as the prototype for pandemic preparedness, even though you can have a pandemic with other types of diseases, usually respiratory diseases that spread the. -- spread rapidly. the thing i would like to discuss is how we separate seasonal and pandemic influenza, but we should think about them as one. hopefully it will become obvious why i say that, and what i show you will hopefully convince you of that. when you look at the artificial separation of seasonal and pandemic influenza, seasonal --luenza is hardly cryptic highly predictable and highly unpredictable. the highly predictable part is that we will have an influence outbreak for certain every single winter in the northern hemisphere, and in the southern atmosphere they will have it in their winter. since seasonal flus change very little from season to season, there is always a degree of residual background immunity in the population. that is critical to why seasonal flu is not a pandemic every year. let's take a look at the numbers and the unappreciated mortality with influenza seasonally. in the united states, if you sideat the

going to start off with the concept that we are talking about, pandemic preparedness. and obviously, influenza. even though you can have a pandemic with other types of disease, usually it would be respiratory diseases that spread rapidly. the theme i would like to build how we separate seasonal and pandemic influenza. we really should think about them as one. hopefully it will become obvious to you why i say that. what i'm going to show you hopefully will convince you of that. influenza, only talk about influenza, it is highly predictable and highly unpredictable. the highly predictable part is that we will have influenza outbreak every single winter in the northern hemisphere. annually, and since seasonal flu's changed very always a degree of residual background immunity in the population. that is critical to why seasonal flu is not a pandemic every year. let's take a look at the numbers. if youunited states, look at the left-hand side of is around 56,000 cases of death per year. globally is on the right-hand side. the economic cause is substantial. it is about $10 bil

one that i would highlight is the preparedness we have for pandemic or bioterrorism pandemic. we don't have the tools, preparedness, capacity to deal with that. and yet the science is a point where for a fairly small portion of that increase, you could do something quite miraculous in terms of security. there is a specific way to fund a little complicated because the civilian side of the defense by both need to work together to achieve that. so to see if you can get excited about that is something to prioritize. >> let's be clear. the president has said, has treated him said in other settings that foreign aid is the cause of our budget deficit in the country spends way too much on helping other countries and it's time to start helping our country. that is the message that the president has said multiple times in multiple venues. react to that. how do you get a president who is allergic it seems to some of these ideas? >> part of it is so obscure that people bring it up even in the negative sense. and then, having the chance to explain to people that it is less than 1% the u.s.

i would highlight the preparedness we have for the pandemic, a bioterrorism intention called pandemic, we don't have the tools, the preparedness, the capacity to deal with that. pointe science is at a for a very small portion of that increase, say, if you percent a year. you can do something quite barak in terms of security. there is a specific way that this one is a little complicated. there is the civil side of the defense side that needs to work together to achieve that. to see if you can get excited about that as something to prioritize. >> the president has said, has tweeted and said in other settings that foreign aid is the cause of our budget deficit and the country spends way too much on helping other countries. it is time to start helping our country. it is a message the president has said multiple times. how do you get a president that is allergic, it seems, to some of these ideas. it is so skier and people bring it up even in a negative sense, at least they are bringing it up. and then have a chance to explain to people that it is less than 1% the u.s. budget. and when you

one that i would highlight would be the preparedness we have for a pandemic either a cause pandemic or a bioterrorism pandemic. we don't have the tools, the preparedness or the capacity to deal with that and yet the science is, fairly small portion of that increase. you could do something quite miraculous in terms of health security and their-- it's very confiscated because the civilian side of the defense side both need to work together to achieve that. it's something to prioritize. >> let's be clear the president has tweeted in said another settings that foreign aid is the cause of our budget deficit and the country spends way too much on helping other countries in its time to start helping our country. that is the message that the president has said both times in multiple venues. how do you get a president who is allergic it seems to some of these ideas? >> foreign aid is so obscure that people bring it up in a negative sense. and to have a chance to explain to people that it's less than 1% do a budget and often you don't connect with saving lives with hiv medicine. the pepfar progr

