junior was an african-american surgeon. he wrote a letter to his uncle and he said they are earnest labors these angers -- angels of mercy. staff andjust the recognize them. the soldiers did not fail to recognize the contributions that nurses made. they would write letters to newspapers and they would tell about their experiences. was a quartermaster sergeant with the 27th colored troop. he spoke about the services of women. he wrote a letter to the christian recorder. he said this about a woman who was serving of alongside men in the field. he said many of our wounded officers will never forget the of the nurse who administered to their wants as they lay in their blood. there she could be seen the only woman present like an angel from above giving words of cheer and doing all in her power to relieve the suffering of the wounded and the dying. the nurses the nurses had an opportunity to get equated with each other. of thesult of the lamp camp, the similarity of the work and the cavett provided to each other. as well as to t

neglect ofve african-americans. you can see that in statistics when you say that we are the inber one city and zip code terms of incarceration of african-americans. when we look at housing in this area. you can see that when there is a disparity between african-american youth getting wider and wider. when factoriest and businesses are closing their doors to the neighborhoods that depend on them. you can see that in the behavior , because with violence they simply don't see any other course and they internalize their stress with each other. changing,ing, it's and it needs to change more. it's not just about having african-american representatives . because conditions are still in bad shape and we have african-american representatives at city hall and at the state legislature. but there needs to be greater change. to milwaukeetravel to learn about its rich history. to watch more video from milwaukee and other stops on our tour, visit c-span.org/cities tour. you are watching american history tv, all weekend every weeke

was an african-american surgeon. he wrote a letter to his uncle and he said they are earnest laborers and angels of mercy. it wasn't just the staff and recognize them. the soldiers did not fail to recognize the contributions that nurses made. a lot of times what they did was write letters to newspapers, like the christian recorder, and tell them about their experiences. one soldier who was a quartermaster sergeant with the 27th united states colored troops, he spoke about the services of women and he wrote a letter to the christian recorder. he said this about a woman who was serving alongside the regiment in the field. he said -- many of our wounded officers at the battle of the bottom will never forget the kind use of sister penny who administered to their wants as they lay near john's landing. there she could be seen, the only woman president, like an angel from above given words of cheer and doing all in her hour to relieve the suffering of the wounded and the dying. the nurses at contraband camp had a lot of opp

the national museum of african-american history and culture. slavery in freedom and very large exhibition as you can see. where it's a large time period that we address. fifteenth century looking at africa and europe going all the way to the development of the nation and by the time we get to reconstruction around eight hundred seventy seven so it's very important for people to understand that african-americans have always been pushing this notion of freedom against a backdrop of a nation that was coming into being based on the notion of liberty but in slavery. directly behind me is the display that speaks to the paradox of liberty on the platform we have several voices of freedom so there thomas jefferson of course the president of united states still maintaining inflamed men women and children while he was putting together the document for the declaration of the constitution so when we talk about equality it's a very important think about african-americans pushed not only by the definition of freedom and push for how this nation of coming int

but they also recruited african-american men to serve in the navy. recruitment posters were quickly circulated, calling for the enlistment of black soldiers. interestingly, the emancipation proclamation and the opening of a national enlistment effort of black men was preceded on december 24, 1862 by a proclamation from jefferson davis, in his capacity as president of the confederate states of america in his general orders number 111. he said, and i am just going to "now,ou an excerpt -- therefore, jefferson davis, president of the confederate states of america do pronounce and declare the said benjamin butler to be a felon deserving of capital punishment. i do order that he be no longer considered or treated simply as a public enemy of the confederate states of america but as an outlaw and common enemy of mankind. and that, in the event of his capture, the officer in command of the capturing force to call for him to be immediately executed by hanging. and i do further order that no commissioned officer of the united states taken captive shall be rele

