ladies and gentlemen, it is my privilege to welcome the director of the central intelligence agency,gina haspel. [applause] >> good morning. it is a rare pleasure to be back home in kentucky and truly a privilege to be back on this campus. i want to thank senator mcconnell for the gracious invitation. and i want to thank all of you for being here today and for taking an interest in our nation's security and in the role cia plays in protect in our country. in the interest of full disclosure in the senator mcconnell mentioned, should tell you my college years were spent entirely in louisville. like senator mcconnell is spent some of my time in college and a well-known university in central kentucky. after finishing my junior year, the bright light of this beautiful city backend and i finished my degree as a cardinal, proudly so. [applause] because i am a proud kentucky and in a proud u of l graduate, it is very special for me to be with you today. i look forward to speaking with scott a little later. but before i do, i would like to offer some brief remarks about the remarkable organiz

cotton: would you now to stoper the decision your cooperation with the central intelligence agency's or other american intelligence agencies? jack: we are always open to any legal process that an agency would present us. we do not believe the necessary -- this is a global policy around surveillance in general. real-time surveillance. all of this information, because twitter is public, it is available to everyone. by just going to our service. sen. cotton: do you see a difference between cooperating with the united states government and the russian government? for the chinese government that or the chinese government -- or the chinese government? jack: not sure what you mean. sen. cotton: are you an american company? jack: we are. sen. cotton: do you prefer to see america the world's dominant superpower? jack: i prefer we continue to help everywhere we serve and we are pushing towards that. we need to be consistent about our terms of service and the reason why. the reason why is we also have a responsibility to protect the privacy of the people on twitter from constant surveillance. we

nonprofits >> would you now reconsider the decision to cease your cooperation with the central intelligence agency or other american intelligence agencies >> we're always open to any legal process. that an agency would present us. so we don't believe it necessary. this is a global policy. around surveillance in general realtime surveillance. i will state that all of this information because twitter is public by default is available to everyone. by just going to our service >> you see a difference between cooperating with the united states governments and the russian government or the chinese government? do i see a difference? i'm not sure what you mean. >> is twitter an american company? >> we are an american company. >> do you prefer to see america remain the world's dominant global superpower? >> i prefer that we continue to help everywhere we serve and we are pushing towards that but we need to be consistent about our terms of service and the reason why and the reason why is we also have a right and a responsibility to protect the privacy of the people on twitter from constant 24/7 surveillance

at that point the central intelligence agency had been largely discredited because of the scandals that had been exposed in the one nine hundred seventy s. but that being years the cia has secretly financed its overseas activities of the national student association but then there came to light a fantastic web of cia penetration so when the reagan administration came in there was this concept that instead of having the cia which traditionally would go into these different target countries funding. they're media funding n.g.o.s funding different political operations that was essentially farmed out to a new organization called the national endowment for democracy which was created in one thousand nine hundred three and it would do pretty much what the agency used to do it would go into one of these countries and it would support various political groups train activists deal with journalists business groups and try to advance u.s. foreign policy interests sometimes against the interests of the host government the target government and beyond that they received financial and other logistica

senator cotton: would you now reconsider the decision to cease your cooperation with the central intelligence agency or other american intelligence agencies? mr. dorsey: we're -- we are always open to any legal process. that an agency would present us. so we don't believe it necessary -- this is a global policy around surveillance in general, real-time surveillance. i will state that all this information, because twitter is public by default, is available to everyone by just going to our service. senator cotton: do you see a difference between cooperating with the united states government and the russian government or the chinese government? mr. dorsey: do i see a difference? not sure what you mean. senator cotton: twitter an american company? mr. dorsey: we are an american company. senator cotton: do you prefer to see america remain a dominant global superpower? mr. dorsey: i prefer we continue to help everywhere we serve. we are pushing towards that. we need to be consistent about our terms of service and the reason why and the reason why is we also have a right and a responsibility to protect the

central intelligence agency and the u.s. armed forces the torture and the crimes allegedly committed in afghanistan also john bolton confirming the closure of the palestine liberation organization is office in washington d.c. this after they called for an inquiry they attempted to prompt an inquiry an i.c.c. inquiry into israel so i'm going to bring you much more on that and everything else we're going to have reaction from washington and of course you can also get the latest on our web site al jazeera dot com for all of his comments analysis and video on demand don't forget the you can watch us live there as well the news continues in just a couple of minutes time stay with al-jazeera. in germany's capital there is a barber like no other what it is a hard. core struck cross what you are. but as his city changes he's moving with the time. and going on the roads. the stories we don't often hear told by the people who live there. the master barber of berlin this is europe on al-jazeera. police suspect the lone gunmen is behind

