during that time, early african-american leaders went to of vanderbilt -- a lot african-american craftsmen were helping build the biltmore estate. approachedleaders mr. stevens about building a space for them. -- was a multipurpose building. on the first floor it was all businesses. up top, they had a gym and a swimming pool. the library for african-americans was here. jewel, likel stevens lee. and the sole purpose was recreation and economic purposes. said we mr. vanderbilt don't -- i don't want the building anymore. you have got to come up with the money to get the building. those same african-american business owners and leaders had to pull their money together to purchase -- and it becomes community property. from 1906 to the integration period of the 1960's, it was a booming destination. but when you talk to some elders, they would say, integration was the most devastating thing to black businesses and education. a lot of businesses took a downturn during integration, and so did -- the building was scheduled to be condemned and torn down. individuals in a group of churches, both black

do you know when african-americans first came to the area? >> there has always been an african-american presence here in the mountains. people come in to town and say where are the black people? we started doing this study and started saying african-americans go back to the very founding of asheville. it was more so in the earlier days than what we have today. what the know population of african-americans in the community is today? noun -- aree are a around 9%. people feel because of the amount of gentrification that a lot of african-americans are moving out of the city and further out into the counties or moving altogether. >> when did you come back to asheville and why did you start doing these tours? >> i moved back in 2001. on the phone me and said i want you to come back. so i came back. when i moved back the neighborhood my family was in for over 100 years was drug infested. it was like wow. i used to come back here in the summertime to go relax. this is happening back in the 80's. there is a lot of craziness in forcedghborhood and it m

the segregation combined with the depression has pushed african-american employees, african-american workers out of places they had formerly occupied. what this means in places like st. louis or birmingham or new york or philadelphia, urban centers, is places where black communities reside. african-americans are not working in stores and businesses and shops in their own communities. right? and so, for instance, in the 1930s, adam clayton powell who will go on to become a powerful congressman spearheads a series of don't buy where you can't work boycotts in harlem, for instance. and so that's one example of the efforts to, again, get included in the mainstream of american life. other efforts, the napolitaacp d in 1909. by the 1930s, they're in the process of chipping away at legal segregation. again, this is an organization primarily dedicated to the legal route of getting rid of segregation. segregation is a legal entity. let's make it unconstitutional. and that's going to be a two-decade battle. but in the 1930s -- beginning in the 1930s, the naacp begins to make significant stride

so again, african-american newspapers are filling a crucial role for african-american communities and they're covering all of the news that papers end up covering. whether it's the paparazzi, and whether it's baseball and the negro league information and whatever it is, right? you know if it's really important and you have national or international political implications for black folks or whether or not jackie robinson came to town for a gala event the other day. the black press is covering black america because mainstream newspapers are not doing this work, and so with the advent of migration and more african-americans leaving the south and coming to the north, we're seeing increased coverage, right? we're seeing a massive increase in circulation. so black newspapers go from a circulation of 300,000 copies in the 1920s to over 1.8 million in 1945. 1.8 million in 1945. and so what we see is that these papers are reflecting the attitudes of its readers, right? black folk are clearly fed up with the double standard of discrimination and this is becoming blazingly evident again as we fi

when the african-americans obliged, he sang along with them. mary dines reported that he was so tenderhearted, his eyes filled up when he went over to bid the real old folks goodbye. he was, she said, no president when he came to camp. he just stood and sang and prayed just like the rest of the people. lincoln was cordial to the black employees at the white house. resident wells, a seamstress recalled that he treated the servants like people and would laugh and say kind things to them. echoing her, the performance -- the former slave elizabeth kettner, mrs. lincoln's dressmaker and confident told a journalist that i love him, that is the president, for his kind manner toward me. he was as kind and considerate in his treatment toward me as he was to any of the white people about the white house. the best example of lincoln's solicitude for black staff members is his treatment of william johnson, a valet/barber who accompanied the first family on their journey from springfield to washington in 1861. at first, johnson worked at the executive mansi

