discover what pegasus is and does researchers at citizen lab a digital rights group at the university of toronto. they investigate abuses of pegasus worldwide one of the biggest selling points of this stuff is that it's wickedly hard to find there's a cat and mouse game. they hide we seek they were able to associate the links that were sent to months or are sticky and are signed triana in many others within a so groups servers. the 1st time that we learn about pegasus about this or get in touch and says listen i think i'm being targeted i guess. what was special about it was different well this one caught our attention in part because it was about his mobile phone hacking and i phone is a much larger technical lift and we realized that we were looking at a chain of i phone 0 days so these are vulnerabilities that even apple didn't know about at the time they can be used to remotely in fact and penetrate that device and implant a piece of malware on it and really scott railton and his colleague bill maher check have investigated abuses of pegasus since 2016. they've identified pegasus infections

pop explained by korean in toronto canada michelle cho an assistant professor of east asian popular cultures at the university of toronto she is the author of how you $2.00 the korean wave in the age of social media and in new york board kim she is the creator of the band known as x p edition welcome all of you to the stream i want to start with a member of our community who pitched the idea for today show all the way from new zealand anthony sent us a video comment on why he thinks this is an important topic for a while like. circling and sort of the. music coming out of 3 or 4. things critical. quite so because once. you mentioned to staver group there and if you're not familiar take a look at my screen here twice the members profile this is a band paid to their danny talk to us about k. pop what makes k. pop hip hop what makes it distinctively different from other forms of musical entertainment. well to do to define. those i guess 2 different meanings to keep up the word itself 1st as. which is the music itself what international dancers are cocky and then there's the industry term people we define keep. t

discover what pegasus is and does were researchers at citizen lab a digital rights group at the university of toronto. they investigate abuses of pegasus worldwide one of the biggest selling points of this stuff is that it's wickedly hard to find there's a cat and mouse game. they hide we seek they were able to associate the links that were sent to months or are sticky and are signed triana in many others within a so groups servers. the 1st time that we learn about pegasus about this or get in touch and says listen i think i'm being targeted again. what was special about it was different well this one caught our attention in part because it was about his mobile phone hacking and i phone is a much larger technical lift and we realized that we were looking at a chain of i phone 0 days so these are vulnerabilities that even apple didn't know about at the time they could be used to remotely in fact and penetrate that device and implant a piece of malware on it and they really got railton and his colleague bill maher check have investigated abuses of pegasus since 2016. they've identified pegasus infectio

discover what pegasus is and does were researchers at citizen lab a digital rights group at the university of toronto. they investigate abuses of pegasus worldwide one of the biggest selling points of this stuff is that it's wickedly hard to find there's a cat and mouse game. they hide we seek they were able to associate the links that were sent to months or are sticky and are signed triana in many others within a so groups servers. the 1st time that we learn about pegasus about this or get in touch and says listen i think i'm being targeted i guess. what was special about it was different well this one caught our attention in part because it was about his mobile phone hacking and i phone is a much larger technical lift and we realized that we were looking at a chain of i phone 0 days so these are vulnerabilities that even apple didn't know about at the time they could be used to remotely in fact and penetrate that device and implant a piece of malware on it and. really scott railton and his colleague bill maher check have investigated abuses of pegasus since 2016. they've identified pegasus infectio

discover what pegasus is and does were researchers at citizen lab a digital rights group at the university of toronto. they investigate abuses of pegasus worldwide one of the biggest selling points of this stuff is that it's wickedly hard to find there's a cat and mouse game. they hide we seek they were able to associate the links that were sent to months or are sticky and are signed triana in many others within a so groups servers. the 1st time that we learn about pegasus about this or get in touch and says listen i think i'm being targeted i guess. what was special about it was different well this one caught our attention in part because it was about his mobile phone hacking and i phone is a much larger technical lift and we realized that we were looking at a chain of i phones here a days so these are vulnerabilities that even apple didn't know about at the time they could be used to remotely in fact in penetrate that device and implant a piece of malware on it and a really fine man. scott railton and his colleague bill maher check have investigated abuses of pegasus since 2016. they've identified

