and admits the more i study lincoln, the bigger he seems. it is my lincoln problem. this is the first model. 36 inch model. he has lincoln with bowed head and arms clasped in front. he packs it off, takes it to lincoln, nebraska. he meets a woman who had seen abraham lincoln at the lincoln-douglas debates and she says to him, "i remember he had a curious way of standing before he was to speak. he stood with his hands clasped in front of him as if he was collecting his thoughts." they then unpacked the model and put it on display in the woman -- and the woman said, "you were there?" he wasn't. but he had somehow intuited it. he called it his high water mark. it did not make it to 1909. it did not open, get unveiled until september 1912. 1500 pounds of bronze. william jennings bryan was the orator on the day was dedicated. bryan, i found a newspaper account, he said "is there anyone in this audience who saw abraham lincoln?" apparently, they said, 100 hands shot up. in 1912. 50 years later. and bryan says it must be compensation for what you suffered enough war to have

the power lincoln and of the press" won the lincoln prize. and a few slightly last prestigious awards. one from the columbia journalism school and other from the kennedy school at harvard. in 2008, then president george bush awarded him the national humanities medal. this afternoon we will be among the lucky few to be introduced to his most recent work, which will not be widely available until january. the title is "monument man: the life and art of daniel chester french." the sculptor of the lincoln memorial. it is my distinct pleasure to present harold holzer. [appluase] ause] harold: i would love all eyes to be on me, but i have some really interesting silent movie footage for you to see. this is the dedication of the lincoln memorial, taft. there's robert lincoln. crowd gathering in front of the reflecting pool. this is memorial day, 1922. thousands and thousands of people. you'll see some of them with parasols. it's not raining. it is just really sunny in washington. so, i am going to be speaking about the career that leads up hat turnedc

to the second session of the lincoln forum. i want to make one correction before we get started, in your packets there are biographies and mind suggests that i and the provost at howard university. i think my boss the provost would be very surprised to hear that okay. that is him responding. so we will start with that but in any case i had the great pleasure of introducing harold holzer, i have known harold a quarter of a century. i'm reminded since the last century that's right but anyway i have known harold nearly a quarter of a century and have had the pleasure of working with him and frank both on and off publication and several national boards including this one. as the bio in your packet indicates harold is currently the director of the roosevelt house public policy institute at hunter college and as you all know he is the cofounder with frank williams of the forum which they established 24 years ago. he is currently our cochair. in his past lives harold chaired the lincoln bicentennial foundation and cochaired the lincoln

illinois is the land of lincoln. springfield certainly is the city of lincoln. his home is here, his old law offices are here, and of course he is buried on the outskirts of town at oak ridge cemetery. lincoln is extraordinarily important to the city of springfield. this museum was built in 2005. it was opened to the public. it had been a dream for many folks in central illinois, a presidential library for the greatest president. the purpose of the library is very basic, to preserve and pass on the legacy of abraham lincoln. he is the man i think best encapsulated what it means to be american, freedom and equality, opportunity. we do put him on a pedestal rightly, but also he was a human being and had great ambitions to do great things. he certainly succeeded in that. abraham lincoln was born in 1809 in kentucky. he lived there just for a few years. he was six or seven when he moved to indiana, lived through his teens in indiana. he grew up on the frontier. he had a lot of front -- hard work to do clearing land, essentially being a farmer in many ways, lived a ve

comes to the building in 1840 as a representative. after lincoln's assassination in 1865 his body lies here in state where nearly 75,000 people came to this building in a 22 hour time period to pay their respects to the fallen president. as springfield becomes the state capital in 1839 the population of illinois is starting to move northward. when springfield is established this tiny town of about 1500 is actually larger than a small outpost on lake michigan called chicago. so springfield becomes the capital city as it is a central location in illinois. as the population starts to expand northward the ideas of slavery then begin to change. linking comes to this building in 1840 as a representative. lincoln served four terms as a representative but he serves his last and final between the years of 1840 and 41 in this building. here on the main historic level of the oath a capital we have the state library and this is where abraham lincoln started to hone his political career. it was in the state library where he was always surrounded with information