bill is a career analyst at the central intelligence agency. he was the senior analyst in our counterintelligence center and living what he thought was a happy life until i called him when afternoon and said, bill, i need you to go to the fbi and set up their intelligence analytic structure. we remain friends. [laughter] up being theended director of the national security agency and u.s. cyber command. he was in that latter position when all the metal was still malleable. he had a big hand in shaping he had a big hand in shaping what that will be in the future. jim clapper, i could shorten his introduction just by naming the important intelligence contributions. he has been the director of the national geospatial intelligence agency, he was on my board of advisors when i became the director of the national security agency, and he has been the undersecretary of defense for intelligence. refereerator, or our for tonight, is a good friend of mine, nicolle wallace. we were compatriots in the bush 43 whitehouse. you all know her as a regular comment

bureau federal bureau of investigation and even the central intelligence agencies now and financial the subsidiary of chinese online commerce burn ali baba has denied equifax is suggestions that a former employee gave aunt proprietary information and general counsel said of the alleged behavior quote this would be a violation of financials code of business conduct and we would take a media action against any employee is found engaging in this behavior and now we move to wearable technology if you wear those things they have myriad funk. everything from counting your steps to detailing when you may fall asleep and way you menu way when you may wake up yesterday apple had an event which touted their newest wearable the apple watch and their famous i phone well one of the other large competitors in this space that took a terrible tumble as their stock dropped by seven percent yesterday what's going on in the highly competitive wearable world alan cook technology bust buffett and host of the big picture right here at r.t. america joins us hollen thank you for being here with us we sure appr

bill is a career analyst at the central intelligence agency. he was the senior analyst in our counterterrorism center and he thought was a happy life until i called him one afternoon and said, phil, i to theu to go over their and set up intelligence analytic structure. we remain friends. [laughter] career ins, wonderful america's navy. ended up, the last several years of his career, being the director of the national security agency and commander of and the cyber command important thing about mike's work there, he was in that latter position, u.s. cyber command, when all the metal is malleable. he had a powerful hand in shaping what it is that command us in the future. jim clapper, i could shorten his introduction just by naming the important intelligence held.ons jim has not but he has been the director of defense intelligence agency, director of the national geospackial intelligence agency. he was on my board of advisors when i became the director of the national security agency, and he has been the undersecretary of defense for intelligence.

let for civil liberties philip mudd, , a career analyst at the central intelligence agency. he was the senior analyst and our counterterrorism center and living way thought was a happy life until i called him one afternoon and said, i need you to go over to the fbi and set up their intelligence analytic structure. we remain friends. [laughing] >> mike rogers, wonderful career in america's navy, he did up lasts summer years of his career being the direct the national security agency and commander of u.s. cyber command. an important think about his work there, he was in that latter position u.s. cyber command went all the metal is so malleable. he had a very powerful and in shaping what it is that command will be for us in the future. jim clapper, i can shorten my introduction for jim by simply naming the important intelligence positions jim has not held. [laughing] but he has been the director of the defense intelligence agency, the director of the national geospatial intelligence agency. he was on my board of advisors when i became director of the national security agency, a

in addition to the loyalty board, truman established the central intelligence agency through the national security act of 1947. cia was supposed to be at intelligence gathering organization but it soon got involved in other situations. this memo describes the long commitment and careful preparation of covert act operations which would be needed during the cold war. truman also established the national security agency in 1952. so this case and the fuchs case help set the stage for sen. mccarthy who claimed he knew the names of known communists in government. he had a profound effect. his charges resulted in the firing of many innocent people and damaged morale in government. anti-communism and accusation of spies and government was mccarthy's main act. truman vetoed the legislation, but congress overrode his veto in 1950. immigration was also a factor in poorest -- postwar interest in communism. mccarron believed that communist sought to come to the united states to subvert the american system. again, some of these countries were in the eastern bloc and therefore within the soviet politica