a sort of african american presence. i have an unusual sort of relationship with the history because i had been writing about the history of an effort to to build a national museum in my dissertation so i've been very carefully following sort of what had been going on in congress various sort of public and private initiatives to start start the museum. this is a museum but containing. a 100 here is it was demanded dismissed. no collection no money but never given up. today. in the middle of washington d.c. the national museum of african american history and culture. slavery in freedom is a very large exhibition as you can tell. where it is the law our time period that we address. 15th century looking at africa and europe going all the way to the development of the nation and by the time we get to reconstruction around $877.00 so it's very important for people to understand that african-americans have always been pushing this notion of freedom against a backdrop of a nation that was coming into being based on the notion o

african-americans were averted -- trying to vote african-americans were murdered for trying to vote. the longtime president of morehouse college and spiritual godfather of the civil rights movement continues to battle from the 1930's down to the 1980's that the right to vote is the most sacred thing a man can have. in 1957, his student, dr. melissa king junior, echoed his -- dr. martin luther king junior, echoed his mentor. not firmly and irrevocably possess the right to vote, i do not possess myself, king demanded. is this congress demonstrated, revolutions can go backward. that to happen. already it is difficult for me to believe that an 2019, we are seeing purges of voter lists, draconian voter id laws that discriminate against poor people, minorities, the elderly and disabled, as much luther king junior challenged in his nobel peace acceptance speech, i the idea thatpt the business of men makes him of reachingpable for that which confronts him. >> you are watching american history tv, 48 hours of programming every weekend on c-spanand 3. follow us on twitter for information on ou

could in african-american compete?aries, he outperformed the expectations and turned the tables. i want to talk about the state of black america report if i can. this is important because it is a 2020 lens. we identify what i call the terrible trio of voter suppression. there is an active campaign in america to suppress the vote and suppress the vote of african-americans. the supreme court and its decisions are part of that. state legislatures are part of it. what we identify is how russian interference focused on african-americans. that has not been talked about. but it was really the driving influence to poke a finger into the country's racial challenges, to try to influence to not voteicans, in the 2016 election. david: we have a lot of to do. marc morial, terrific having you here. marc: we will be back. david: i hope you will be. live from new york, this is bloomberg. ♪ david: roger ferguson was the only member of the fed there on 9/11 and this is what he experienced. >> when the towers went down, i was right next

that she never forget was an african-american woman. she once famously said -- race and sex were twins against me. i am much which was the hardest to break down. -- i am not sure which was the hardest to break down. history honors great leaders of social change, but far too often history has edited out any of the contributions of women and credits.s from its alice dunnigan fits into all these categories. she was a great thinker, a great writer and journalist, and she used these skills to become a change,ader of social advocating for women's rights and civil rights during an especially challenging time in our nation's history. is a symbol -- her monument is a symbol that tells a more complete, social history in the united states. this cannuments like inform us of our history, but they also point the way to our future. alice dunnigan envision the future of equality and she dedicated her life to this vision. i believe it is time for her to take her place in history as a visionary, as the mother of her movement. ♪ thank you. [applause] kurt

one of his themes is not only african american patriotism, but african-american leadership and the potential for leadership, and the difference leadership did make during the war and the difference leadership could make. i see him as a figure as we sometimes think about this sort of arc of african-american leadership and writing about the civil war, we jump from douglass to dubois, and wilson is this critical bridge figure between those two. shares of some of douglass's experiences, shares some of dubois's scholarly ideas and aims, but another important traditional figure. [applause] >> dr. liz varon. [applause] >> on american history tv, today at 6:00 p.m., on american artifacts, the rise of exhibit on the lgbtq rights movement at the newseum on the 50th anniversary of the stonewall riots. >> stonewall prayed on the gay wall street workers who socialized their. there was a blackmailing ring. not the nicest place, but it was a place. on the presidency, hear about the watergate tapes 45 years later. >> if you listen to all these tapes, the president said this, , told pateed that gray to do th