up next we visit the abraham lincoln library and museum. >> the abraham lincoln presidential library museum opened its doors in 2005, but our collection goes back much further. in 1889, they established the illinois state historical library and ever since that time, we have been collecting all the pressures that help illustrate illinois' wonderful past and as you might imagine, the illinois story is not complete without a really close look at abraham lincoln's life. in our lincoln collection, we have about 52,000 pieces that cover every aspect of abraham lincoln's life. that collection would include about 18,000 monographs written about abraham lincoln. he is the most written about american ever which is quite staggering. on any given day a visitor to the museum is able to see about 100 original pieces from our collection that are on display and there is always a reason to come back to the abraham lincoln presidential museum because we are rotating those items out and putting new pieces on display all the time. we always like to say a visitor that comes to the museum today, if you com

the left. >> in this place, mr. lincoln practiced law. aty came into this building two important times. houses when he gave the divided speech, but the most important was when she watched him give up votes to mr. turned for the legislature to go to the u.s. congress. he turned over some votes that were given to mr. lincoln and mary was very disheartened that he would give up a legislative post to another man as opposed to asking him to turn over his coach to him. mary was very hard on mr. lincoln about that. this would have been where elijah and francis simeon's house would have been on jefferson street. >> simeon was the editor of the newspaper. eliza was his wife. mary firstncoln and engagement broke up -- >> their first engagement broke up? >> there is a lot of controversy about that breakup. if they broke up because he got just feel or did he like he was inadequate for mary? a lot of it was the pressure from her sisters. he wasn'ts felt like good enough for mary. afterw that they broke up new year's eve. both of them we

after abraham lincoln loses the senate seat lincoln does not political office until that of the presidency. when he runs for the president 1860, even utilizing this building for his campaign headquarters. some gentlemen came to abraham lincoln's house one evening, and would you him, consider running for president of the united states? lincoln actually said, i think i'll have to think about that. lincoln gives his response that he would run for president of the united states. this room was the governor's reception room. the governor's office is right door. this is where the governor would during the , and 1860 campaign for president, utilizes this as his campaign headquarters, or office, if you will. we actually have an original newspaper, for an artist that this room, when lincoln had his reception here. up as it would ave been in 1860, when brain hamlin con would have known what this room was like. one of the most unusual things large woodenis the chain that hangs in the corner. we don't really know a lot about that wooden chain but it shows up in the original newspaper reproducedn so we'

springfield is the city of lincoln. his home is here, his speeches, his law offices, and he is buried on the outskirts of town at oak ridge cemetery. he is extraordinarily important. this is the always built in 2005. it had been a dream for many folks in central illinois, presidential library for the greatest president. the purpose is to pass on the legacy of abraham lincoln. he is the man who best encapsulated what it means to be freedom and equality, opportunity. we put him on a pedestal rightly , but he was a human being and had great ambitions to do great things. abraham lincoln was born in 1809 in kentucky. he lived there for a few years. he was six or seven when he moved to indiana, lived through his teens in indiana. he grew up on the front tier and had a lot of -- the front tier -- frontier. he was determined to move beyond his hard life. you see a young lincoln putting focus on learning as much as he could and fighting -- finding rare books because he knew he wanted to do something more with his life. from an ea

comes to the building in 1840 as a representative. lincolnerved four terms as a state representative and served his last between the years of 1840-41. on the main historic level of the old state capitol we have a state library. where lincoln started to hone his political career. it was in the state library and he was always surrounded by information and knowledge and people. his friends say lincoln is a competitive chess player. in the state library in this room, abraham lakin debated the house divided speech before he gave it in 1865. a biography about lincoln says that they sat along a long cylindrical table and debated. was the only one who supported lincoln's ideas and his friends said if you say these radical things, you will not win the election. his friends were right. he lost the election. the ideas about what does freedom mean and how do we interpret that today started for abraham lincoln in this building , possibly even around this table. behind me is a representative hall. in 1840, they were not assigned seats. back then, democrats