discover what pegasus is and does were researchers at citizen lab a digital rights group at the university of toronto. they investigate abuses of pegasus worldwide one of the biggest selling points of this stuff is that it's wickedly hard to find there's a cat and mouse game. they hide we seek they were able to associate the links that were sent to months or are stuck in or signed triana in many others within a so groups servers. the 1st time that we learn about pegasus about this or get in touch and says. ok let's try to use take you straight to sudan's capital now a spokesman for the minute she's holding a press conference just listening to what they have to say. we hope and pray that their families. are the horses. and the rabbits rabbit supports. him lead a very important active part. one. and they have became their allies of the population if you can change and supported this holy revolution. and iran and eventually aims to give power to the civilians. more to my heart with all our wants me our hearts the military council have started a regular saudi different faceted have sought for negotiation

sanchez discussed iran's vowed to restart its nuclear program with mohammad marandi of the university of toronto who helped negotiate the iran nuclear deal. even insiders here in washington with think tanks representing organizations like the carnegie endowment are now saying the troubled ministration is being quote deliberately provocative but we ask the question tonight is iran acting in a manner deserving of u.s. and israeli condemnation or are both countries simply trying to provoke busy the iranians into a war much like our invasion of iraq some are criticizing the 1st question why is president rouhani threatening to restart the iranian your rating and richmond program. well i think it's pretty obvious the iranians negotiated the nuclear deal after many years of negotiations and the iranians made. significant concessions they were flexible in order to show the international community that its nuclear program never was anything but peaceful and that iran contrary to what we honestly heard in the western media was not looking to create tension i'm going to back you up on this actually 14 repo

genealogical testing case that is head of the department of forensic molecular biology at the university of toronto. in many on this case why chromosome d.n.a. tests were carried out in september 2012 in an effort to find any male relations to the killer. that money in this kind of d.n.a. profile analysis all you need is a sample from one male relative however far removed and that will give you the trail to track down your are known perpetrator. of. men living within a 5 kilometer radius of the meadow where mariana was found asked for a d.n.a. sample around $8000.00 submitted their d.n.a. voluntarily but then something unexpected happened. i got a phone call was the 14th of november by the end of i they told me we have a match and that is something that you cannot describe. the killer was a local farmer who had voluntarily submitted his d.n.a. he had hoped the test wouldn't work. if he did not would have given his d.n.a. we would have found him anyway he was caught he was trapped. by the dish investigation. critics we won that d.n.a. tests are not always 100 percent reliable our physical appearance

discover what pegasus is and does were researchers at citizen lab a digital rights group at the university of toronto. they investigate abuses of pegasus worldwide one of the biggest selling points of this stuff is that it's wickedly hard to find there's a cat and mouse game. they hide we seek they were able to associate the links that were sent to months or are sticky and are signed triana in many others within a so groups servers. the 1st time that we learn about pegasus about this or get in touch and says listen i think i'm being targeted again. what was special about it was different well this one caught our attention in part because it was about his mobile phone hacking and i phone is a much larger technical lift and we realized that we were looking at a chain of i phone 0 days.

discover what pegasus is and does were researchers at citizen lab a digital rights group at the university of toronto. they investigate abuses of pegasus worldwide one of the biggest selling points of this stuff is that its way can be hard to find there's a cat and mouse game. they hide we seek they were able to associate the links that were sent to months or are stacking or signed triano in many others within a so groups servers. the 1st time that we learn about pegasus about this or get in touch and says. ok let's try to take you straight to sudan's capital now a spokesman for the minute she's holding a press conference that's listening to what they have to say we hope and pray that their families. and. loved it supports. very important. one. of the key the allies of the believe. you can change.

