the lack of economic endeavor across western europe all exacerbated the situation. as a various allied occupation armies endeavored to govern, to root out all vestiges of nazi to supply vast numbers of german civilians and german demobilized troops with foods and supplies. in the united states, initial concerns about the end of substantial government spending with the end of the war was seen to be somewhat unfounded. consumerece led to a spending boom. the postwar period across some countries in europe had a spell of economic activity and to 1945. that in 1946 and 1947, exacerbated by the disaster -- disastrous cold winter, economic production ground to a halt even further. in germany, the situation was even worse. the inhabitants relied almost totally on the allies to feed them and to clothe them. the treatment of germany was the catalyst for the split in the western allies and the soviet union. initially, u.s. and allied policy towards germany was guided by the precepts of the plan, proposed by u.s. secretary of the treasury, it suggested an in punitive response t

we often forget how important the western zones of germany were to the revival of western europe. keep forget how important the western in mind, however, that these initiatives, these initiatives toward western germany engendered anxiety throughout europe, not only in the soviet union, not only in poland, but also these initiatives triggered enormous anxiety in france, in holland, and great britain. everyone in europe in 1947 was traumatized by the war that had just ended. and everyone in europe feared the revival of german power over the long-term. everyone was aware, right, within their lifetimes, everyone was aware that in 1917 and 1918, germany had been defeated, supposedly disarmed, and within a generation, germany not only recovered, hitler had taken control and within 22 years or so, germany dominated the entirety of the european continent, occupied all of western europe and very large parts of eastern europe and soviet russia. that was the memory of all policymakers in europe and all people in europe in 1947. so there was tremendous worry about the implications of the marsh

and i think they have good chances of feather aging of bringing together all the populists in western europe across australia will follow a group of visit poland and other countries will follow as well but in all other countries from sweden where the screen democrats in in week's time of the elections can probably get twenty twenty five percent of the vote or to france or even spain now you have many populist swap fed up with the policies of migration or the absence of policy of migration of europe since two thousand and fifteen they have not been able to do anything you know and one mr dean mighell of the of the vice prime minister in the government of chief was telling one a study miles said if it continues we will not pay out june to the european union

over migrant integration rise in neighboring france we look at how the issue is being handled in western europe and. also this hour the attorney for donald trump's former lawyer backtracks on his earlier groundbreaking claims about the information his client could provide to prove russia collusion. and un investigators say top military officials in myanmar should be prosecuted for genocide and crimes against humanity directed towards for thinking muslims. thanks for joining us just on one am here in moscow watching our international with me daniel you are welcome to the program. german chancellor angela merkel has said vigilante justice will not be tolerated after hundreds took part in demonstrations in the german city of cabinets both right and left wing activists gathered for a second consecutive day after a local was stabbed to death in an incident involving people of various nationalities that's according to local authorities several people were injured as the rally turned violent two months were also taken into custody and held on suspicion of manslaughter that's according to the local pro

but western europe stuff like that happens all the time over there and i don't. and strangely enough nobody's ever allowed to talk about it to me and that a common enemy unites people this particular enemy is hungry an american billionaire george soros or bonds government has cast him as a model for how illegal migration can threaten hungary and heritage their hearts we will fight against everything that the imperial of george soros is doing to hungary and is planning to do this is our life our home we have no other that's why we will fight for it to our last breath we won't ever give up i. always fall against some kind of enemy in one thousand eight hundred nine it was the calvinism and the upcoming decade supposed to be. the european union and i.m.f. they come with. the migration now the united nations everybody. not a fan of. the n.g.o.s that soros supports are being harassed like amnesty international not long ago legislation was passed that made it much harder for n.g.o.s to operate in hungary aiding refugees is now punishable by law and that's whether you w

migrant integration rice and neighboring fronts we look at how the issue is being handled in western europe. also the saudis teddy for donald trump's foreman lawyer tracks on his earlier groundbreaking claim about the information his client provides to provide to prove trump russia collusion. and un investigators say top military officials in my ma should be prosecuted to the genocide and crimes against humanity directed towards workmanship muslim's. life for most go you're watching international welcome to the program the top story german chancellor angela merkel has said vigilante justice will not be tolerated off to hundreds took part in demonstrations in the german city of candidates both right and left wing activists gathered for a second consecutive day after a local was stabbed to death in an incident involving people of quote various nationalities several people were injured as the rally turned violent two men was taken into custody and held in suspicion of manslaughter according to the local prosecutor police have yet to release further details on the suspects all of the victims of