awarded by the lincoln memorial university in 2013. recipient of an alumni achievement award from the university of illinois champaign urbana, and professor of the year award from the howard university student association in 2013. i know you will welcome her back for her comments on women in the civil war. [applause] >> good afternoon. as a member of the board of advisors for the lincoln forum, i thank you for being here. and i would like to thank carolyn frank for giving me the opportunity on numerous occasions for giving me -- numerous occasions to provide my view on the civil war. and thank you to catherine cooper, a woman's woman. she is someone who has always supported women whether they were black, white, green, blue, whatever. she has helped our students along the way, our graduate students, and she spent most of her life committed to studying the history of women. i thank her sincerely for all that she has done for us, and i think we should give her a round of applause. [applause] my comments are going to be rather general, but

we visit the abraham lincoln library and museum. e presidential library museum opened in 2005, but our collection goes back much further. 1889 they establish the illinois state historical library and since that time we have been collecting treasures that help illustrate our wonderful past. as you might imagine, the illinois story is not complete without a close look at abraham lincoln. in our collection we have about 52,000 pieces covering every aspect of his life. the collection would include about 18,000 monographs written about him. he is the most written about american ever. museum is ablee piecesabout 100 original from our collection on display. there is always reason to come back to the museum because we are rotating those items out. we put new pieces on display all the time, and we like to say a visitor that comes to the museum today, if you come back one later, you will see a whole new group of pieces. today i pulled some pieces out of the vault to show you. ofy help illustrate the life abraham lincoln. this is the oldest pie

ofy illustrate the life abraham lincoln. you first the oldest piece of writing he did that survived. of paper thate abraham lincoln got his hands on in 1824 when he was living in the cabin in the middle of the wilderness. he got his hands on 11 pieces of paper just like this. he made a little notebook. he used this to work his way through a textbook. you can see, he worked his way off -- through all sorts of mathematical problems. multiplication, he is a little boy that is trying desperately to acquire an education. abraham lincoln had less than a year of formal education. a lot of his education is really self-taught. he picks it up by working his way through little textbooks. in thatthe first page notebook. i think it is quite remarkable. i will show you a couple of my favorite things. this is the first autograph that survives. look how clearly he wrote his name as a young teenage boy. he told us in his autobiography that he wrote for the election that his father had never done more in the way of writing then to sign his own

unlike the house, you don't have douglas and lincoln overlooking the two parties. douglas and lincoln both served in the house, neither in the senate. the senate chamber, just like the illinois house was restored in 2006-2007. from 1997 to 2005, one of the state senators here was barack obama was and went on became president of the united states. because he served before the restoration, his desk is not here. where he would have sat is here. he was generally in the back row. his last spot was here. he was here for four sessions. this is where senator obama would have sat for those sessions. in 2018 senator obama, u.s. senator obama, is elected president. he announced his candidacy at the old state cal in sprfled in 2007. he came to springfield to announce his candidacy for the white house. in 2018 he returned to springfield where he announced david jacoby as his running -- joe bidenen as his running -- joe biden as his running mate. his first visit out of the white house after being inaugurated was to springfield. the last time he was in springfield was in 2016. he

he admits, the more i study lincoln, the bigger he seems. he says it is my lincoln problem. el. head, lincoln with bowed and arms clasped in front. topacks it off, takes it lincoln, nebraska, he meets a woman who had seen lincoln at the lincoln douglas debates and she says to him, i remembered he had a curious way of standing before he was to speak. he stood with his hands clasped in front of him as if he was collecting his thoughts. they then unpacked the model and put on display and the woman said, you were there? he wasn't, but he had somehow intuited it. he had somehow intuited it. he called it his high water mark. >> join us this presidents' day, beginning at 8:00 p.m. eastern to learn more about the lincoln memorial. this is american history tv, all weekend, every weekend, on c-span3. >> next, on lectures in history. brooklyn college professor kc johnson teaches a class on lyndon johnson and richard nixon's supreme court nominations. he describes johnson's plan to fill the bench with liberal justices and the difficulties he ran into trying to get them confirmed. he outl