that i was going to spin or thank you for now let's get the view from the university of toronto delighted to say we can talk to professor of political communication said establishment forward is that the high surf where this a lot of people around the world will be asking if iran has done the right thing here maybe you know you're trying to force negotiations here maybe it was the wrong thing to do maybe should've waited a bit more what's the view from where you are. i think you don't have more than choice. one years. early on. europe could do something positive but you have seen in the last year that is that the us has gotten out and europe has gotten out of the agreement to have just announced it but in practice in reality europe is not in the extreme and so i don't have no other choice. was part of the agreement because because you don't need that some benefits needed to get the sanctions lifted having the sanctions lifted and having nice sanctions and having them occasions on the peaceful nuclear program was not an option he could have but one of his foreign already i mean they have n

and fran we have mohammad marandi he's a professor at the university of toronto and in philadelphia we cross today lindorff he is an independent journalist with a long experience covering u.s. military as well as founder of the news site this can't be happening.

and fran we have mohammad marandi he's a professor at the university of toronto and in philadelphia we cross today lindorff he is an independent journalist with a long experience covering u.s. military as well as founder of the news site this can't be happening dot net our rules in effect that means you can. jump in anytime you want i always appreciate mohamed let me go to you 1st internet on and i'm typing this program nonspecific around there's been a lot of nonspecific stuff being bandied about a lot of threats maybe a lot of bluffs and a lot of people are nervous a lot of bluster out there so what is the nonspecific threat coming from the country in which you reside for i'm in it against the united states what could you define it because nobody in power can define what would specifically is going on except for there is a lot of hype go ahead mom and i think it's the same question that people are asking here as well the united states we hear that. there was something a rocket fired at the u.s. embassy and turns out it was like 3 kilometers away and then within hours iran is accused

candidate at the university of toronto welcome to the stream everyone i want to start with our community they have so many things to say about this topic and the 1st one comes to be a twitter this is subject. he says to prevent further escalation somebody should take away trump cell phone or filter his tweets before they're posted so hillary talked to us about how real this risk of conflict is are we one poorly worded tweet away from war well in fact what's interesting here is how how in the sense positive and if you can use that word in this context the tweets have been in contrast to particularly national security adviser john bolton's statements his official statements from the white house press podium have been the scariest most terrifying statements that we've had in a very long time since back in the bush administration when president bush labeled iran part of the axis of evil what's useful here is the president when he's unscripted actually search shows seems to show the possibility of a strategic instinct to deal with iran the islamic republic of iran as it is that's an important

discover what pegasus is and does were researchers at citizen lab a digital rights group at the university of toronto. they investigate abuses of pegasus worldwide one of the biggest selling points of this stuff is that it's wickedly hard to find there's a cat and mouse game. they hide we seek they were able to associate the links that were sent to months or are sticky. undersigned triana many others within a so groups servers. the 1st time that we learn about pegasus about this or get in touch and says listen i think i'm being targeted again. what was special about it was different well this one caught our attention in part because it was about his mobile phone hacking and i phone is a much larger technical lift and we realized that we were looking at a chain of i phone the siri days so these are vulnerabilities that even apple didn't know about at the time they could be used to remotely in fact and penetrate that device and implant a piece of malware on it and people really find scott railton and his colleague bill maher check have investigated abuses of pegasus since 2016. they've identified pegas

this problem has actually raised a number of months ago with the university of toronto. this is been exploited but it looks like they pushed out an updated fairly quickly. when they pushed out the sub date, they did not say was a security fix. they said we had improved our support for stickers, which frankly, i have to, to install the update, they should have said there was a security fix in there as well. it is good that a billion plus people have been protected now with there whatsapp installations, but like any other piece of sophisticated software, it likely has bugs and we know that these encrypted messaging services are of these encrypted messaging services a re of interest these encrypted messaging services are of interest to intelligence agencies. they want to be able to snoop upon people and find out how to crack and steal information from people's phone. the end to end encryption was a big problem and how they got into that chain of encryption at the beginning and encryption at the beginning and encryption at the end. just how prevalent is the issue of back doo

candidate at the university of toronto welcome to the stream everyone i want to start with our community they have so many things to say about this topic and the 1st one comes to be a twitter this is sudra who says to prevent further escalation somebody should take away trump cell phone or filter his tweets before they're posted so hillary talked to us about how real this risk of conflict is are we one poorly worded tweet away from war well in fact what's interesting here is how how. in the sense positive and if you can use that word in this context which we have been in contrast to particularly national security adviser john bolton's statements his official statements from the white house press podium have been the scariest most terrifying statements that we've had in a very long time since back in the bush administration when president bush labeled iran part of the axis of evil what's useful here is the president when he's unscripted actually search shows seems to show the possibility of a strategic instinct to deal with iran the islamic republic of iran as it is that's an important st