moderate integration rise in neighboring france we look at how the issue is being handled in western europe. also this hour the attorney for trump's former lawyer backtracks on his groundbreaking claims about the information his client can provide to prove collusion. u.n. investigators say top military officials in myanmar should be prosecuted for genocide and crimes against humanity directed towards muslims. international law from moscow just gone midnight here in the capital on the new hawkins welcome to the program. and german chancellor angela merkel has said vigilante justice will not be tolerated after hundreds took part in demonstrations in the german city of both right and left wing activists gathered for a second consecutive day after a local was stabbed to death in an incident involving people of various nationalities that's according to authorities no major incidents. been reported but there is a huge police presence after some israeli turned violent protesters held bottles at police who tried to disperse the crowd. was. was. artie's peter oliver has more now on how a small case

amy: all of western europe. >> all of western europe would fit inside the democratic republic of congo. it is in the heart of africa. tremendously large place. gdp.country in terms of not poor when you look at the resources under the ground. there is $24 trillion for the mineral wealth beneath the ground in congo. there is always a lot of multinational corporations interested in getting into congo, but congo has been don't leavears who power anand recurrent violence over the years. amy: at this point, your work in africa has gone on for years. you wrote a book about south sudan. you have written aboutut in the last year the u.s. presence in africa overall. can you talk about that, even as it cutss aid t to the u.n. peacekeeping forces? >> the united states has a robust military presence across the continental's to it looks like it may be scaled back in the coming months as the u.s. pivots more towards your competitors like russia and just but actually i checked in with your special operations command and the number of commandos operating in africa is the same as it was last year. durbi

various nationalities we look at how this case reflects the crisis over migrant integration across western europe. the french president emmanuel mccracken sees the security of europe should no longer rely solely on the u.s. . to. a very warm welcome it's six pm here in moscow and you're watching r.t. international with me thank you eric great to have you with us. on the syrian government says it's ready to recapture the last major rebel stronghold it lip damascus has been deploying additional forces to the front line of the enclave though it still says it's willing to pursue a course of reconciliation however that idea was snubbed by the key militant group controlling the area where our sharm its leader warned other factions from talking to damascus. meanwhile the russian defense ministry says the u.s. is expanding its strike capabilities near syria moscow says it has intelligence that you harvest store intending to stage a chemical attack which the west could use to justify action against the syrian government a strike on cases eiter using poison laden missiles is planned within the next forty e

attempt to prevent the export of those in soviet cast western europe you have a very british companies taking part in that and so the precedents the point is that in those cases quite quickly the common interest and who rode the divisions like found a way around it whereas today we face the prospect of dog from could easily get wasn't in office for the we're going to this time he could be remembered it and he continues with these policies he's really challenging the your opinion sense of self esteem in the one area where they feel like a great power yes the e.u. is a geopolitical pygmy is that military but it is a trading superpower germany afterwards for small the united states the us a lot of its forms of german in china for instance and so that countries like japan have an economic common interest in the why that world which trump is trying to answer because he knows he wants to cut back dramatically the u.s. trade deficit that actually means. to the extent of his key partners as well as a potential geopolitical rival like china so we really have structural changes taking place mayb

turks, both of whom were under pressure, truman understood the worsening economic situation in western europe in early 1947. and of course, he announced the truman doctrine in march 1947, and he followed this up in june of 1947 by supporting marshall's famous commencement address to help expedite for the united states to provide huge loans to europe, to expedite the economic recovery of western europe, and undercut the support that local communist parties in france and italy and greece had, capitalizing upon the misery that existed in those countries.

