>> carina: teachers.lesome intellectuals. >> carina: sometimes lawyers, or -- >> anthony: something like something like 3% to 5% of the population had gone through the prison system. i mean, we're not talking about incarceration, we're talking about they were tortured and then kept inside a prison system that was specifically designed to pretty much destroy them. >> anthony: in the mid-1980s the people of uruguay had had enough. massive demonstrations and strikes finally forced the government to hold elections and the military was swept from power. >> carina: we are now a democratic country since 1984. >> anthony: and how's it going? >> carina: i think it's going well. we have troubles. we are in latin america. we like to believe that we are a european country, but we are not. >> anthony: but are you optimistic? >> carina: i am, i am. i don't see like a huge crisis coming. but also when they came, you never realized before, so. ♪ ♪ >> anthony: when people think of this often overlooked, little country --

captain carina vinterdal guards the northern sector, with 120 soldiers. >> carina vinterdal: they'reall the time. 24/7, i have people along the border. so i have four observation posts that are manned at all time throughout the whole year. >> martin: are your soldiers armed? >> vinterdal: yeah. >> martin: do they ever had to use their weapons? >> vinterdal: no, but we have to be prepared. >> martin: we went to the most remote of those outposts, in the high north of the norwegian mainland. one unit was just finishing its three weeks on watch, and a new one coming in. to get there, you have to lug your gear up a long, steep staircase, part of which is covered over, to defend against the arctic winter. the observation post is manned year-round, and once you get to the top, you can see why it's worth the trouble. these norwegian soldiers are able to look deep into russia and far out to sea, making this a key piece of terrain for the nato alliance. that's russia over there, and this is where the border with norway ends. it's nato's northern-most flank, and you don't need to be a military