scott railton he's a senior research with among school of global affairs and public policy at university of toronto and he joins us live via skype from there what's up says it has one of the hov 1000000000 users around the world so just how serious is this security breach and how worried should we be. i think at this point the message is one sam spotted something and reacted fairly aggressively to close that vulnerability down the message should be users should immediately update their whatsapp application if they haven't already that said there's another message which is there's an industry that's finding these vulnerabilities and then selling them to be used to target people yeah that's an important point to make because i mean i was going to ask you how much does highlight that no matter how much these app developers say their apps are totally secure but the hackers were always exploit vulnerabilities in their software and so one way to think about this problem is since we know that there will be people looking for vulnerabilities it's important that we really shine a light on the companies in t

candidate at the university of toronto welcome to the stream everyone i want to start with our community they have so many things to say about this topic and the 1st one comes to be a twitter this is sudra q. says to prevent further escalation somebody should take away trump's cell phone or filter his tweets before they're posted so hillary talked to us about how real this risk of conflict is are really one poorly worded tweet away from war well in fact what's interesting here is how how. in the sense positive and if you can use that word in this context which we have been in contrast to particularly national security adviser john bolton's statements his official statements from the white house press podium have been the scariest most terrifying statements that we've had in a very long time since back in the bush administration when president bush labeled iran part of the axis of evil what's useful here is the president when he's unscripted actually search shows seems to show the possibility of a strategic instinct to deal with iran the islamic republic of iran as it is that's an importa

candidate at the university of toronto welcome to the stream everyone i want to start with our community they have so many things to say about this topic and the 1st one comes to be a twitter this is sudra q. says to prevent further escalation somebody should take away trump cell phone or filter his tweets before they're posted so hillary talked to us about how real this risk of conflict is are we one poorly worded tweet away from war well in fact what's interesting here is how how. in the sense positive and you can use that word in this context which we have been in contrast to particularly national security adviser john bolton's statements his official statements from the white house press podium have been the scariest most terrifying statements that we've had in a very long time since back in the bush administration when president bush labeled iran part of the axis of evil what's useful here is the president when he's unscripted actually search shows seems to show the possibility of a strategic instinct to deal with iran the islamic republic of iran as it is that's an important strate

countryside making 5 cents a day at 35 years ago i came to canada and first-place toronto, the university of torontogreat university and the first day i went into class somebody said can i touch you. why not? heated. i touched someone from greater china, so scary. i will tell you the reason why i have three proposals to make. first, china is a great beneficiary of international order. since china opened up the u.s. about this wonderful including the united nations, world bank, imf, you name it, china and braced them all. 800 million people have been lifted out of poverty, less than 10% of the population and that corresponds to 70% of the global poverty reduction so very summers, the former president of harvard came to the think tank instead the transformationn in china probably will go down in history larger than the industrial revolution. the chinese gdp has gone up ten times because they embraced it in the international order un ad also over 100 countries benefited from the economic activity. china also contradicted the gdp growth of the world so it's become the engine of the world economy. every

independent and neutral, transnational, we are currently working with a swiss university and the university of toronto and in zurich, trying to build a neutral, transnational attribution capability not aligned with any particular nationstate. >> a lot of the third-party vendors in this space, for profit, outside of government, make attributions, when it is a nationstate, they tend to call it by codename but not say the name of the state. going back to the first case i mandian group have done great work doing attribution, they called it att1. the numbers have grown. will your group name china behind att1 or doesn't use a codename to generally describe the type of behavior? it is true. terminologyture or could benefit from standardization. bear the same as cozy mayor? they have a tendency to be cute with their naming. sort of like congressmen and acronyms on legislation. they are vying with each other with the cutest name or label. our group, is just forming, we are not doing anything. that makes me really have a lot of credibility here. but when we come down to it, the point would be for us to be able