in addition to the loyalty board, truman established the central intelligence agency through the national security act. a landmark law. it was meant to be an intelligence gathering soon gotion but it involved in covert activities through documents like the nsc10-5, issued in october 1951. this memo from the truman papers, it describes the long commitment and careful reparation for covert act operations, which would be needed during the cold war. truman also established the national security agency in 1952. these cases helps set the stage for senator john mccarthy, who claimed that he possessed the names of known communists in the government. mccarthy, a midwesterner and catholic, had a profound effect. his charges resulted in the firing of many innocent people and damaged morale in the government. anti-communism and acquisition of spies in the government however, were good politics for mccarthy and others, was from -- was prominently -- most prominently richard nixon. mccarthyism held in the passage of the internal security act of 1950, which required companies -- communists to register w

senator cotton: would you now reconsider the decision to cease your cooperation with the central intelligence agency or other american intelligence agencies? mr. dorsey: we are always open to any legal process that an agency would present us. we don't believe it necessary. this is a global policy around surveillance in general. real-time surveillance. i will state that all of this information because twitter is public, by default is available to anyone by just going to the service. sen. cotton: do you see a difference between cooperating with the united states government and the russian government or the chinese government? mr. dorsey: do i see a difference? i'm not sure what you mean. sen. cotton: is twitter an american company? mr. dorsey: we are an american company. sen. cotton: do you prefer to see america remain as the world's dominant global superpower? mr. dorsey: i continue to want us to help everywhere we serve and we are pushing toward that but we need to be consistent about our terms of service. the reason why is that we have a right and a responsibility to protect the privacy of people o

i have decided to revoke the security clearance of john brennan, former director of the central intelligence agency." >> stephen: this means brennan can't read classified intelligence. so, now the only place he'll read threats against america is on trump's twitter feed. ( laughter ) and-- and the official reason trump gave for revoking brennan's clearance? brennan "leveraged his status to make a series of unfounded and outrageous allegations, including wild outbursts on the internet." ( audience reacts ) >> stephen: yes, yes. >> jon: shame. >> stephen: yeah, i'd say that's the pot calling the kettle black, but there may be tapes of it calling the kettle something much worse. ( audience reacts ) ( cheers and applause ) >> jon: oh, now! >> stephen: that's a fine-- that's a fine family joke. fine, fine. >> jon: leanin' on the law. >> stephen: but here's the thing, they've been talking about doing this thing for a month. doing it today is just an obvious attempt to distract our attention from america's sweetheart, omarosa. ( laughter ) omarosa says she's heard a tape of trump saying the "n" word. he de

in america we do not have central intelligence agencies until 47 with our times.facing is how do you marshal these fast bureaucracies and how do you control them? will they be self operating a responsive to government directors? these are interesting questions. >> one other work. it was about politics. the cold war was a political argument between west and east in between, and him in the free world. that is in essence what it was about. i don't think how you can separate the two. >> one final anecdote that i can't resist. in 1964, in the 19 '90s i interviewed a cia analyst who in 1954 wrote the world intelligence report and very controversially he predicted the soviet union was facing economic collapse and internal ethnic tension and he predicted that sometime in the 1980s it would collapse. he was allowed to -- he put this into the port but no one believed it and no one acted or punished and no one wanted to believe that the major adversary was actually a week paper tiger. i think, that said something about the world of intelligence. the ambiguity that was writte

we have the name of the central intelligence agency asset that was emailing people on the trump teamts changing information, outed by "the new york times." you're telling me the campaign wasn't spied on? that is like bizarro superman land. >> jesse: before they were never spied on. now it's they were spied on there was good reason for it. >> marie: i can name multiple cases. jesse, the president has picked certain pages in these fisa warrant to be released. do you think all of them should be released? some people have said cherry picking makes it look like he's just looking for things that help him. >> jesse: i would like to see as much as possible. i think the american people are interested in seeing as much is possible too, i don't like the way the doj has begun to stall on this. reminds me of senate democrats. they are saying they need time for a declassification review. what is to review? you are releasing unredacted documents. there they are. shouldn't take that long. they are saying you don't want to burn the sources. as far as we know, the only source for this application was

senator cotton: would you now reconsider the decision to cease your cooperation with the central intelligence agency or other american intelligence agencies? mr. dorsey: we're -- we are always open to any legal process that an agency would present us. so we don't believe it necessary -- this is a global policy around surveillance in general, real-time surveillance. i will state that all this information, because twitter is public by default, is available to everyone by just going to our service. senator cotton: do you see a difference between cooperating with the united states government and the russian government or the chinese government? mr. dorsey: do i see a difference? not sure what you mean. senator cotton: twitter an american company? mr. dorsey: we are an american company. senator cotton: do you prefer to see america remain a dominant global superpower? mr. dorsey: i prefer we continue to help everywhere we serve. we are pushing towards that. we need to be consistent about our terms of service and the reason why and the reason why is we also have a right and a responsibility to protect the