many african-americans of craven county thought otherwise.ingleton thought, "the war will not be over until i have had a chance to spill my blood." he collected his five dollars and headed toward the ame church at new bern. they did not exist solely for religious purposes but also as a site of mobilization. headquartered at the church, singleton launched a campaign to recruit african-american men for a regiment. "i employed the men and i drilled them with corn stalks for guns." with limited resources, singleton and his men did not have access to weapons but improvised and managed to drill at least once a week. in addition to assembling the men for training, he noted that, "i supported myself with whatever i could do in my men did likewise." when he arrived in new bern, he noted that residents were suffering for food and this suffering or anxiety is far beyond anything i anticipated. refugees served in the military will also employing creative ways to survive. despite experiencing years of indolence, they made efforts to work even when the gov

so i do understand that some people ask, why so much focus on african american men? because the reality is that african american men face the greatest risk. >> amen. >> if we want to have a realistic afgs about improving the outcomes of african american men, we have to focus on them. this allows us to provide them the focus and attention they need. bringing in role models and people that look like them and saying you can do well and be successful and great. >> i've seen on the website, the seven cities, the grade point average, the people that stayed out of jail. you track it. >> yeah. we're tracking all of those things. the doctor is very specific about what it is he wants you to track and make sure we're getting the positive outcomes that he knows the program can achieve. i think to bishop jackson's credit, he continues to lead our oakland program and he does a good job of supporting the program financially and motivating other people to be a part of it. >> i'm glad you came today. thank you. keep up the great work. you've been with us here on mosaic and these poli

we have now african-american women in all aspects of the media. and we have dunnigan to thank for that. we have women like dunnigan to thank for some of the programs that were initiated when she served on these committees. even i would say, i have to be thankful because in her original book, she talks about none other than kansas city's lucille bluford. on the way back, truman stops and shakes hands with lucille bluford. does everybody know who she is? she was the editor of the kansas city newspaper, and african-american paper which was one of the strongest in the united states. i happened to have worked with marie ross, her colleague, who was the first black woman to attend the university of kansas school of journalism. i can remember working with these women -- i see someone nodding their head in the audience, because you remember i did this -- i remember working with these women, and the remember the stories they would tell me about the press days and the struggles they had. none of these women had a lot of money, but they were humble. and i th

the group of african-american men ran back to greenwood and the mob followed them. they marched their way to greenwood and burned it down. destroying greenwood, wiping out that city. that night, all night long, may 31st into june 1st america experienced one of its darkest moments. 1200 homes were destroyed in greenwood, 9000 people were left homeless, 6000 african-americans were rounded up and jailed, quote, for their protection but they were the ones that were held, not the rioters that led to the massacre. numbers are all of the place of how many people actually died that night. numbers as small as 35 and as large as 300, we will never know. but let's just say there were many. very likely into the hundreds of people that died that night. a third of the people were gone. and a third of them packed up and moved and left, that sunday after the fire after the riots and the destruction of greenwood was left leveled. and gathered that sunday for warship, doctor olivia hooker passed away this past november. and she told the story of hearing the men with accents destroyin

one of his themes is not only african american patriotism, but african-american leadership and the potential for leadership, and the difference leadership did make during the war and the difference it could make. i see him as a figure as we sometimes think about this sort of arc of african-american leadership and writing about the civil war, we jump from frederick douglas to two boys -- two dubois -- frederick douglass to dubois, and wilson shares some of the scholarly ideas and aims, but another important traditional figure. [applause] >> dr. liz barron. [applause] announcer 1: this is american history tv on c-span3. each weekend, we feature 48 hours of programs exploring our nation's past. for more information, check out our website. this weekend on the presidency, and author talks about abraham lincoln's sense of humor. here is a preview. he used stories to drive home political arguments. when major general john polk telegraphed that he had captured 5000 confederates, the cabinet asked the president's opinion. that reminds me, he replied, of an old woman who was ill. the doctor gave her m

the russians seeking to manipulate african-american voters appealed to african-american voters on the internet to "vote from home" by to a particular number, something that is not allowed in any state and will have the effect of tricking people into believing they had voted, when they in fact cast no votes. manipulative social media votes that were distributed by russian trolls, if they can convince people not to vote, they were going to make sure as many of our votes as possible would not be counted. that is a general overview of the issues we examined in this here's -- this year's state of black america. i might add that the russians created people like luisa haynes, a russian troll, a black lives matter activist who had the handle @wokeluisa. she was very active on social media telling african-americans "don't vote, all politicians are sellouts, all democrats are sellouts." and by the way, if you do vote, don't vote for the democratic candidate. ladies and gentlemen, this effort by the russians to manipulate and use social media is a new dimension in our fight for democracy in amer