when he visits lincoln in the white house, and lincoln says some of the things he says, they agree on how to the war, later on he says lincoln is the greatest man i ever met. >> he had to meet him to know that. john: they had never seen each other until that famous episode. >> speaking of that meeting, willards hotel, march of 1864, when grant arrives in the national capital, comes east from the west. he is unknown in the east. there is the famous story where he walked up to the work, and he said we are pretty crowded, a lot of things going on in washington. we might be able to find you in the back. he signs u.s. grant and son. well, sir, we at the presidential suite. they meet. this is the first time the two men actually see each other at the white house at a reception. john: there is an even better story because what happens when that clerk says general grant, you can have this wonderful room, may i help you with your suitcases? he helps him. grant comes back down and goes into the restaurant. these people are starting to whisper, who is that? him that is general grant. -- they star

more i study lincoln, the bigger he seems. lincolne says, my problem. model. the first 36-inch model. lincoln with bowed head arms clasped in front. he takes it to lincoln, nebraska. meets a woman who had seen abraham lincoln at the lincoln-douglas debates. him, i remembered he had a curious way of standing before he was to speak. with his hands clasped in front of him as if he was collecting his thoughts. they then unpacked the model and put it on display and the woman were there? and he wasn't. intuited it.mehow he called this his high water mark. president's day, beginning at 8 p.m. eastern, to learn more about the lincoln memorial. is american history t.v. all weekend, every weekend, on c-span 3. nearly 100 new members of the u.s. house this year, congresswoman iana presley. the boston based seventh district. she previously served as an of the bostonr city council. this isn't her first experience with congress. formerked for both representative joseph kennedy and former senator john kerry in her career. isresentative laurie trahan also a former congressiona

the newspaper. eliza was his wife, and when mr. lincoln and mary broke up for the first engagement, broke up -- their first engagement broke up? >> yeah. there's a lot of controversy about that breakup, if they broke up because of he got cold feet, or did he just feel like he was inadequate for mary? i think a lot of it was the pressure from her sisters because they always felt like he wasn't good enough for mary to marry because mary was a todd. so we don't know what really broke them up, but we know that they broke up right after new year's eve and they were miserable, both of them. so eliza and simeon, each one of them invited the other. them to dinner one night, not knowing the other one was going to be there. and they sat and talked that evening like they'd never been apart for each other and it had been like nine months and after that initial meeting, they started coming here secretly and meeting and courting here at their home in secret because she didn't want her sisters to butt in yet again. >> you mentioned mary todd's sisters di

the u.n. abrahamribes how lincoln changed the supreme court during his presidency and analyzes the question of whether lincoln packed the court. after his remarks, he sits down for a conversation about the history of political influence on the supreme court with university of richmond law professor inner chambers. the american civil war museum hosted this 90-minute event. introduce ourt me speaker for tonight. hubler, thetimothy sternberg professor of history at rhodes college in memphis, tennessee. a specialist in the history of the 19th century united states, he is the author and co-author of multiple books including "liberty and unions," which we have in our gift shop. he has published numerous articles in scholarly journals. his essays and op-ed pieces have appeared in "the wall street journal" website, "the hill," and the "near times" to name a few. he received his v.a. from the university of miami and m.a. and phd from the university of florida. without further ado, let's give a warm welcome to dr. cuban or. huebner.ban or -- >> thank you, kelly. thanks to the staff here at the american

we would like you to receive this gift on behalf of the lincoln group. [applause] >> thank you very much for sharing your research with us. around forl be questions and conversation. we are past our time. the meeting is adjourned but thank you for your participation. see you next month. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2019] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> this sunday, american history tv marks the 50th anniversary of the supreme court case where the court ruled students cannot lose their first amendment rights on school grounds. we will be at life with washington journal at 8:00 a.m. eastern. suspended for wearing school tonds to their protest the vietnam war. sunday, live at 8:00 a.m. eastern. >> burning businesses and lynching black residents. we drive around with historian kathryn harris who recounts the events leading up to that right and the effects it had on the city. >> these are white people riding against black people. it

eastern to learn more about the lincoln memorial. this is american history tv, all weekend, every weekend on c-span3. >>> did the conditions of world war i's treaty of versailles lead to world war ii? next on american history tv, university of toronto professor margaret mcmillen explores the 1918 armistice, the treaty's terms, and the expectations of germany and the allies at the end of world war i. ms. mcmillen is the author of "paris 1919: six months that changed the world." this one-hour talk was part of a three-day conference hosted by the national world war ii museum in new orleans. >> welcome back to the symposium. as we heard from dr. reynolds earlier today about the legacies of the great war, we're now going to hear about the ending of the war and how it had great and awful effects on the world that it left in its wake. this is the symposium's general raymond e. mason jr. distinguished lecture on world war ii. he served under general patton and worked his way through the ranks following the war, inin