he wrote about african americans in the war, african-americans and lincoln. and i have in my own way gone back in a couple of issues that he wrote about to see if there was more to say. in two major areas, i found there was and i have written articles that are like scholarly articles about -- that expand on what he was doing. because of digitized newspapers and the kind of range of questions we can ask now, i think, i have been surprised at how much scholarship there still could be about lincoln and race and lincoln and african-americans. if people could just go beyond the stories that get told over and over again. go back to primary sources and use the sources at our disposal. i think there is more to say. >> obviously the answer we wanted to hear. what is your next project? kate: i am working on a book about the origins of the 14th amendment and the antislavery movement. i have written a lot about reconstruction but this book is about going much earlier and talking about the things that ended up in reconstruction policy, especially the 14th amendment, had t

it he free african-americans? do this was one of many policies that led and peoplencipation in slavery were breaking their bonds. they were leaving slavery. they were refusing to work and andng towards union lines making slavery untenable on the ground. so in very many ways, they freed themselves or at the very least put things in motion. they put a problem in motion that the government was not going to be able to solve. they made it impossible to do anything other than move towards emancipation. >> that is a good way to end. thank you so much. thank you dr. masur. [applause] thank you all. i'm the executive director of the cottage. thank you for coming to the cottage and we hope to see you again really soon. take care. announcer: this week is the 50th anniversary of martin luther king jr.'s assassination. onn us for live coverage c-span and american history tv on c-span3. on c-span tuesday at 1:00 eastern we're live from the university of memphis holiday in with taylor branch and then on wednesday at 4:30 p.m., l

for african-americans in the southern states the situation is dire. in mississippi alabama and georgia white racists are terrorizing blacks. as bombing homeless lynching innocent people and murdering schoolchildren all because it had a leaf in as a period of the white race. on his way to the hotel king stops at the lincoln memorial where he will deliver his speech the following day. one hundred years before president abraham lincoln freed the slaves but the abolition of slavery did not bring about equal rights for african-americans. gabriel . king will deliver his message with the majestic statue of lincoln seated behind him. lincoln wanted to light the beacon of freedom for millions but in the late summer of one thousand nine hundred sixty three the reality is very. different in the south blacks are segregated from whites on buses in packs and restaurants many a turned back at the voting booth when they are able to find work the jobs are only paying. in response king takes every opportunity to call for nonviolent civil disobedience but stop short of

history, military history, and african american intellectual history. was praised as a landmark study and won numerous awards, including the 2011 award, legacy foundation and the 2011 distinguished book award from the society for military history. aftermath of the --, he co-edited the charleston syllabus, which was circulated among history teachers and faculty and was recently published by the university of georgia press is the charles ton syllabus. he is currently leading a study of w.e.b. dubois in world war i. i can think of no better historians to guide us through a conversation on the relationship of citizenship and protest in the american past. please give a warm welcome to our panel. [no audio] -- [applause] thank you all for coming out. gavin, forclaire and getting the ball rolling and coming up with this idea, and to john, crystal, and chad for agreeing to be part of it. forre going to each talk seven-10 minutes, no more than that, and then we will talk to each other. then you will talk to us and we will talk to each other. protests tonight is

and that's what we african-americans don't do.just blindly click for the democrats and we hate the republicans, and there are good republicans. there are republicans who have done amazing things for the african-american community, but there need to be a lot more. >> to president trump directly reached out to african-americans during the campaign. what do you have to lose? you remember that. he now touts the unemployment rate. isn't there something to that? >> that kind of outreach to me is disrespectful. what do you have to lose? that's not outreach. you need to go talk to people. you need to engage people. >> black unemployment, i should say. >> i would say that is the obama rollover effect. president trump has sustained it and he gets credit for that. it's not increasing. and it's here, but we know that those numbers have a lot behind them. many people stopped looking for jobs. there is underemployment. there are educated african-americans with all the degrees they were told to get that still face race discrimination, gender dis

had been freed but no african-american virtually no african-american certainly in the south had not known generations of slavery so at some level we are fighting the same battles that we've been fighting before and it's not because we're failing now it's just because of the prevalence of the of the both the discrimination and i think the dehumanisation of african-americans so when african-americans now are talking about economic equality of course we're talking about equality of opportunity and when we're talking about equality of opportunity that means a number of things giving us access to the educational resources the financial resources the ability to apply fairly for jobs the ability to to keep jobs without discrimination and it's actually very hard i think in this society that has really been built on the subjugation of african-american people and society is now reckoning with that problem to get short term gains in economic advancement when we're really dealing with such a hard problem having said that a number of african-american people men women have really moved into the m