good for the military, that african-americans or somehow cowardly, and they still question whether african-americans deserved. they were hesitant. but the students were very supportive. there is a letter in the book that they wrote to president wilson at the start of world war i where they said, we, officers, teachers and students, because of our unfailing devotion to our ourtry, we hereby offer mind, body and state for make of us ine to maintaining her integrity and her high position among the nations of the world. they wanted to show their support for country and support of the military, and to show that there were good citizens and that they also deserve equal rights. host: tell me about some of the other things that happened on campus in terms of the military preparation? prof. kennedy: one of the more interesting things that happened on campus was that turned entire campus over to the war department in nature they do for framing have ever been to the howard campus, there are gates there were they actually locked built backs, trenches, did military training and service on the campus. host: talk

they ran an advertising campaign directed at african-americans, indicating to them african-americanscould vote from home by texting a particular number. and i report and our german research partner, we will expose it all on the national press club monday morning. so many of the efforts we saw on social media and other things telling blacks don't vote, telling blacks that it doesn't make sense, and giving misinformation was actually russia using that to try and suppress the black vote? >> the russians were actively involved, 126 million people were reached by russians on facebook, 73 million engagements, 1,000 videos posted. they created a person by the name of louisa haynes, a black lives master activist, a woke sister if you will who engaged in a long, lon colloquy through social media telling african-americans not to vote, telling african-americans all democratic politicians were sellouts. it was an orchestrated, diabolical and sinister campaign. and to this point why investigators, why the mueller report, no one squarely said what the russians didn't want anyone to do was suppress

african-americans that were here were working as barbers. farriers working as and blacksmiths. they were a growing and vibrant community. tom the end of the civil war thered of world war i, was a fairly good sized influx of african-americans from other parts of the country, from the deep south, from the southeast. them came from missouri. they came here with limited skills and they were forced in some ways to take the poorest jobs in milwaukee. way people did work their up, but there was a little bit of an underclass that went with all of that. cabin, an honor vintage cabin made by a german immigrant as a representation of what it was like to be an early german-american here in milwaukee. small cabins became frame houses, frame houses -- you wound up with a mansion. hard. worked very many of the industries were created by german-american migrants in milwaukee. talent,s a vast pool of a vast pool of high-energy people interested in building milwaukee. it corrects our cities tour staff recently traveled to milwaukee to learn about its rich history. to watch more video from milwau

however, against black african americans, rates soar early in the 30s and 40s and rates for black africanricans in their 30s or 40s are compared to those -- others who are 30 years older. in fact for diabetes, rates are higher amongst young black african americans than they are for anyone else. at any age. [please stand by] -- it's lower than the rates seen in california overall or the healthy people 2020 goal, young adults, low-income residents and people of color and men are disproportionately affected and have not seen the same gains. low-income residents are twice as likely to smoke and men three times as likely. and a survey of new moms reveal while rates have decreased and the rates are relatively low, black mothers are more likely to smoke before or during pregnancy. and while the rate of cigarette use amongst san francisco high school students as well as is 4%, there's a risk of nicotine addiction as 27% have used electronic smoking devices. overall the rate of binge drinking among high school students is 8%, however, the rates vary and 25% of white students binge drink. marijuana

no african-american soldiers depicted in that movie, sadly. so it's my hope that we can can can raise more awareness about the 320th balloon battalion. these men that fought so bravely during world war ii. and they, too, will not just be immortalized in the textbooks, but that their story will be brought to hollywood. i'm certain that there is a rob reiner or steven spielberg or spike lee, someone out there that will help tell the story of these women that fought during world war ii and that helped the resistance, but these african-american soldiers, again, whose stories have not been told. it is absolutely amazing to me that there are many african-americans in this country, even if you ask them they think that there were no black soldiers that fought during d-day. it's something that has a story that's been allowed to be falsely perpetuated forer far too long. and it's time we raise awareness about the 320th and the sacrifices that they made for this country that were great. mr. speaker, i yield back the balance of my time. the speaker pro te