. >> on august 20 8, 1963, an estimated 250,000 people gathered at the lincoln memorial to demand civil rights legislation in the march on washington for jobs and freedom. , columnists commemorate junior's 90thking birthday by discussing the 1963 march and is i have a dream speech. the cleveland park library and washington, d.c. hosted this event. it is about 65 minutes. about 65 minutes. >> good evening and welcome. thank you for joining us at the d.c. public library in celebration of martin luther king jr. week. please visit our websites for more information about our, and a week -- mlk week programming and resources. tonight we present a discussion on the wash -- the march in washington. this is being recorded and televised by c-span, all questions will be on camera. we are privileged to have as our jamie, clarence page and tiehm. groep in ohio. he is quickly called upon as a television commentator. jamie is a columnist covering history. she also lives in washington. jamie will begin. jamie: thank you to everyone who came out tonight. up with someo warm memories of the march on washi

the wives of lincoln's top generals and examines how the relationships their husbands and president lincoln affected the war. this was recorded in washington, d.c. in 2016. minutes -- about 40 minutes. >> good afternoon, everyone. thank you so much for being here today. my name is candice. with some of the events here in the store and on behalf of the owners and the rest of staff, i want to welcome you to politics and prose. i just have a couple of over.ics to go if you wouldn't mind taking out your cell phones and making sure they are on silence. this event this afternoon and we also have c-span here with us today. having any interrupts would be great -- interruptions would be great. anre going to have about hour-long presentation here, with half the time given to our author's presentation and the other half given to your questions. we have one microphone on the side here. using thatdn't mind for your question, we can pick it up on the recording and to hear will be able you. finally, we typically ask that you fold up your chairs at the before getting in the signing line. if you could just

because it, the lincoln problem. it "the lincoln problem. this is the first model. 36 inches. th a bout head -- bowed head, and arms clasped in front. he takes it to lincoln, nebraska. he meets a woman who had seen lincoln in person. him, i recovered he had a curious way a standing before he was to speak. he stood with his hands clasped in front of him as if he was collecting his thoughts. they then unpacked the model and put it on display and the woman said, you were there? he wasn't, but he had somehow intuited it. he called this is high water mark. watch this and other american history programs on our website, where all of our video is archived. that is c-span.org/history. monday night, on the communicators, christopher shelton, president of the communications workers of america talks about their opposition to the proposed t-mobile-straight murder. -- merger. mobile-sprint merger. >> we think it's a bad idea. it will destroy about 30,000 for an the united states german government owned company and a japanese billionaire company. we don't see why the german government or japa

join us this president's day to learn more about the lincoln memorial. history tv, all weekend, every weekend on c-span3. have you seen c-span's newest book? hundreds of gorgeous photos. magnificent. senate historian richard baker said mesmerizing photographs. this book is the ultimate insider's torah. 1890der your copy for just -- $18.95 plus shipping. >> next on history tv, this cussing race and politics in the 1990's. topics include the presidential election, clinton and his relations with the african-american community and wto protests. this discussion was part of the american historical association annual meeting in chicago. good afternoon and welcome to the session. politics and race. i am the executive director of the c-span archives, the faculty director for c-span scholarship. i am also a professor at the school of communication. that is a mouthful, but they all fit together on this panel. as a political scientist, it is exciting for me to learn more about modern american hist