there is such a different feeling in western europe to eastern europe in terms of how they saw the u.s the cold war. we, like western europeans, tend to be self critical of our role in the cold war and eastern europeans have a very different attitude. they felt left behind and they also felt that the united states was one of the few countries which continuously was at least expressing a desire, you know, for them to become free. >> mark kramer, another key player, of course, is chinese leader mao. >> uh-huh. china had been plunged by mao into the culture revolution in 1966. that was a very harsh time with china. there had been millions who died in starvation, of famines caused by mao's policies in late '50s and early '60s. what happened in the culture revolution, in some ways, was even more traumatic for chinese society, even though there were fewer people who died, it was still vast numbers and it was in the most grisly way, often through torture and humiliation, people of needlessly -- university campuses, for example, were occupied by people who would then force professors out, whic

pumped in germany that's important because at the moment lots of russia's gas is pumped into western europe transiting ukraine the ukrainian government is very worried that that might change and they say this is something the russians must deal with mr putin at this meeting he said no it's an exclusively economic project there is no danger of switching off the taps as it were three ukraine the other issue is syria both these leaders have said they want to see some progress towards ameliorating helping the humanitarian situation there that's the upshot from this meeting. the world's largest annual pilgrimage the hodges taking place in saudi arabia's mecca this week but as katter faces a second year of holiday and a saudi led blockade many muslims in the gulf countries say they've been stopped from getting to this important ritual lower burden manly reports. this mosque in doha is education city suburb is famous for its architecture the impulse was of the car on the wall and a building that rests on five pillars representing the five requirements of islam. one of these is to attend the hutch

influence in ukraine and a controversial gas pipeline project which would link to russia and western europe and that pipeline has angered u.s. president donald trump he's criticized berlin for cooperating with moscow don it came as more from berlin this is the second time that these two leaders have met each other in the space of just three months basically demonstrating the importance of the relationship between these two governments the point to make here is that there is agreement and disagreement there are issues where they find themselves on the other side opposing each other specifically in ukraine regarding the cease fire the minsk agreement that was brokered between these two governments plus the french plus the ukrainian some time ago which the german government which the french government also believe that moscow really hasn't done enough to ensure implementation of that agreement ukraine matters also to these two leaders because of the nord stream to gas pipeline which is being built which is which is in the in the pipeline as it were which will lead to a changeover in the amount

western europe loaded but i'm going to go to top markets.a up .7% as the first bilateral since -- with germany. we are seeing interesting movements at the long end of the u.s. curve, the yield down almost four basis points. improving yield in china as well. copper up 1.1% ahead of those talks. .2% today. wrap up the trading day in from sueet us hear noffke at schroders. had been suffering because of the increased chances of a no deal brexit. there are preparations for that. banking on schroders a no deal brexit? >> we are in the negotiation part of the brexit situation. to beld expect this noisy. the noise getting stronger through october, the autumn conference season. no one wants to reveal their hand at the moment. vehicleency is the main to express that political risk in the u.k. and what sort of deal the u.k. is going to get, if any. we are going to bump around it in the currency at the whim of what the europeans want to put forward and what theresa may and her party can agree to take to the europeans. vonnie: you are responsible for sch

carol is the largest dam in western europe. the waters of the glory on a river serve as the boundary between spain and portugal. the portuguese were the pioneers in promoting astro tourism. the idea arose in two thousand and eight as part of creating a sustainable program for the ok region to offer something unique in terms of nature and resources for tourism we thought of something no one had considered before the sky. with. the cattle sale. it's now a starlight tourist destination certified by the starlight foundation in two thousand and eleven we were the first destination in the world to obtain this certification. since then al-qaeda has become a must visit destination for astro truism visitors fall into two groups. so essentially there's the amateur astronomers who love observing the sky and then there's a large increase in families many children hear about the night sky at school but they can't see the constellations in the cities where they live. so they come here with their parents to experience the dark skies together.

whether or not you can open a trade route going through the arctic on the pacific, coming round to western europeou could, that would be a game changer. it would reduce journey time at 14 days. they currently need to go through the suez canal and it tells us something sad about what is happening to our climate which is clearly is that they think there's a possibility route will become manageable in the future. baby might now we hear the ice is breaking up on that route and the russians and others have made it clear that they see the arctic is a lan or an area of great opportunity. we see that tested. could the next gold rush, and many countries are watching. china see it as part of their belt and road initiative. trade routes have always depended on whether. low back millennia it has always been about whether. and we are seeing possibly changes about the weather now so and the other change in trade routes may be on the way. let's not think about what that means for the environment. and the story from the financial times. ip coins being scrapped and not causing inflation. so many people have been