but the reality is there are certain things that the central intelligence agency, for example, simplyan't do without the president's signature. and then the question becomes, okay, is that -- are those things happening or are they not happening under president trump's leadership. i think many of them are happening, which means the president knows about them. those are things done in a secretive manner to achieve our interests, to protect our security. but that if they were known could put people's lives at risk or could put our security at risk, could trigger greater problems. and so, yes, we have to be concerned about the president's access to information. but what i'm more concerned about is what he will do with his power. it may be the power to thumb 180 character tweet that triggers conflict or the preparations for conflict. it may be that he authorizes a military action that is then executed that was ill-informed and unwise, that triggers a broader conflict. that's what i'm more worried about. >> edward mcmullen thank you for joining us, richard clark, thank you for joining us. a

brian: for 357 days he became the director of the central intelligence agency. how did that come about? dr. engel: the difficulties of watergate and vietnam. the cia was under pressure from congressional investigations. gerald ford decided to shake things up. he called bush home in order to be cia director. this is something bush thought was going to kill his political career. i believe the theory that donald rumsfeld, who was chief of staff to gerald ford, at least one of the reasons he thought it was good for bush to take this job is because bush was going to be one of rumsfeld's competitors should he want to run for the white house. having bush be a spy was an added bonus for rumsfeld. brian: i'm old enough to remember back in the late 60's, called then item washington wire in the wall street journal that predicted that george bush and donald rumsfeld would be running for president. when did he first started thinking about being president? bush was suchrge a popular and charismatic person's entire life. -- his entire life. people would often say, you should r

the inside of that police department, because somebody took it seriously and called the central intelligence agencylice department and said he wanted to be issued a weapon. wolf, context is everything. and we don't have a lot of that here. >> what happens, gloria, if rosenstein is fired? we'll put up on the screen, we've got a succession chart that shows what would happen. noel francisco, solicitor general, he would become the acting deputy attorney general. the acting overseer of the whole russia probe. >> yeah. i had one source say to me today, it wouldn't make that much of a difference. that francisco would, you know -- is a fine person and would behave in much the same way as, you know -- is a fine attorney and would not disgrace the justice department in any way. but obviously, rosenstein also, you know, there is a question here. and a lot of people on team trump have been making the case that, you know, rosenstein is a witness in this case. and that some say that he should have recused himself from day one, because, of course, he is the one who wrote the memo about the comey firing that trump

what the central intelligence agency does is collect intelligence overseas. and sometimes the cia and fbi work together. but if it's here in the united states, the fbi, department of justice, they have the lead. and so it's not unusual. i read that report by the "new york times." it's not unusual at all that department of justice, the fbi, would be approaching a foreigner on u.s. soil in an attempt to gather information about potential crimes being committed affecting the united states. >> evan, always appreciate -- ben, did you want to weigh in? >> yeah, there is, however, something highly unusual here. >> which? >> which is for the president of the united states and the chairman of the house intelligence committee to be persecuting a career justice department official for such perfectly routine and laudable law enforcement activity. that's unusual. >> and that is a very valid point. go ahead. >> i just have to say, ben is so right. you have to ask yourself, why is it that the president has such an issue with our law enforcement authorities going after organ

he worked briefly for my former employer central intelligence agency picky received his bachelors in 1986 from universe of maryland program, and in 1889 a masters degree in international relations from the university of arizona and, in fact, just this last year he also got his phd. beginning in 1989 he worked for several nsa contractors and joint agency assumed executive service member in the signals intelligence directorate and the headquarters at fort meade, maryland, and interesting enough his very first day on the job was 9/11. drake served as senior executive as a sit at nsa from 2001-2008. on the end, my former hill colleague diane roark, she is 23 years of federal circuit cleaning assignments of intelligence analysts at the department of energy, working strategic forces policy in the office of the secretary of defense. she served on the nationals could counsel staff dealing with intelligence issues. from my perspective, most important she was professional staff member on the house permanent select committee intelligence from 1995-2002. it was 1997-2002 she was majority staff l