by the end of 1862, neither of those men commanded any troops. lincoln had relieved them of command. the same day fremont and mcclellan were made major generals, sherman was commissioned a colonel. grant received his first command two months later in july of 1861. --1865, sherman and grant spoiler alert -- they were at the top of the united states army command. they rose from obscurity to national, even international fame. i have got just a bit of a bonus material here for you. it is not in my but -- book. i think this illustrates the trajectories of their careers. ins is fremont and mcclellan 1861, and this is sherman and grant in 1865. you know the old adage, behind every great man there is a great woman. how does that work? what about the not so great men of history? and the women behind them? mereems to me more than coincidence that when i found these matching sets of generals, i found two sets of wives who shared some important characteristics. i will only be able to talk about a few of those characteristics. i realize that none of the wives lived i

the head. president lincoln dies on april 15th, 1865, good friday. he is then taken back to springfield where he will buried on a trip some 1700 miles on the rail. thousands along the way turn out to see the train and pay their respects to the slain president. one of the final sections of what we call journey two in our museum represents lincoln lying in state at the state capital here in springfield at the end of his long journey back from washington. shay wi they will show respect to president lincoln. he was buried the next day at oak ridge cemetery. there was a lot of debate. some people wanted to bury him in chicago. it was a great back and forth with mary. she determined where it was going to happen. she wanted it to be in oak ridge cemetery. he was buried there. a few years later there was a plot to steal his body. thankfully that was foiled. many years later when robert todd was still alive, they built the new tomb where he's safely buried along with mary and every one in the family except for robert todd who was buried at arlington national s

the wives of lincoln's top generals and examines how the relationships their husbands and president lincoln affected the war. this was recorded in washington, d.c. in 2016. minutes -- about 40 minutes. >> good afternoon, everyone. thank you so much for being here today. my name is candice. with some of the events here in the store and on behalf of the owners and the rest of staff, i want to welcome you to politics and prose. i just hav

but i'm going to out myself as a lincoln, huge lincoln admirer. i would make the argument that lincoln was always considering what we would call public opinion. and when he made statements -- so the current president? >> please, please. that was a little bit of a low blow. when he went out there and said let's call colonization. i think he knew perfectly well was a nonstarter. i think it's the greatest thing ever written about lincoln was a eulogy in 1876. >> i surrender as a. >> he had to bring the public with him in as much as we don't like it, most of the public including most white people to the north had no used to the black people. it would've been much happier if we had a country with few or no black people in it. so, lincoln had to bring these people to at least a position of neutrality on his politics. and so you find him saying things that curdle our blood, i'm not saying that he didn't harbor what we would call racist ideas, he did, he was a man of his time. he really believed that we could solve this problem through colonization. i don't believe for a

of course, the union folks believe strongly in what president lincoln was doing. for the most part, we had a terribly divided town. in those days, we had two newspapers in 1860. one was the delta newspaper, one was the son. often times, newspapers picked political sides in those early years. the delta attended to support the southern cause. the sun supported the northern cause. both sides,was that editorially, attacked each other on a regular basis. john shannon ran the delta newspaper. william governor morris was a contributor to the sun newspaper. those two had a standing feud going on editorially. in fact, a humorous story, the son had a motto. "it shines for all." to.t was the newspaper moto shannon wrote in his newspaper a criticism of that, "shines for all yes, and like mannered as decayed fish in a dark night. it shines and stinks and shines to stink again." 2 menember of 1860, the confronted each other. both of them were armed. both of them were very upset with each other. john shannon was killed by william governor morris right on the streets of visalia. i

. >> illinois is the land of lincoln. springfield is the city of lincoln. his home is here. the old state capitol is here. his law office is here. he's buried on the outskirts of town. >> c-span's cities tour is on the road exploring the american story. this weekend, we visit springfield, the capital city of illinois. >> when they built this building, they wanted something that showed that illinois, we are it, and that is what this building is. >> with the help of our comcast cable partners, we will learn about the life of our 16th president. >> so he could disguise his political ambition under the umbrella of his law practice. and in doing so he built this network that eventually he used in the 1850's to put himself in the position of getting the republican nomination for president. these are the gloves that were in abraham lincoln's pocket on the night of the assassination. you can see the remnants of the blood on these gloves today. >> join us on book tv as we speak with local springfield and this sunday we will learn about lincoln's ties to springfield on american history