and then you have this very very heavy handed response the likes of which i have not seen in western europe really in decades you know sending in the police to break i think at that stage the repression and the repression subsequent of that with people being held in jail as political prisoners by the spanish state has increased the number of catalans who may not necessarily support independence but do say we have a right we have a right to say to ourselves without any of this do you think anyone reading this book by the end of it is going to come to the conclusion britain has to get out of the european union because it seems such a rotten place i don't know if you come to that conclusion i think of myself and george the other author i think we have divided opinions and i see the european union as being undemocratic and run in a very near liberal agenda which is one of the reasons i think it is undemocratic which i think neal liberalism tends towards authoritarianism i also think it's interesting coming back to what's happening katter when you contrast that with the same silence towards the

i think there is such a different feeling in western europe from eastern europe in terms of how theyaw the u.s.'s role in the cold war. europe youtern attended a very self-critical of our role in the cold war and eastern europeans have a very different attitude. they felt left behind and they also felt that the united states was one of the few countries which continuously was at least expressing a desire for them to become free. host: mark kramer, another key player was chinese leader mao. guest: china had been plunged by revolutione cold war in 1966 and i was a very harsh time for china. there have been millions who died in starvation of famines policies in the late 1950's and early 1960's. what happened in the cultural revolution in some ways was even more dramatic for chinese society, even though there were fewer people who died, it was still vast numbers and it was in the most grisly way, often through ritual torture and through humiliation of people needlessly, university campuses, for example, were occupied by who would then force out which was outage of the open they would be

the biggest is western europe, it is not the united states. in western europe your what is pepsi's existing footprint like? anne: they are all over the world -- europe. what is pepsi's existing footprint like? anne: they are all over the world. they spend a lot of time in europe and africa and the middle east. julie: thank you so much. team herer consumer at bloomberg. joining us over the phone is susquehanna's senior analyst. pablo, thank you for joining us. we have been talking about the timing of this and the strategy of this for pepsi. to talk from the sodastream point of view, it did well to hold out and not sellout couple of years ago. pablo: that is right. good morning, everyone. from the pepsi point of view, it but also athinking, defensive move. forward thinking in fact that people are doing things online and in the future may be drinking more at home. view, it point of makes sense in longer-term. also. a defensive move assets have moved into a joint venture. dr. pepper still involved in at home solutions. that is why we call the deal

now to move the forecast through into friday that cold air really wins out across many parts of western europe those still with a southerly flow we're getting temps of twenty seven degrees in stockholm which is quite impressive and further towards the southeast looking pretty warm across southeastern areas thirty one is a high enough in for instance it's fine on the other side of the mediterranean and winds relatively light temperatures there in the upper thirty's for kyra and pushing the forty degree mark for central parts of africa we have some quite heavy showers likely be occurring across parts of chad's moving further towards the west and mali heavy showers are likely here bamako still looking to be quite wet at times the southern portions of africa we could see some snow i see developing over the soton nice twenty four hours really quite unsettled weather across parts of south africa. in an exclusive series of documentaries i was born into a very ordinary japanese fell zero shows five different stories i am just too excited to focus on anything else right now from five different countrie

because it created this massively profitable economic system that link the countries of north western europe to the americas through the plantation system the great scholar activist c.l.r. james pointed out that the slave system created the greatest player and accumulation of wealth the world had ever seen up to that moment in time and this of course is a very important part of western prosperity. between sixteen thirty three and england's abolition of the slave trade and eighteen zero seven english companies deported two million seven hundred fifty five thousand eight hundred thirty african captives. most of them died on plantations worn out from working in the sugar cane fields all of this for the sake of profit and nothing else. but in two thousand and seven at the bicentennial commemoration of the abolition of the slave trade in the presence of prime minister tony blair and queen elizabeth the second one of the guests. to a human rights activist disrupted the ceremony. well. you know it didn't. look like it was the worst north slope and it. just was you know yes yes yes. yes we are still

thanks to their efforts on the evening of aug twenty first millions of television viewers in western europe see the first images of an occupied prague they may be hazy but the message is clear the next day august twenty second another broadcast and a front for the soviet authorities in france a news anchor summarizes initial international response. well isn't it a brazil canada paraquat britain the united states and france the fight of as aleutian before the u.n. security council seat condemning the armed intervention of the soviet union was opec countries in the internal affairs of the czechs the vac and socialist republic you know that at the big society the trick is to let the images play off each other like a ping pong match at moscow airport presidents for border is received cordially by soviet leader leoni brush now moscow wants to show the world that relations with czechoslovakia remain friendly in fact alexander dubcek was originally taken to ukraine and then to moscow this footage from the kremlin shows soviet leaders was for border and object to object appears disheveled and exhau