you have two african-american candidates. big challenge for him. >> bernie sanders defeated -- was defeated by hillary clinton because of south carolina and the african-american vote. that was the critical moment in the primaries. >> yeah. buttigieg is clearly well aware of history here and he's aware of his own shortcomings in appealing to african-american voters. he's doing the right thing by going to south carolina early. confronting it and doing interviews like he did with craig melvin where he talks about it in quite frank and stark terms. it's still disappointing for him. he held an event in north charleston the other night and it was well attended by white people. there were like less than two dozen african-americans that attended and it was held there for the reason he was attempting to reach out to african-americans. >> how is the change in the primary schedule moving up? how will that affect which of these diverse candidates can rise to the top? >> it's going to do two things. number one it's going to make money eve

is 47% african-american and there are small numbers of african-americans continuing to move into thell lie in increasing the numbers of people who have decided to make the district their home. ms. clark-lewis: a lot of the reclaiming of history, you have to look at people like dr. paul phillips cook, who was a leader .n the college there is a long legacy of teachers through the 1960's. didas required that they one important thing of history on the emancipation. that began to change when you had teachers coming in from other areas who did not have the same set but this issue of gentrification and movement is not new. end,u look at the west other communities, there is this constant shift and pendulum. finite and people come 1800, 1900, there is the straw that is continuous and we can talk about the district of columbia and the impact and land ownership but it is not necessarily just an issue that will be resolved quickly. it has been an ongoing issue. you have people in the 1930's about displacement on capitol hill. it is an ongoing issue. you talk about the palisade and issues near am

african-american votes to get an african-american in office.an in 1957 in the city of -- the first of 1957an in the city in milwaukee, she becomes the first judge, she becomes the secretary of state. but, it is her winning the alderman's position and becoming a member of the democratic party traveling throughout the united states and the world, talking about human rights. she fought to get fair housing past. at -- shebasis, she submitted a bill that she was not successful. she would not get the bill passed. father james is another gallant fighter for human rights in milwaukee. sees housing as an obstacle to returning veterans. >> it is up to the government of this city and state to see to it that we exercise our right of freedom of speech. we will execute -- we will exercise that despite the danger. marches fromppi judges houses and other places, asking the city to pass a fair housing legislation bill. eventuallys groppi at the washington, d.c. invitation of lyndon johnson. this bill was prepared by a senator from minnesota. gives itmes groppi

is it still 47% african-american, and according to a greater washington, there are small numbers of africanmericans continuing to move into the district. so they at least see something worthy and salvageable in coming here, and perhaps for the future of the black community, it may very well lie in increasing those numbers of young people, several of whom i know personally, that have decided to make the district their home. ms. clark-lewis: i think that as order but reclaiming of history, you have to look at people at like dr. paul phillips cook, who is a leader at d.c. teacher's college, eventually becoming the federal city college, which then becomes the university of district of columbia. that begins to change when you have teachers who are coming in from other areas, who don't have the same sensitivity. but this issue of gentrification and movement is not new. if you look at georgetown, if you look at the west end, if you look at other communities, there is this constant pendulum and constant shift. because land is finite, and people come here for employment, whether in the 1800's, 1900'

african-american president actually did. it is about security and nobody is saying it's not going to happen. no one is saying harriet up and will not be on the $20 bill. it will just take a little longer because they want to make sure it is done the right way. it is a 4 step process and one of those steps is to make sure the bills are very secure so until that happens why would we want harriet to been on a $20 bill that could be re-created easily by anybody. i think this is a little bit of overreaction but not shocking from the democrats. >> you know the president has been pointing out the former vice president has issues that some want to discuss with him about race, on busing, reparations, affirmative action, he says he is the most progressive person running but he has this discussion about the 1994 crime bill which many in the minority community felt was devastating and resulted in mass incarceration and was not a fair piece of legislation. the washington post says the president trying to highlight these things, if trump

