and then we could look at the geneticist james watson — now, genetics something you've been working ons a realistic ambition because at long last, we largely know its true genetic and chemical characteristics. we may finally be ready for that war." do you think that level of optimism is more justifiable today? well, i remain a sort of — i remain a middle optimist. i absolutely think that important strides have ben made in the last five years, even the last three years, including things like understanding the genetics and the chemical nature of cancer and also, as the — as your other respondent pointed out, not only understanding the cancer cell but the environment, the home it builds around itself, the immune attack on the cancer cell, we're understanding this as a seed and soil idea. we still have to develop fundamentally new cancer therapies. if you take immunological therapy as one example, very widely celebrated, lots of hot news around it, and absolutely, there are many cancers that are being cured or at least treated and put into remission through immunological therapy. but we st