he had a distinguished career in the central intelligence agency. mr. jeffrey troy is the executive director of the aviation information sharing and analysis center. he currently works as a senior it manager at general electric. he served for 25 years in the fbi. and the executive president at the tampa international airport. welcome mr. evens, we're excited to hear your testimony as well. i'd now ask the witnesses to please stand if able. and raise your right hand so i can swear nuto testify -- you in to testify. do each of you swear or afirm that the testimony you will give will be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth so help you god? the witnesses have answered in the affirm tiv. the withins' full written statement will appear in the record. mr. porter for five minutes for his opening statement. >> thank you, chairman. we appreciate the opportunity to share fireeye's perspective on the aviation sector and provide an overview of how we're helping to secure american aviation. our strategist intelligence product reached over 4,000 custom

and i asked about reports that data miner had recently ceased its cooperation with the central intelligence agencyame time it continued to cooperate with russia and other proxies of russian intelligence services. i have since seen reports that data miner no longer cooperates with russia today, or any other proxy of russian intelligence services. is that correct? >> that is correct. >> did you make that decision personally? >> no. we have a long-standing term against utilizing public twitter data for ongoing 24/7 surveillance. >> that's why you decided to cease cooperation with the russian government or russian proxies today? >> no. a different matter. >> could you explain why you ceased that cooperation or that relationship with russia and other russian intelligence proxies? >> when we learned of the link of russia today and sputnik, we ceased them to be an advertiser on the platform. we calculated the amount of advertising they did on our platform as $1.9 million and we donated that to civil liberties nonprofits. >> would you now reconsider the decision to cease your cooperation with the central

he had a distinguished career in the central intelligence agency. he worked on cyber security issues. welcome. mr. jeffrey troy is the executive director of the aviation information sharing and analysis center. he currently works as a senior it manager at general electric. prior to this he served for 25 , years in the fbi. his final stand as deputy assistant director of the cyber division. we are grateful to have you here. and finally, mr. michael stevens is the executive vice president for i.t. at the tampa international airport. welcome mr. stevens, we are excited to hear your testimony as well. i would ask the witnesses to please stand if able. raise your right hand so i can swear you in to testify. do each of you swear or afirm that the testimony you will give will be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth so help you god? the witnesses have answered in the affirmative. the witnesses's full written statement will appear in the record. we recognize mr. porter for 5 minutes for his opening statement. >> thank you, chairman. we apprec

theistopher porter strategist.igence previously, he had a distinguished nine-year career the central intelligence agency working on cybersecurity issues. welcome, mr. porter. tri troy is the executive director of the sharing andormation analysis center and currently works as a senior i.t. manager general electric. prior to this, mr. troy served for 25 years in the f.b.i., including his final stint as deputy assistant director of the division. we're grateful to have you here, testifying today, mr. troy. mr. michael stephens is the executive vice president for i.t. and general tampal at the international airport, where he has primary responsibility for all legal information technology, governance, regulatory and compliance matters. welcome, mr. stephens. we're excited to hear your testimony as well. ask the witnesses to please stand if able and raise your right hand so that i can to testify. do each of you swear or affirm that the testimony which you will give today will be the truth -- the whole truth and nothing but the truth, you god? each witness has answered in the affirmative. writtenesses' full sta

central intelligence agency has political warfare missions that they're able to promulgate information designed to influence political outcomes. homeland security talks to the american people in certain ways about threats that we face. the justice department does. the health department does , because sometimes we face biological warfare threats. we need to inform people about that. all of these different pieces exist in many different places and is not a coordinating authority. that wasn't on 9/11. we try to put all these things together and were thinking about what if there's a biological attack like 9/11 attack? how do we coordinate all of this is a way that will allow us to respond and also to go out to the world, find the messages that are getting people to celebrate things like 9/11 encounter them, so people think better of our country. it's a similar problem we face today russian propaganda situation. we need to know what the russians are saying, whatever they're saying it. by the way this goes to also china, for iran, for qatar, and for a number of other places where engaged in

when i graduated back in 1972, the first thing i did was go and apply for a job at the central intelligence agency and i was turned away. we are very fortunate to be here at the charter school of policy and government. they have been dear friends for decades and have built tens of thousands of new homes. now they are helping to build a whole cadre of government officials. i feel very privileged to be here tonight to learn about secrets, presidents and dissent, at a crossroads in the history of that. i can't think of a more interesting place to be while we wait for hurricane florence to hit. thank you for overseeing the creation of the center for intelligence policy and international security. it is always uncomfortable for people in charge. it can cause you a point in a tennis match. you can get ejected from a baseball came. -- in a baseball game. general hayden doesn't need much introduction. in 40 years of public service, he served in a variety of positions. he served in the air force, retiring as a four-star general. he was assigned to the national security council, the air intelligence agency,

