to distance ourselves from the immediacy of those reports in the press and be less scared because the probability of somebody being a victim of a crime is not high. crime has been going down this country. people in this country about crime, they would say new york, it's probably out of control. yes, in new york. but homicides are at record lows in the for -- in the last few decades and we have to look at the statistics and look at what is going on and be a little less fearful of those things that are just different from the rest of us. guest: i agree. certainly down and we focus so much on it. also with the caller said, he talked about africa and america first. everything should b

there are a number of attempts to foreign and black airlines.here is a guy named starts a business in haiti within a 25 or 50-mile radius and taking it back. we have stories about them taking their skills to ethiopia or brazil but there were a number of attempts by these black americans but this is where they connect because claude burnett was also wrong -- was also an investor. in the ethiopian airwaves. and then to undermine his investment that is part of the paradox of jim crow. mostly those did not take flight because the competition is so stiff. pan-american airwaves so if these major highly capitalized airlines look at these attempts. stiff if not stiffer. >> where did they get their experience? who was teaching black people how to fly? >> that's interesting. someone -- some were taught by europeans they were more interested to teach them skills. then there is the case of eugene. a black american who was born in georgia as a young boy stows away on a ship to france and wants to become a pilot in france. and then stays in france and then wo

you can be as black as steve erkel or as black as dmx. that's a range. >> that's a range, erkel to dmx. y'all gonna make me lose my mind in here. >> that's fantastic. nothing like talking black masculinity over carrot cake and tea. >> malik set up a meeting between gangster disciples and my new friend wow-wow the general. despite how it seems, these are long-time rivals eagle to come together to talk about stopping the violence. >> it is very important that we keep the communication line open. >> this is e from broken wings, an organization that helps gun victims, and he has an unexpected announcement. >> it would have been more guys, but due to the situation that happened that will go down on 119th, you know, you know how it is out there. >> it turns out a gang leader who was supposed to be here was hot.just s outsthat door, literally.g right >> yeah, so, something went down like an hour ago, huh? >> yeah. >> right near here. >> we're safe here. like i said earlier. >> while i'm shocked, these guys take this news as business as usual. ha

eliteerefore, those black were gullible to racist ideas black people are -- black homeless people are doing s out of their own and therefore they were more likely to support policies that the black homeless population. ut i think to say in sort of closing, i think what black elites did not realize, and i elites sort what of middle become elites don't in general, is that very racist policies that were we think about racist policies in the united studies show that the igher black people rison the educational ladder, the more racist policies or i should say racial discrimination they're likely to face. discriminatoryly policies are then justified based on racist ideas about the poor. and so these black elites were basically hanging themselves this.t knowing same way we have white middle ncome people who are basically voting for people who are essentially hanging themselves the asically squeezing out white middle class. to say that i e think class is a central category and it's something americans, because of the baggage of the cold war, you ask anybody, what social class are you in? midd

and i'm just black. and black people are so. much a fascinating range and you already have that you know you have that recovery already there right there yeah kim why do you think people differentiate even when they're brown all different shades of black between each other if you could explain what it was that was happening how to explain it absolutely check the question because like when i grew up in the thought you know where i was around so many different shade of black of light to as dark as me and there was never i was never a been put aside been look at differently because i'm dacogen all the people that i'm around so when i came to the u.s. and attended middle school and seen like little kid the african american kid that i'm ducking the knee and making fun of me that i'm too dark or we can see you. open you know smile so we can see you in all these comments toward me and i never no i never totally understand why they think they're better than me just because they too show a lot of them you know a line of them you know why