one of the most important qualities in a leader is empathy. you can have natural born empathy. lincoln from the time when he was a little kid, when friends would be putting hot coals on turtles to make them wriggle, he would go over and say that's wrong. lyndon johnson had a certain empathy as well. maybe both of them having come from poor backgrounds gave them closer to seeing people who were in trouble and feeling for them. he taught at a small mexican-american school and saw the pain -- he was a kid in college at that time -- taking off a year to make money. he saw the pain of prejudice and he really wanted to help them. and he changed those kids' lives. whereas for franklin and teddy roosevelt, empathy didn't develop until they actually went into politics. teddy said that he was going in for an adventure. get in the state legislature. he thought it might be fun. but once he got there and saw tenement houses and was a police commissioner later and he saw what the slums were like at night, then he developed what he called a fellow feeling and desire to help make their lives better. a

springfield is the city of lincoln. his home is here. the old state capitol where he gave the house divided speech is here. his old law offices are here. of course he's buried on the outskirts of town. so lincoln is extraordinarily important to the city of springfield. >> c-span's cities tour is on the road, exploring the american story. this weekend we visit springfield. >> illinois had it made. when they built this building, when they knew they were going to build a new capitol, they wanted something to just -- i always say shock and awe. they wanted something that showed that illinois, man, we are it. that's what this building is. that's what to some extent it represents. >> with the help of our comcast cable partners, we'll travel the city to learn about the life of our 16th president. >> he could disguise his political ambition under the umbrella of his law practice and that's the significance of the circuit. and in doing so, he built this network that eventually he put -- he used in 1850's to put himself into the poss -- into the po

dark days of the civil war. lincoln- the members of lincoln's cabinet very often groaned when lincoln would start to tell a story because he knew these stories would go on and on and there was business to be done. and sometimes the stories had a point, a moral. for example, at the end of the civil war when jefferson davis was on the run, and nobody could quite figure out what to do with him, lincoln did not want to try him for treason. lincoln wished that the davis problem would simply go away. lincoln was all in favor of a speedy and lenient reconstruction. but he was -- he had to have sort of some policy about what to do with confederate leaders. he was asked, mr. president, what shall we do? mr. president, it brings me in mind this baptist that i used to know. and this baptist was quite opposed to the use of any alcoholic beverages. he would not go near the stuff. but he came down with a fever. and his doctor prescribed a certain gram of whiskey once a day. and the baptists couldn't decide whether to follow his consc

lincoln. he certainly would have been in springfield at the time mr. lincoln was in springfield. >> they came to his house and what happened? >> they lynched him. the building where we are going -- the stateed fortal served as a refuge the black people. the arsenal was a safe haven for black people and across the street on the grounds of the state capital. where did they go from there? itthat was about the end of because the state militia started to show up. that was the end of two days of rioting. >> how much damage was done and how many people were killed? there were 40 homes destroyed , three people were killed. >> what happened to the prisoners? joe james was ultimately convicted of the murder and so he was hanged in october. richardson, who was and september., this was in august. in september, she recanted her story, she had not been raped. she had been having an affair with a white man and her husband busted her out. he found out about it. that is what started the whole riot. the best thing that happened was the formation of the naacp. because at

thinking about writing a book on lincoln, didn't you know there were already 10,000 books on lincoln? does the world need another book on lincoln, and what is it that you brought to it that made it so distinctive and such a best seller? doris: it was really scary to do lincoln, and i did not think it was out of chutzpah, thinking i could make a huge contribution. i just knew that i wanted to live with him. that is how i choose my subject. if i'm going to spend so much time, i want to be happy with a person getting up in the morning and thinking about him when i go to bed at night. and abraham lincoln was somebody i always wanted to learn more about. so i just hoped that if i started in, i could figure out a different angle. david: lyndon johnson was famously colorful in his language. i always thought the johnson treatment was yelling at people, screaming at people. things like that. intimidating people. when you listen to tapes, you don't hear any curse words. at least i didn't hear any. were they excerpted, or did he not talk that way? doris: know, the interesting thing was when he was on tho