i look to a lot of african-american intellectuals. people like w.e.b. dubois, and william montague cobb, an anatomy professor at howard university and the first black physical anthropologist. he uses a lot of medical and anthropological knowledge to make arguments about what racial difference really does and does not do and how things like eugenics can be used to mobilize those for a greater good. susan: tell me about w.e.b dubois. ms. nurridin: he is interested in thinking about how the collective race can be improved on a social level through education and on a biological level. it is usually framed as a kind of respectability politics in terms of education and religion and moral improvement. there is a biological underpinning about who is actually fit enough to constitute this talent population. i have a number of interesting little nuggets from his work. one was an article from margaret sanger's birth-control review where he published in a special issue thousand titled "a negro number" about black people in -- and birth-control. the concluding sente

for african-americans. he interacted with cass welch and joe shannon. so he comes from the rabbit faction. those positions in those hospitals were political. and welch and thompkins got into it with one another over the management of the general hospital number two. in 1922, the kansas city star reported that dr. thompkins had brought the old ramshackle institution up to a standard where it was approved by the american public health association and the american medical association. and then after that, shannon and welch and thompkins get into it with one another. he in some resigning his superintendency. but there was another issue on the table, which was very important. tompkins, because the eighth ward was predominately african-american, in 1920, organized a rival democratic club in the eighth ward that rivaled welch and shannon and they did not like that. at all. and that was probably the reason why he resigned. in 1926, the pendergast, the goat faction, hired thompkins to reason why he resigned. in 1926

coleman, a nationally prominent african american lawyer doctor.purchased the property to construct a purpose building medical facility to serve bayview residents. originally from philadelphia, dr. coleman earned his medical degree from howard medical college in washington d.c. in 1944 and served as a doctor for the u.s. air force hospital from 1945 to 1948. following his service at the air force, dr. coleman relocated to san francisco and by the end of 1948, had established a private medical practice in the bayview becoming the bayview's first african american doctor and one of only a few -- a handful of doctors in the neighborhood in general. opening in 1960, dr. coleman's medical center reflected the style of the period and served as a modern symbol of community health, progress, and success. opening in 1960, dr. coleman's medical center reflected the style of the period and served as a modern symbol of community health, progress and success. he recruited a team of african american doctors to provide him in his vision of providing comprehendsive

and today, over one half of all african-americans are renting. we are paying somebody's a mortgage note. those who do not live in our communities. if we can help put somebody in the white house, if we can get out and vote and cause the person to be over housing, the housing administration, we can do all this, and we can't put our people in homes? >> , , on. >> we as african-american women can do all things with god. why can't we put just our people, along with anybody else, who deserves a home? why can't we put them in a home? well, i and in business of lending money for mortgages to pay off your current mortgage and get another one to get straightened out. i am lending money all over 48 states. why can't i do that for our people? well, my heart is focused on helping those who qualifies for a loan or who have been discriminated against because of their nationality, their color, their sex, and their national -- [laughing] okay, i hear you. okay. well anyway, my heart is focusing on helping all people, african-americans especially. if we can do all

literacy tests and that was is what dr king was fighting against to give them for african-americansa voice in political processes it's really hard for many to imagine what that was like in the united states of that time after the second world war where black or african-american served in the second world war also valiantly how did african-americans continue to face institutionalized racism if you will discrimination even after the end of slavery in the u.s. how was that possible threat you mention their contribution to the world wars because african-american served in segregated units with white leaders so there was not an integrated on me until one thousand nine hundred eighty eight in the united states but after the civil war after the end of slavery there were three constitutional amendments that were aimed to end slavery give citizenship and voting rights for african-americans but people in the south in order to maintain that order of white supremacy found ways and legal provisions to carve african-americans to keep them out of political processes and the above mentioned legal c