i studied at the university of toronto. it's a great university.nd you know, the first day i went in class somebody say, come me, can i touch you? i said, oh, why not? i touched someone from red china, so scary. i have a proposal to make. the china is a great beneficiary first, of the liberal international order. since china, you know, opened up, actually the u.s. setup is wonderful liberal orders, including united nations, world bank, imf, wto, you name it. china embraced them all. so that things last for decades. can you believe it? china has lifted 800 million people out of poverty. actually, that's more than 10 percent of the global population. and also correspondent to 70% of the global poverty reduction. so larry summers, the former president of harvard came to a think tank about two months ago, and he said the transformation of china probably will go down in history as larger than the industrial revolution. so i think that since china joined the wto, china's gdp has jumped up ten times because china embraced the liberal international order.

you have research coming out from the university of toronto that shows even for health care systems, facial analysis technology, you are starting to when you are at age or someone has dementia versus someone who does not. research can continue to explore, but until we show it actually makes a promise, you should not be used. >> in her testimony, he facialed the lack of recognition technology. have you believe this should be conducted? we have tog knowledge is we are looking at technologies, one metric, accuracy is not enough. howonly do we want to know accurate this system might be, but we want to know how it failed. national, we have the institute for standards and technology. they are voluntary test, so that that is one agency figuring out the necessary metrics that could come in place. what we are seeing is a way the system is tested is very limited. canntioned earlier on, we actually have a full sense of .rogress way in to change the which we invite way facial technology so we truly understand who it works for and collect sales on. >> i'm not sure how much time i have. should the

pop explained by korean in toronto canada michelle cho an assistant professor of east asian popular cultures at the universityof toronto she is the author of how you 2.0 the korean wave in the age of social media and in new york born kim she is the creator of the band known as x p edition welcome all of you to the story and i want to start with a member of our community who pitched the idea for today show all the way from new zealand anthony sent us a video comment on why he thinks this is an important topic for like. circling the. music coming out of south korea or. the. critical. pretty quiet so because of one. dimension to staver group there and if you're not familiar take a look at my screen here twice remember its profile this is a fan paid to their danny talk to us about k. pop what makes k. pop hip hop what makes it distinctively different from other forms of musical entertainment. well to do that to define. those i guess 2 different meanings to keep up the word assault 1st is the op which is the music itself what international dancers are cocky and then there's the industry term keep we define keep. t

university of georgia in the fall. blink and you miss it. >>> game seven of the nba playoff series between the toronto raptors and philadelphia 76ers endingc fashion. >> it's off the rim, defended by simmons, is this the taker. needed a little help, didn't it. kawhi leonard's remarkable bouncing buzzer beater giving toronto a 92-90 win and sending his team to the eastern conference finals. leonard was awesome. 15 of his game high 41 in the final quarter. the raptors move on to play the milwaukee bucs in the conference finals. portland trailblazers will face golden state in the west starting ton tuesday. >>> the u.s. trade war with china about to ramp up again. how will beijing retaliate and how will it affect you, that's next. i had no idea why my mouth was constantly dry. it gave me bad breath. it was so embarrassing. now i take new biotene dry mouth lozenges whenever i'm on the go, which is all the time. new biotene dry mouth lozenges. freshen breath anytime, anywhere. ♪ i was just finishing a ride. i felt this awful pain in my chest. i had a pe blood clot in my lung. i was scared. i had a dvt blood clot. having one really puts you in d

fellow at the institute for strategic dialogue in toronto canada maillard is the human rights activist and lecturer in conflict studies at the university of exeter in the u.k. and in colombo sri lanka fernandez is a correspondent with al jazeera english and has been covering this story extensively welcome to the stream all of you it's good to have you here though not good circumstances i want to start with you talk to us about the mood across the country from the reports that you're hearing. a couple of weeks on things basically that outbreak of violence targeted at the community following the easter sunday bombing things somewhat subdued obviously that evening show flashpoint where we sow the violence tending to spread that you know 2 other sort of pins it is which had muslim populations living side by side with other communities but having brought that kind of under control after the initial couple of days when things just out of control and phenomenally now a couple of weeks on things if we could explain it as a sort of and i mean easy come it's not to say that everything back to normal is not obviously the tensions that kind of spille