you can see here the majority that african americans are borrowing roughly 80% of african-americans are actually borrowing for student loans and the number has actually increased, it's almost 90% now and the average borrower, 60% of americans actually borrow, two out of three. again, the number actually might be slightly higher now. so how much population are borrowing? african americans are borrowing close to, again, close to $30,000 as you can see from the study from 2011 from the college board of demos. the numbers have gone up since 2011. african americans are more likely to borrow and borrow m e more, and borrow what is often described as unmanageable debt. unmanageable debt is basically 8% of one's pretax income. as you see here, african-americans and latinos have to borrow what's called unmanageable debt. so why does this sort of matter. really gets back to the first sort of sphere i talked about home ownership. it delays home ownership of populations. there's a study by the federal reserve in san francisco which talks about how this whole younger generation has delayed home owne

they have no sympathy or understanding for african-americans. there is of course one exception, justice john marshall harland, who had been a slaveowner before the civil war. he is the voice of civil rights, because he understands racism, he understands segregation, he understands african-americans are just as entitled to constitutional rights as everybody else, but he is a lone voice, sometimes he gets two or three justices to join him for this entire period. it will only be after the beginning of world war i that we begin to get what will become, by the 1940's and 1950's, the second reconstruction in constitutional law. thank you very much. [applause] >> thank you. i am very pleased to be here and i would like to express my gratitude to the united states capital historical society. it is a wonderful gathering. a wonderful contribution to public education. i am going to focus our attention for a few minutes on the long reach of the civil rights cases. first, civil rights cases. civil rights cases where cases decided in 1883 in which the supreme

african-americans in particular are. -- african-americans in particular are completely absent from this conversation. >> one of the things we need to be thinking about is that what at home among african-americans and in the civil rights movement is that there is a fracturing of the movement in the late 1916 and that fracturing reflects what is happening in vietnam among soldiers. older, mainstream, conservative organizations in the united states like the naacp, urban league, who are in 1966 and 1967 to speak out against vietnam and johnson for that matter. same thing is happening for soldiers in vietnam. soldiers who had been there for many years started a lot of the -- touted a lot of the details beth started us out with, that the army was a place where they could go far and learn a lot of things. but at the same time there was a generation at home and the draftees, young, maybe first time in the military, who are problemssillusioned by assignments,uty treatment of whether they are going to get an article 15, and that is reflected also at home, where you have a young activists, people

artist who gave up her parenting career 0 to become a suffrage, african american activist who refusedto march in a segregated suffrage parade and several more i don't have time to mention. even though each story and a accompanying object stands on its own, when read together they provide a comprehensive history of the entire movement. if i have chosen my 19 objects well, the whole truly will add up to more than the sum of the parts. and if there is a clear take away for these suffrage stories, it's that we need to keep individual lives info cuss while we also track the big picture, even often only 0 the foot soldiers, it's not everybody want to be head of an organization or a president or a general, their rank and file contributions made a difference to the larger movement and to the participants themselves. their hard fought suffrage victory, the culmination of three generations of the same political motivation and efficacy represent add breakthrough for american women as well as a major step forward for american democracy. important is the goal of suffrage was however, the struggle

the surge driven by support from african-american voters. since south carolina unlike iowa and new hampshire has a very diverse electorate, that state is going to be a very critical early test for democrats. joining me now "washington post" opinion writer and msnbc contributor. heidi who is nbc news national political correspondent and steve kornacki at the big board. steve, this isn't just any lead. this is a huge lead in south carolina. so what's going on for joe biden? >> very interesting numbers in this poll. we talk so much about iowa and new hampshire. south carolina, the first test for democrats where african-american voters play a major role. overall, more than a 30-point lead in south carolina for biden over sanders. we can say that bounce we have seen for biden we have seen it in new hampshire, very much a factor in south carolina. we mention that question of african-american voters, of race in south carolina. check this out. when you look at white voters in the democratic primary -- in the most recent primary about a third, 35% of