fellow at the atlantic council, previously, we had a distinguished nine-year career in central intelligence agency, working on cyber security issues. welcome mr. porter. mr. jeffrey paris, is the executive director of the aviation information sharing and analysis center, and currently works as a senior i.t. manager, at general electric. prior to this, he served for 25 years in the fbi, including his final stint as deputy assistant director of the cyber division. we are grateful to have you here testify to testify in today. and finally, mr. michael stephens, the executive vice president for i.t. and general counsel at the international airport. where, he has primary response ability for all legal information, technology, governance, regulatory and compliance matters. welcome mr. stevens, we are excited to hear your testimony as well. i now ask the witnesses, to please stand, is able, and raise your right hand, so that i can swear you in to testify. do each of you swear, or affirm that the testimony which will give today, will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you god

in america we do not have central intelligence agencies until 47 with our times.facing is how do you marshal these fast bureaucracies and how do you control them? will they be self operating a responsive to government directors? these are interesting questions. >> one other work. it was about politics. the cold war was a political argument between west and east in between, and him in the free world. that is in essence what it was about. i don't think how you can separate the two. >> one final anecdote that i can't resist. in 1964, in the 19 '90s i interviewed a cia analyst who in 1954 wrote the world intelligence report and very controversially he predicted the soviet union was facing economic collapse and internal ethnic tension and he predicted that sometime in the 1980s it would collapse. he was allowed to -- he put this into the port but no one believed it and no one acted or punished and no one wanted to believe that the major adversary was actually a week paper tiger. i think, that said something about the world of intelligence. the ambiguity that was writte

. >> would you now reconsider the decision to cease your cooperation with the central intelligence agency or other american intelligence agencies? >> we are always open to any legal process that an agency would present us. we don't believe it necessary. this is a global policy around surveillance in general. i will say that all of this information because twitter is public, is available to anyone by just going to the service. cotton: do you see a difference between cooperating with the united states government and the russian government or the chinese government? mr. dorsey: do i see a difference? i'm not sure what you mean. sen. cotton: is twitter and american company? mr. dorsey: we are an american company. sen. cotton: do you prefer to see amerco remain as the world's dominant global superpower? >> i continue to want us to help everywhere we serve and we are wishing for that but we need to be consistent about our terms of service. the reason why is that we have a right and a responsibility to protect the privacy of people on twitter from constant 20 47 surveillance. we have other metho

. >>> still aed he, another former director the central intelligence agency, john brennan, he joinedere on set with a clear concern. russia could have something on donald trump. we'll be right back. have sometn donald trump we'll be right back. whoever came up with the term "small business", never owned a business. are your hours small? what about your reputation? is that small? owning your own thing is huge. your partnerships, even bigger. with dell small business technology advisors, you get the one-on-one partnership to grow your business. because the only one who decides how big your business can be, is you. the dell vostro 14 laptop with 8th gen intel core processors. get up to 40% off on select pcs. call 877-buy-dell today. ( ♪ ) call 877-buy-dell today. i saw my leg did not look right. i landed. i was just finishing a ride. i felt this awful pain in my chest. i had a pe blood clot in my lung. i was scared. i had a dvt blood clot. having one really puts you in danger of having another. my doctor and i chose xarelto®. xarelto®. to help keep me protected. xarelto® is a latest-gen

in america we didn't have a central intelligence agency until 47 and within our lifetimes that's reallyshort. how do you marshal these vast bureaucracies? are they going to be self governmented. >> the cold war was about politics, wasn't it? a political argument between west and east, between communism and the free world, that's in essence what it was supposed to be about. so, i don't see how you can separate the two. >> okay, one final anecdote i can't resist. in 1964 i-- in the 1990's i interviewed a cia analyst who in 1964 wrote the world intelligence report and very controversially, he predicted that the soviet union was facing economic collapse and internal ethic tensions, and he pr predicted sometime in the 1980's, it would collapse. he was allowed to put this into the report. no one believed it, no one acted upon it and no one wanted to believe that the major adversary was actually a weak paper tiger. and that, i think, says something about the world of intelligence, the ambiguity, which carret wrote about throughout his novels. anyway, thank you very much for coming. [applause]