african-americans were overcome with grief and gripped by rage. despair sees arthur newbie, an 18-year-old who attended hamilton high school in memphis. a lot of the world and completely, he wrote. i thought there was no reason to continue living and above all, i wanted to kill myself. foul deed, or in this world, he wantedto opt out of it. wthe classmate 17-year-old frankie gross broke down in tears. >> grows new that people all over the world more and i felt better knowing it . at the same time, he realized that a violent anger was surging through the black neighborhoods of memphis . you can see and feel the hate in the negro community after the assassination . people took guns to work the next day, waiting for a white person to do anything wrong. othe actions of law enforcement officials only intensified this theory. national guard rose through the city in tax x and attempted to seal up african-american neighborhoods. the black felt doubly victimized. their leader was slaughtered by a white assailant and they were treated as criminals. in the d

african-americans. it was also religiously diverse, including jews, catholics, protestants. while as county official, he interacted with all those kinds of people in concert to its -- and constituents. what i want to accomplish in this presentation, it was not only truman's association with the machine that transformed him into this urban liberal, but also a re-energized democratic party in 1932 that appealed to women, younger voters, and african-americans. and for the machine, including women was significantly challenging. there was another article on the website that focuses on that. truman saw how these constituencies, women, younger voters, and after can americans, supported friend gwendolyn roosevelt and first election in 1932 in kansas city -- supportive franklin delano roosevelt in his first election in 1932 in kansas city. there is one of the category of experiences that harry truman drew upon in crafting his knowledge of book -- his political knowledge of different constituencies. those were th

need african-american officers to bring in their points of view that ten years ago the u.s. elected its first african-american president there was suddenly a black president in the white house and for many this was a watershed moment filled with hope yet since then things don't seem to have gotten any better what has changed for the worse in america since then i don't think things have changed for the words necessarily but this very symbolic moment of iraq obama being elected the first african-american president of the united states was a moment of hope and the hope for change was great but the us has seen a history of racism and discrimination for three hundred fifty years and i think fifty years since the civil rights movement is just too short to address all of these issues first thank you so much for being with us today professor your boston sebastian from american from the john f. kennedy institute at berlin's free university thanks for being with us this morning thanks for having me. cross over to christophe for our business is also taking a look at the economic legacy

for many whites it was the first time they had hosted african-americans. they acted as the de facto headquarters. divided food and blankets and sheets. roads of army cats dotted classrooms. it seemed every structure in the city held grieving visitors. james baldwin was one of those who made the pilgrimage to atlanta. baldwin said at a hotel. he didn't stay in an army cot in a classroom. they left the hotel -- atlanta hotel. it is of course where king had been a preacher. that's where the service was held. they squeezed their way closer to the church. outside the church he leaned -- leaned up against the cadillac. but brown didn't see them. once till someone on the church steps recognized him. he followed his escort into the church and found a seat among the thousand souls press in ebenezer. he held a lineup of celebrity entertainers. abernathy was a basically the second second-in-command. in the civil rights organization. baldwin were in the atmosphere it was black with tension indescribable. as something perhaps the heavens and the earth might crack. as a

there were 60 african-american businesses here. this building in front of us is the young men's institute, built 1893 with a loan from mr. vanderbilt. people went to mr. vanderbilt while they were .uilding the biltmore estate they did not have a place for radiatio recreation. so mr. stephens approached them about building a space for them. floor base on the first it was all businesses. up top, they had a gymnasium, swing pool, a real multipurpose building. jewel, likel stevens lee, the centerpiece of the block, and the sole purpose was recreation and economic purposes. by 1906, mr. vanderbilt said i don't want the building. you need to come up with the money to get the building. those same african-american business owners and leaders, 40 of them, pooled their money together to purchase it and it becomes community property. 1906, the integration. of the 1960's, it was a booming damon nas destination. elders, thek to the integration was the most devastating thing, and a lot of businesses took a downturn during that integration and so

in the southeast, georgia, a largely major minority group or -- or african americans, even more african americans moved to georgia. atlanta is one of the biggest attractors of african americans in the united states, but also more hispanics and asians moving to georgia. georgia has had a 60% white eligible voter population in 2016, goes down to nearly 50% white in 2036. that will be the case, not quite as big of a change in states like virginia, north carolina, and other parts of the south. if you think about it this way, a lot of these southern states and even some of the mountain west states prior to barack obama's election in 2008, were largely republican states for many elections. some shifts but for many elections those states were largely republican states by virtue of the strong, white voting preference. they're becoming much more minority over time and more in play for the democrats. the other side when you look at the whiter states, the other parts of the country, those states, too, are becoming a little bit more diverse over time. even in 2036, quite a slew of states will have