the man? david: lincoln considered suicide at one point? doris: lincoln said you must rally or you will die. when they become great leaders is when ambition for yourself becomes ambition for the greater good. a leader needs to help the citizens come together to feel that they have a sense of common destiny. >> would you fix your tie, please? david: well, people wouldn't recognize me if my tie was fixed, but ok. let's leave it this way. all right. i don't consider myself a journalist. and nobody else would consider myself a journalist. i began to take on the life of being the life of an interviewer , even though i have a day job. how do you define leadership? what is it that makes somebody tick? why did you decide to write a book on leadership as opposed to another biography? doris: what really intrigued me, from the time i was in graduate school, was the questions revolving around leadership. the ones that we used to debate when we were young, staying up at night and reading plato or aristotle. our leaders born or made? does the times make the man? when does somebody recognize themselves as a

he had been invited to go to the theater with lincoln. i made my excuse and at the proper hour week started for the train. what else happened that night? grantmet: grant and julia had been invited to go to theater -- go to ford's that night with mrs. lincoln and the president. i'm not sure that julia grant and mrs. lincoln got along all that well, but i think they wanted to get back to new jersey where their children were. grant was happiest with his family and wanted to get back to them. they ended up going straight home. grant had to turn right around and go back to washington as soon as he had learned of the assassination. chance that he was not there. brian: this is the amazing thing -- as we were driving along pennsylvania avenue, a horseman drove past us at a gallop. this is someone who had been rude to them at lunch. mrs.ng into the carriage, grant said, there is the man who sat near us at lunch today with some effort to overhear our conversation. it turns out it was john wilkes booth? ms. samet: the conspirators -- it was so myster

the roadway, i will move out away at the great highway at lincoln way with the flashing red lights. are you see that first flashing red light, there is a slight depression in the roadway. as vehicles move towards the closure, there is pulling and they hit that large puddle. we can see it. vehicles are coming and they are moving at a good clip. everybody is not getting the word that the great highway is closed. watch this vehicle as it passes it is starting to break early but people do not realize this is closed until they hit this large pool of water. that is common as you move around san francisco. we will look at the video. we drove in from oakland through the city. the freeways have water pooling on the far left lane and all the way to the right pick the corners of the roadway's is where you find water pooling. be careful of that. also there is spray as drivers hit a pool of water. you will spray up perhaps into your windchills. be mindful of that. also, debris is loaded to the highway. the great highway is closed from lincoln. if you use this eric comp you have to take a detour

one of the most important qualities in a leader is empathy. lincoln from the time when he was a little kid, when friends would be putting hot coals on turtles, he would go and say that is wrong. lyndon johnson had a certain empathy. maybe both of them having come from poor backgrounds gave them a closer feeling to people who were poor. he saw the kid in pain taking off a year to make money. he saw the pain of prejudice and wanted to help them. he change their lives. for franklin and teddy roosevelt, empathy did not develop until they went into politics. teddy said, that he was going in for an adventure. he thought it might be fun. once he got there and saw tenement houses and was a police commissioner and he saw what the slums were like, he developed a fellow feeling and desire to help make their lives better. fdr's polio made him a more warmhearted man to other people who had been dealt an unkind hand. david: the leaders you write about, many of them had problems early on, it was not predictable. it was not sure if lincoln and fdr would be president.

to look forward to in season number two so let's look at a clip of what made america great. >> the lincoln memorial was the only memorial that was down to bedrock creating the underground structure that is as large as the monument itself. the incredible architecture never before seen artwork as far back as 1914 make this a site you don't want to miss while the secretary was taught the department of the interior we traveled over 60 feet below the service to give a glimpse of the time capsule to the past. abby: that is a preview of one of the locations you will visit season number two traveling through the country with brian kilmeade. what made america great fox nation february 14. thank you for all of that the only way to see what made america great is to sign up right now. how do you do that? grab your phone or tablet and download the app at the app store or google play searching fox nation. sign up tonight and get one week free that is very exciting if you don't you will miss this. . >> this has put a lot of black on my hands. >> the brian terry family does not have all the answers. we ha