both white and african-americans.ut african-americans also then had additional challenges in that they weren't welcome in many places due to jim crow laws. and there were also whole towns called sundown towns which african-americans weren't allowed in at times. >> when i was growing up my father, he was working two or three jobs, and i thought he knew most things. so i said to him, dad, why are white people so mad at us? and he said, george, that's just the way it is. and i thought, wow. well, you know, until you do something to me, i'm not upset enough to hurt you or to do bad things. i didn't understand that. he said, that's just the way it is. that was society at that time. that was the way things happened. in the south. and he said, you have to learn o do what is required. so i never -- and i still ask that question. i still don't know why people are so upset that they could see you walk by and want to hurt or kill you. >> african-americans often had difficult times in their travels and it wasn't just in the south

he becos the first african-american to hold that position.ld that position and the first to be promoted from within the museum system in 75 years. bunch is the founding director of the national museum of african-american histor and culture>>> severe storms claimi another life. one man was killed in ohio when multiple tornadoes tore trough overnight. seven people haveied in the last two weeks during a recordb eaking streak of severe weather. the national weather service has confirmed at least 500 torpedos in the last month. >>> all the rain and flooding we've been seeing could be impacting your dinner. >> darcy spencer explains why crabs are in short supply. >> reporter: at the k.c. crab eompany in laurel, they're steaming up som crabs from texas. about how many crabs are in this cooker? >> when it's afull,und five bushels. >> reporter: for now they're in low supply. in fact, like many other restaurants, they ran out on memorial day afternoon. >> we even had people sleep here just to wait for the crabs for us to go through just to make sure we

it was an african-american guy coming from nowhere to be something important. didn't know what quite what it was, but then it was the federal reserve. my father had been talking about interest rates and how they go up and down, and i found this government entity that sets interest rates. at a young age, 14 or 15 years old, this notion of being associated and understanding the fed became one of the motivating forces in my life. david: for many people, they would not think that is a straight line. that is not a normal career path. i'm not saying you necessarily said, i want to be a federal reserve governor, but did you have that direction in mind? roger: i always thought it would be interesting to be a federal reserve governor, but since i wasn't going to be an academic economist, it wasn't an obvious path. two things happened in my life. one, i kept the fed policy in the background as something to read. then, i became interested in the law and regulations surrounding financial services firms. what took me, got me into being a credible candidate was an understand

in particular, african-americans will not be able to vote for you. come on the other hand, was refundable for criminal justice reform which has tremendous support and help fix the bad 1994 bill for this weekend, the president also appeared to have sided with north korean dictator kim jong un's assessment of joe biden. watch. >> kim jong un made in the saint dominic statement that joe biden is a low iq individual. i think i agree with him with that. >> biden call the commons to be against a fellow american and former vice president speaks for itsel. today, the president says he was actually sticking up for biden by not agreeing to the worst thing that kim jong un called him. >> shannon: trace gallagher, we'll see you tomorrow night on the left coast. with the president and the former vice president trading barbs over rays coming here is fox news politics editor chris stirewalt take. he says trump stokes racial resentment to stop biden's rise. so you know, one of the latest things that have cropped up is the president's critics reporting this decision

the only african-american president, barack obama. actually helps him and works in his favor. >> i'm curious, he has said that once african-americans get to know him, as they did in south bend, indiana, where of course, he's mayor, that they end up supporting him. so is the key in your view as you were saying really whether they know him as opposed to what they know about him? >> it's both. even if they do like him, remember, there are other candidates in the race, three african-american candidates in the race. and joe biden has the support being associated with barack obama. so there's no guarantee they're going to drift to pete buttigieg even if they learn more about him because there are other options. remember what happened in 2008 and 2016. in 2008, hillary clinton was leading in the black vote, all the way up until iowa, when barack obama won the iowa caucus. suddenly, the black vote shifted to barack obama. but there's no guarantee that even though biden is winning the black vote now, he'll continue having that after next year.