>> extreme violence against african americans throughout the south with the lynchings. prof.bohannon: lynchings, some of which are horrible public spectacles, right? some of these hangings or burnings were in the woods, but some were not. some were witnessed by hundreds and hundreds of people. and then lastly, the democratic party in the south was taking steps, right, effective steps, to this and franchise african-americans and remove them from the voter rolls, so there is a lot going on at this time when these monuments are being erected that is important, right. presentthis up to the and to interject my own opinion here, i am not sure that confederate monuments should remain in public spaces without additional interpretation without objective signage that helps place then in the context of the times in which they were erected, signage that would have objective text, right. that is easier said than done, i think, right, arriving at beective texts will difficult and contentious, but new interpretive markers could inform readers about the lost cause mythology we have been talk

very briefly, my new work is on history of african-american genealogy and family histories. on this point of memory and what goes underground or fugitives in the aftermath ofug reconstructin and the impossibility of public commemoration if feel strongly that what his happening behind closed doors is incredibly important in terms of the transmission of stories and what grandmothers other grandchildren at bedtime or at the kitchen table or while laboring. heather williams and others have written beautifully about the relationship between this and the impossibility of much of these traditions during slavery. one in three approximately one in three enslaved children experience a major separation thata family member and meant the deprivation of not just family members but family history. i think the names are not going to be known in many cases until we look for them and find them and write them down but many do have them and i see this in the classroom with my students. they often say i don't have anything they have no record and paper and let's start there and when someone does

i am proud to serve at cbs, i am the most senior african-american writ large, but african american woman in public television news. if you were to say to me who comes after you? i would not say these are people already in the system. and so whether it is developing a pipeline, really working to create opportunities to bring people in earlier in their career, so they do have a chance to rise up within these institutions, and not just having a value level on conversation in our organizations and advancing the level of people and committing the resources in order to get to use any other asset. [indiscernible] mr. prince: right around the election, some newsroom looked up and realized there were more black people living in the white house than working for their publication. [laughter] mr. prince: this was literally true. we have to get some of those. that kind of thinking. someone said that to me. mr. cobb: we have to get some of those. and we should. towards the end of the obama era, msnbc was egregious, we saw what people on twitter or calling the un-blackening. they certainly government o

as an african-american woman being a republican, jack inspired me. he came to my college campus late in the 1980's. i am dating myself. i was inspired by him, he was a great repuican. i am a moderate, a rhino. we're not too popular these days. this country needs two strong parties, a good republican and democrat party. on air onnalist, msnbc, a contributor at nbc news. i've written a lot of books. lawyer, lobbyist, i have done it in this town. host: from your personal experience what do you see things as? as a womanman of -- of color, we have a long way to go. fortune 500 tells you everything. there are maybe four or five women ceos. angela burns stepped down after years of service. kathy deloitte. even our white sisters are not doing well. women of color are very far behind. four men of color, imprisonment, how they are being treated by law enforcement -- for men of color, imprisonment, how they're beating treated, there is this malaise. i'm concerned about is going backwards. it feels like we're going backwards instead of going forward. we have the

the last is clear, you can't charge african-americans more than you charge whites.at higher rates. it should all be about the credit, not about the color of your skin. and yet we still haven't lived up to a law that is a half a century old. so for me, this is about you got a put a cop on the beat and then get that cop to enforce the law. reverend, this is why we built the consumer financial protection bureau and why we supported it. in that it has right there in it a unit on discriminatory lending and right now the problem with the consumer agency is its got mick mulvaney and 12 months has gone by and they have not enforced any action. >> this is the law. you have to stand in for the delegates and where this is the law. >> yeah. >> and i think you running for re-election in massachusetts, it is not enough to just say trump is no good but we want to do these things and this is what you specifically outlined this morning on the network. >> this is what gets me up in the morning. look, you know me and my background. you know iu up out in oklahoma, we didn't have much o