one that i would highlight is that the preparedness we have for pandemic, either and naturally caused pandemic or a bioterrorism intention called pandemic, we don't have the tools, the preparedness, the capacity to deal with that. and yet the science is at a point where, for a very small portion of that increase, say a few percent a year, you could do something quite miraculous in terms of health security. and there's a specific way, this one is a little complicated because the civilian side and the defense side both need to work together to achieve that. so you can get excited about that as something to prioritize with the new spending. >> let's be clear. the president has said, has tweeted instead in other settings that foreign aid is the cause of our budget deficit and is, the country spends way too much on hoping other countries, and it's time to start helping our country. that is a message the president has said multiple times in multiple venues. react to that. how'd you get a president who is allergic it seems to some of these ideas? >> foreign aid is so obscure that if people b

partnership to help advance knowledge of key policy issues today's topic is that of pandemics one of the challenges we face is preparedness for the pandemic outbreak of infectious disease and no one better to speak to the threat and the challenges and what the future may hold than our speaker today the director of the national institute for allergy and infectious diseases. thank you for being here is a b in interesting discussion and we have a lot to learn so now i will turn it over to the president and ceo for the alliance of policy. >> good morning thank you for being here and i am president and ceo of the alliance of northern policy and if you are not familiar we are a nonpartisan organization dedicated to expanding knowledge of health policy issues. also for the support and partnership in their series asking questions for reporters on key policy issues and our speaker today doctor felt she for being here today. and with a 1918 flu pandemic pandemic killed more than 50 people locally and 100 years later contending with the rest of the influence outbreak as well as others while making headlines for the severity with a p

barda was established and empowered with special authorities in the pandemic and all hazards preparedness act , guided by a national strategy on pandemic influenza and largely funded through supplemental appropriations. we have proven what can be done when the government is able to hire the best people, work with the best partners, and remain focused on a strategic fight against influenza. we have shown that the barda model works. cupave achieved 34 approval's from the fda for drugs, vaccines, and diagnostics against a wide range of threats. we have increased the influenza vaccine capacity by 10 fold. we have shortened the response time with modern technologies and we have never supplied vaccine production -- we have diversified vaccine production outflows. successan rival barda's in pushing new products to the marketplace. we are proud of the new flu vaccines. firstinclude the world's flu vaccine and the largest vaccine production facility. we are not done yet. everything that barda and our partners have done can make our seasonal influenza vaccines better. and more responsible -- respon

barda was established and empowered with special authorities in the pandemic and all hazards preparedness act guided by a national strategy on pandemic influenza and largely funded through supplemental appropriations. we have proven what can be done when the government is able to hire the best people, work with the best partners and remain focused on a strategic fight against influenza. we have shown that the barda model works. with our industry and our federal partners, barda has achieved 34 approvals from the fda for drugs, vaccines and diagnostics against a wide range of threats. we have increased domestic flu vaccine capacity in world class production facilities. we have shortened the vaccine response time with modern technologies and we have diversified vaccine production platforms. most of that right here in america. no one can rival barda's success in expanding capacity in pushing new products to the marketplace. we are proud of these new flu vaccines and they are being produced in pennsylvania, north carolina, connecticut and new york. these include the world's first recombinant f

when you talk about influenza preparedness that marries you for the. for a pandemic. i wrote an article getting into the problem of growing of eggs leading to a less effective vaccine to emphasize the need of a universal flu vaccine. so now there are some criticisms that are simple now but not fully appreciated before we really understood the structural buyout -- biology of these viruses. from the left-hand side is the influenza model. leading to one protein the molecule which is to the cell receptor that we get sick with the flu. in interesting things as a molecule of the head and the stem. think of a mushroom with a cap. that is what the immune system responds again. that is the good news. the bad news is the head has many mutations that change from season to season. but the stem has few mutations the red dots are mutations so how do you make that response selectively against the part that does not change? and there is one example among many investigators at the nih have a situation now where they can take the molecule and shave off the head is called the head the s