and there was a black daughter, i'm sorry, black doctor and his wife five months' pregnant. finished watching a movie at 11:00 p.m. came out. it was rainy. he told her he'd get the car, wait under the marquee. when he got back he'd been arrested. she was gone. he discovered she'd been arrested, strip searched, and booked for loitering with the intent to prostitute. all right. let's assume, perhaps counterfactually, but let's assume at the time the officer made that arrest a disproportionate amount of prostitution activity was taken into play between the hours of 10:00 and 2:00 a.m. a disproportionate amount was being carried on in times square. disproportionate amount carried on by unescorted women. and that a disproportionate amount was being carried on by women of color. say all of that is true. then he would say, oh, i made a rational determination. it was a rational inference i drew. rational judgment. rational profiling. the reason we don't buy that, the reason we find what he did so odious even if he is able to say it was in some sense rational, is given the social con

there was a black dr. and his wife five months pregnant who are watching a movie at 11:00 p.m., came out and it was raining. he told her to wait under the marquee, he had discovered she had been arrested strip-searched for being a prostitute. let's assume perhaps counter factually but let's assume at the time the officer made that arrest a disproportionate amount of prostitution activity was taking place between the hours of 10 and 2:00 a.m.. a disproportionate amount of it was being carried on in times square. disproportionate amount by an escorted women and women of color. let's say all of the above is true. he would say i made a rational determination and under the rational amp friends that i drew, rational profiling but the reason we don't buy that or the reason we find what he did so odious and it was some sense was rational the social consequences of error given there is some risk of air and judgment and given the social consequences of that he should have waited longer and rick used the risk of air

you lived in black communities, black neighborhoods. we artie had black america, that's why dr. king marched. that's why rosa parks sat down and didn't stand up. because we as black americans, we fought in dr. king fought and others before me fought so that we can be americans and the fact is the democratic party will hone in on anything that will paint the president as a racist because it's a distraction to the real issue. african-american is at an all-time low in the history of unemployment. >> laura: it's never been recorded any lower. if my point in the angle is the democrats need to keep black americans unhappy. that's a horrible thing to feel, but i'm sorry, dr. steele said this today on my radio show, he's written about it for years. without the perpetual i'm a victim, i'm a victim, i'm a victim mentality that you drill into people's heads, you are a victim, you don't have an equal shot. if you work hard you are not going to get ahead. what kind of messages that to tell young people today? he went on and on about this today. it was riveting radio. i think when things are

may i see your driver's license please and blacks know that blacks know when you look so out of your car now and then they say well what did i do it don't what did i do don't say that don't ask me why i'm stopping you i said get out of the car and that's right there you forced disrespect and i saw that happening and blacks know what's happening they know it's not happening to white people so automatically they start resenting the police just from little things command verbal commands let alone the physicality of grabbing somebody and putting them in handcuffs while you check their id and unfortunately when i. would tell other officers well that's enough is enough then they would think a what are you. an end for the word what are you an and lover and and for. in front of a camera that used between policeman is unpronounceable for a race since here a child he campaigns openly against the racist behavior of the police the former officer has even made a very explicit. los angeles the city of luxury and fame but also an alarming number of people living in the streets. the simple fact in l

learn about the movement of black lives. people have spent over a year working on policies to talk about reparations, to talk about resources, to talk about all these different things that are going to improve our conditions in our community. >> you know you just messed up, right, you said the "r" word, reparations. [ laughter ] there's white people watching right now. no! that's a scary word. how do we approach that? how do we make that less scary, you know? >> it isn't about black people getting a huge check. and you know that skit that dave chappell did, right? that's not reparations. reparations is investment. what we're saying, if we have proper housing, proper education, access to food, access to mental health care, that's the way you fight back against, you know, violence, not hiring more police and firing teachers. that's not how you do it. you do things that are going to support and help people thrive and have a high quality of life. they're doing the opposite. so, that's how we know oppression is real. that's how w

blue but not just black men but black women and latinos incarcerated. we know that the us incarcerates more people than any other nation. so we look at the impact of that on young people in terms of families that are separated as a consequence of prison sentences, children growing up, there is a statistic in michelle alexander's book that i cite in mind that there are more children separated from their parents today as a result of the prison system and was true during the time of slavery. .. "usa u.s.a. today had a survey and -- they felt it was an important symbol, that the united states population had been able for the first time to elect a black president, yet the same weekend, the next day an the election, was the largest influx of signups for storm front.org, a white supremacist hate site. so on the one hand we have the symbol of electing a black president. on the other hand in very close proximity, a dramatic rise in participation in white supremacist activity and the backlash we see today manifested in the streets of washington, dc and elsewhere,