slightly better among african-american voters than mitt romney would increase turnout among african-americans and the shift back to the democratic party this is what actually happened he 16 and as we shift forward in time we see pennsylvania, michigan florida north carolina, which barack obama did not win in 2012 with a four rates would result in the flip and also joining the democratic column it is one of the few states where african-american population is growing and doing so quite quickly as a result the dynamics of these higher levels of african-american would flip this into the democratic column this is a huge win for democrats if that would occur with the electoral college would be won by 339 there isn't too many changes in this scenario except 2028 but by then we look at a 360 vote when by north carolina even going dark blue heavily democratic at that point. >> the third scenario what happens with the racial groups going to the gop? one of those major narratives the last couple years is that republican party has been trying to appeal to the new and growing populations to have a path fo

i guess briefly, my new work is on history of african-american genealogy and african-american familystory and all this point about memory and what goes underground or fugitives in the aftermath of reconstruction and the impossibility of public commemoration, i feel very strongly that what is happening behind closed doors is incredibly important in terms of the transmission of stories, grandmothers tell their grandchildren at bedtime or at the kitchen table or while laboring. heather williams and others have written beautifully about the relationship between the kind of impossibility of much of these traditions during slavery, so one in three approximately enslaved children experience major separation from a family member and that's also not just the deprivation of family members, but family history and so i think the names won't be known in many cases until we look for them and find them and write them down, but many have them within their family history and i'd to this in the classroom with my students and they opted that don't know anything. we have no records are paper and i say l

we talked a lot about the african-american vote and what i think is a difficulty all things equal and i think with president trump all things are not equal to all things being equal getting that to return to the 2008, 2012 level of turnout isn't just an histori the histoe of barack obama's candidacy in that he was the first african-american president because i think quite frankly self-insured for the the trip io the position he was, but he was able to do that by keeping the white working class largely on board it was tremendous but we wouldn't have seen from the other politicians we've seen along the way. that was the concern that jesse jackson has a different presidential run than barack obama then there's the question of the white working class which is what happens if those trend lines continue. there's already a buzz voters out there somewhere along 40% of the electorate. but supplements sooner or later you start to run into college students who yet do not have college degrees and are not susceptible to the message and start running two baristas so there is a ceiling for the repub

african americans moved to georgia. atlanta is one of the biggest attractors of african americans in the united states, but more hispanics and asians -- asians moving to georgia. that will also be the case not quite as big a change in states like virginia, north carolina, and other parts of the south. it you think about it this way, a lot of these southern states, and even some of the mountain west states, prior to barack obama's election in 2008 were largely republican states for many elections. some shifts, but for many elections, many republican states, but their becoming much more minority over time and more in play for the democrats. the of the set when you look of wider states and other parts of the country, those states are becoming a little bit more diverse over time. even in 2036 even in 2036, quite a slew of states will have at least 70% of eligible voters that are white. these include the famous states of wisconsin, michigan, ohio, and pennsylvania that stuck out in a 2016 election that is moving republican b

when an african-american mother told me that she was driving down st. charles avenue with her 12 year old daughter in the back of her car and her daughter said what is that man up there what did he do he was a general what war did he fight in. did he fight for me. and the mother said no. he fight against you. he was fighting to keep slavery. forget about the rhetorical beauty of that story is a true story what is the answer what is the answer to that young in the city that 60% african-american. what is the answer to her. and do you think that robert e lee was put there to help her become who she wants to be or not that's her property that's hers. i can explain to me. i started thinking to myself how am i going to explain this to my grandchildren what did you do. i built a couple of hospitals and clinics. what is the answer. i was scared. i do understand my history. i did not have the power. that's why i have to say we've got to do it. when you figure out that something is wrong and that you can actually course correct it. why would you walk by the and l

i was fortunate, and i am one of the rare, and i'm in the 1% of the african-american boys that made itthe top and i'm a rare story and we need to make sure that we change policies so i'm not such a rare story. >> brie, you came to prominence when you decided to remove the confederate flag from the state capitol in south carolina and this was after dylan roof shot up a church of worshippers and you even recited the lord's prayer as you were being arrested. was there anything of dr. king going through your mind at that point? >> yes. absolutely. in the lead-up to the time that i scaled the pole, i was aware of the dangers that i faced really even more so than being arrested and my primary concern was a vigilante coming by with a gun and that was my greatest concern and i reflected very much so on king, on non-violence and civil disobedience on the kind of courage that it took for everyone who participated in the movement to do what i did, and i also recognized that the rights i have today i wouldn't enjoy were it not for people who exercised what they exercised in the time of which they