and i think, there is such a different feeling in western europe from eastern europe in terms of how ey saw the u.s. role in the cold war. i mean, we like western europeans, they tend to be very self-critical of our role and eastern europeans have a very different attitude, they were, you know, they felt less behind and they also felt that the united states was one of the few countries which continuously was at least expressing a desire, you know, for them to become free. >> another key player is chinese leader mao. >> china had been plunged by mao into a cultural evolutionà a revolution in 1966 and that was a very harsh time for china. there had been millions who died in starvation and famines caused by his policies in the late 50s and early in the 60s. but what happened in the cultural revolution, and some ways, was even more dramatic, even though there were fewer people who died, there were still vast numbers and it was in the most grisly way, often through ritual torture, and through humiliation of people, campuses were occupied by people who were then professors , which would aff

tells us, i've walked the battlefields and places of mass murder and modern times in eastern and western europe and the former soviet union, where millions and millions of people have been brutally slaughtered in the last 100 years. during the modern era. we must remain human. in the e.r., we have an island of humanity in a sea of political correctness, where we absolutely depend on technology. but human beings always come first. and that's my mission for this work. to help people see what happens when the genie of mass destruction comes out of the bottle. and when we allow technology to reign without human control. it will end us. we must not let that happen. so now we're going to see a photograph that is another tie-in from world war i about today and it has to do with race. this is a skull with a gas mask and this space is the only remaining vestige from 100 years ago, of any black combat unit in an underground city. the black devils, they had a long tradition of being an all-african-american unit for decades, even before world war i. they had all black officers and all black men and on the

western europe goes up a little with the industrial revolution and then with the fall of the nationalist socialist party, also known as the nazis. it shoots up, japan surpasses it. the union of the soviet socialist republics. red china shoots up when it switched from pure socialism to their form of red capitalism which is an even pure capitalism but has lifted millions of people out of poverty in china. capitalism has lifted more people out of poverty across the planet than any system ever devised. according to the heritage foundation and the wall street journal, they do the index of economic freedom and this year's index noted over the last 20 years since they've been doing this study, poverty has been reduced worldwide, more than any other time in world history. and it's because of free-market capitalism. it's not a word we should shy away from, not an economic theory we should shy away from. it's something we should teach kids at the high school and college level because they're not learning about it. which is one of the reasons i wrote this book. so that there's plenty of time for qu

. ♪ >> if conquering german armies covered western europe.he so-called master race was riding high. ♪ >> no, adolf hitler stood just as napoleon had stood more than 100 years before and looked across english channel to the one fighting obstacle that stood between him and world domination. the white cliffs of britain rose sheer and white out of the choppy waters and beyond, a little island, smaller than the state of wyoming, crush that little island and its stubborn people and the way was open for world conquest. the fall of austria, czechoslovakia, poland, denmark, norway, holland, belgium, france, had ordered for -- more than 100,000 slaves to work for him or starve. the preliminaries were over. it was time for the main event, the battle of britain. hitler and his generals feverishly drafted their plans for the conquest of britain. every detaille must be anticipated. a slip now might wreck the whole time table of worl conquests. six weeks of preparation went into their plans. six weeks to determine the history of 1,000 years. the thing was f

a migrant integration rise in neighboring france to look at how the issue is being handled in western europe. moskos days the u.s. expansion of its strike capabilities this syria could be a sign of washington's getting prepared ahead of a possible false flag chemical attack by terrorists in italy a problem. the french president emanuel mcclung sees the security of europe should no longer rely solely on the u.s. . as a very warm welcome it's seven pm here in moscow and you're watching r.t. international with me we care and good to have you with us. our top story almost a thousand people gathered at an anti my current demonstration in the german city of camden it's as right wing sentiment continues to raise its head protesters hold both rules of police to try to disperse the crowd. was. artie's piece all of the reports on how small case sparked a massive protest wave which reflects an overall trend across western europe. well that crowd that we saw there of around eight hundred people including it said members of a far right football hooligan outfit lording through central kim it all was spark