or his black friend. >> the one. he always situates black america as poor, as uneducated, as needing his help, right, because he alone can fix it. he can never conceptualize grown black people. this is why barack obama frustrated him for eight years and why he trolled him for eight years and harassed him and tried to undermine his presidency, because he could not fundamentally wrap his mind about the fact this educated black men who surrounded himself with a diverse group of people from different walks of life could have unemployment and keep the government going and save our country from falling off an economic cliff. when anyone says i'm the least person you know, they are probably the most racist person you know. we've seen over 40 years, this isn't just campaign trump who exhibited racist tendencies. this is the trump family from the nixon administration, from his father in the kkk, so from not renting to blacks, to trolling the five innocent black and latino men from the central park five and never apologizing a

are you proud to be a black man? >> i am proud to be a black man. >> me too. you're a black man. did you marry a black woman? >> i'm married to a white woman. >> you know what the bible says about racial marriages. an abomination of sin. >> on the list of sins where is interracial marriage? there's like murder -- is that interracial marriage equal to that? >> it would be above because it's an abomination. >> so it's worse than murder? >> yeah. >> i wish we could have this discussion in a coffee shop on a sunny day where i could buy you a piece of pie and you didn't have the mask on and we could talk about these same things on an equal level. >> that's not going to happen. this is part of the history of the klan. >> and you want to stay there. what is the future of america if the klan has its say? >> the only way you're going to know the true ideas, rituals and beliefs of the ku klux klan is get involved. obviously you can't. you're black. >> yeah, it's going to be hard for me to get involved. >> someone else will come along after i'm dead and gone and fill my shoes and continue o

he says i am black, am i black and i say yes you are and he says my skin is brown. one uses the term to describe european americans just like they are white and kind of tan or pink or beige. i can tell you more from the buck. i was concerned about the tone of his voice when he asked me if he is black. she was talking about all the things i knew about africa and i'm pleased to say i knew some things so i'm going on in a vey positive way about africa and of african descent of africa a so great what are we doing here? how can you answer that without talking about slavery so then we had a conversation about slavery and if you want to know more about what i said i'm going to take this moment to say i need a talk about it which you can find on youtube and the title is is my skin brown because i drank chocolate milk and it is about how to talk about race. in my narrative there were three things i wanted to keep in mind for him it had to do with the first ofirstof all this was a l. you were ever a slave, this isn't something you had to worry about so this was the first thin

chaplain black let us pray. deliver us from the hypocrisy of attempting to sound reasonable while being unreasonable. soledad: that is a bit of a condemnation to the senators? how did they take it? chaplain black: you are talking about a prayer i prayed doing the government shutdown g paid e officers working without a salary, when i was working without a salary. that disease necessitates a radical cure. righteous indignation is a better descrso that: how did ths chaplain black: the number one constituent i must please is the omnipotent, omnipresent god he m soledad: what do you hope when you walk away from this job? and it is a lifetime appointment. you can ho as long as you like. what do you hope people take away from what you have been able to give to the senate? chaplain black: i hope they e me as a servant and a stewar you are looking at a kid who grew up essentially in fredd gray's neighborhood in baltimore, maryland, who did shake hands with a white pern until i was 16 years of age. and i am the chaplain o

it's anti-blackness and not wanting black people in the territory, not wanting black people around themwhen looking at how slavery is violence, it gives a new dimension talking about abolition, our black leaders well within their rights to retaliate? all of these arguments become getnsely important as we closer to the civil war. the violence is much more on the table. the violence has always been on the table. >> [indiscernible] [laughter] .> that is some fable the lastght, you get question. >> is this one on? i have a question for joann, but i think it is outward. folks out there afraid of the sectional other and i wondered if you could speak to why? the if it started with southerners. the virginia planters were very -- vehement about slavery. initially they were, slavery is a necessary evil. by the 1820's, they were, like, no, we need this. this is good. what were the reasons behind the fear of the sectional other? self? isgin with the it tied to the fact that by the time we get to the 1830's southerners become convinced with the cotton boom that they have a really superior civilizati

much of lack crime is black on black crime and white crime is white on white crime.happens goes back earlier to some of the comments that my colleague was making about the tens which over the years, to magnify the prevalence of crime, the immediacy of crime, and because we see it on the news come in makes it more real than it may actually be in our daily lives. to some extent, we have to distance ourselves from the immediacy of those reports in the press and be less scared because the probability of somebody being a victim of a crime is not high. crime has been going down this country. people in this country about crime, they would say new york, it's probably out of control. yes, in new york. but homicides are at record lows in the for -- in the last few decades and we have to look at the statistics and look at what is going on and be a little less fearful of those things that are just different from the rest of us. guest: i agree. certainly down and we focus so much on it. also with the caller said, he talked about africa and america first. everything should be abou

black people are different shades of brown. they are not really black. just like european americans are not really white, they are hand or pink base. so i'm explaining this. he didn't completely agree with him. i just want to say when it's at the white people were not really white. he said yes, they are. i said no, they are not. then i could tell you more, it's in the book, i will not tell you the whole story but i will say this. i was concerned about the tone of his voice when he asked me if he was black, like maybe there was something wrong with being black. so i wanted to make a positive connection. i said you can tell you french are african-american. if the color language isn't working for you, you can tell your friends that are african-american. then i started talking about how proud he should be to the african-american, and i was talking about all the things i knew about africa, and a pleased to say i knew some things. so i'm going on in a very positively about africa and being, of african dissent which he said if africa so great, what are we doing

people and black communities.mediate positive impact. and people know that. so i think that these are the kind of facts and information whetted into the debate about what direction for the democratic party. because we also know from a democratic already establishment that there is a war against the sanders influence within the party. there was a purge of sanders supporters within the democratic national committee. so there is going to be a reckoning in that party about actual direction is. i think for progressives, for the left, and certainly for radicals, that the ease with which people cave in to the decisions to back various democratic party leaders, take off or democratic party candidates, remove the pressure to force thatary party to actually see attention to the agenda of ordinary people from below. and that is a calculus that has to shift in the coming elections. amy: we're going to go to break and come back to this discussion. keeanga-yamahtta taylor from princeton university, author of "from #blacklivesma

black boys and black girls go to school, still the same. a few weeks ago in december, including selma, alabama, and at the board, the black belt is about the richness of the soil, the richness of the spirit, black people, i look to the fact that selma put jones over the top in alabama. 50 years later, the spirit once changed, but what does that change look like in 2018 and what are the lessons to learn from the past as we move forward, sitting in the now moment. i want to start with mary frances berry who i love sitting at the knee and listening to her wisdom and the stories she tells. she told me a story this weekend i want you to regale it to the crowd. when caretta scott king was alive they use to talk on mlk day and the question was, what was the question? use your microphone, use your microphone, your microphone. it would be -- talk about two things. one, talk about what would martin do about whatever was going on? what would martin do? we would talk about it and what would martin say? we would talk about what martin would have said ab

wrong with being black. so i wanted to make a positive connection. i said you could tell you venture african american. if the color language is working for you. you can tell your friends your african-american and then i started talking about how proud he should be to the african-american and i was talking about all the things i knew about africa and i'm pleased to say i do some things. and so i'm going on in a very positively about africa and being, of african dissent, to which he said it africa so great, what are we doing here? how can you answer that question with a talking about slavery? so then we had this conversation about slavery, and if you want to know more about exactly what i said i'm just going to take this moment to say i made a 10x talk about which you can find on youtube. and the type of that tedx talk is, is my skin brown because i drank chocolate milk? and it is about how to talk to children about race. but let me just say in my narrative as i'm describing to about slavery there were three t