of 7 series continues on sunday in toronto. here watching the news here's a recap of the top stories we're following for you joe when john sanyo mcelhone given the commencement speech at harvard university she issued an opinion from multilateralism to tackle challenges on the was and graduates not to take for granted. and police and hungry have detained the captain of a cruise ship that fatally rammed a 2 a boat on the 70 block and from dead pretty fantastic missing crews are gearing up to race the votes from the bottom of the river flowing to the hospital but uppish. that said to me that she was on the news chain smoke coming up at the top of the hour. eco africa. these people used to make money by hunting elephants. now only earn their living collecting elephant dung. here in queen elizabeth national park in uganda. their work plays an important role in protecting this endangered species. next g.w. . i'm not going to the gym i just sometimes i am but i stand up and win for that reason german thinks deep into the german culture of looking at the stereotypes of the classics but if you think the future of the country that i now know the time. needed to take this drama down to me it's all

toronto canada. is the human rights activist and lecturer in conflict studies at the university of exeter in the u.k. and in colombo sri lanka. is a correspondent with al jazeera english and has been covering this story extensively welcome to the stream all of you it's good to have you here though not good circumstances i want to start with you talk to us about the mood across the country from the reports that you're hearing. well it's a couple of weeks on things basically that outbreak of violence targeted at the community following the easter sunday bombing things somewhat subdued obviously that in the show flashpoint where we still the violence tending to spread that you know 2 of the a sort of trends it is which had. populations living side by side with other communities but having brought that kind of under control after the initial couple of days when things just out of control and phenomenally now a couple of weeks on things if we could explain it as a sort of and i'm easy come it's not to say that everything back to normal obviously the tensions that kind of spilled over. simmering. that on t

toronto canada. it is a human rights activist and lecturer in conflict studies at the university of exeter in the u.k. and in colombo sri lanka fernandez is a correspondent with al jazeera english and has been covering this story extensively welcome to the stream all of you it's good to have you here though not good circumstances i want to start with you talk to us about the mood across the country from the reports that you're hearing. well it's a couple of weeks on things basically that outbreak of violence targeted at the community following the easter sunday bombing things somewhat subdued obviously that evening show flashpoint where we sow the violence tending to spread that you know to other sort of trends it is which had. populations living side by side with other communities but having brought that kind of under control after the initial couple of days when things just out of control and phenomenally now a couple of weeks on things if we could explain it as a sort of and i'm easy come it's not to say that everything back to normal is not obviously the tensions that kind of spilled over. simmer

so the investable universe is expanding and the number of investors is expanding and that's just our new york conference we hold conferences in london, toronto, vancouver, everywhere, trying to populate the world and educate them on the cannabis investing space. >> let's talk about deals in this space and obviously the acreage, canopy one. you're involved on the acreage side, correct? of course, it's a commitment to buy age raj and one of a couple of triggers happen and either federal legalization or the treatment of cannabis companies on stock exchanges >> do you think this deal has to go through and there has been some resistance and the 2.7% stake in acreage >> i think it's a relatively small holding in term was resistance and certainly all of the shareholders i speak to, i've been very, very supportive of the transaction and they understand the scales are important to this business and you can say whatever you want about the transaction and canopy is a large company that's been spending billionsof dollars on technology and on systems and on delivery mechanisms and most important part of this deal is not so much the exchange ratio, the fi

toronto canada. it is the human rights activist and lecturer in conflict studies at the university of exeter in the u.k. and in colombo sri lanka fernandez is a correspondent with al jazeera english and has been covering this story extensively welcome to the stream all of you it's good to have you here though not good circumstances i want to start with you talk to us about the mood across the country from the reports that you're hearing. well it's a couple of weeks on basically that outbreak of violence targeted at the community following the easter sunday bombing things somewhat subdued obviously that even shows flashpoint where we still the violence tending to spread that you know 2 other sort of trends it is which had muslim populations living side by side with other communities but having brought that kind of under control after the initial couple of days when things just out of control and phenomenally now a couple of weeks on things if we could explain it as a sort of and i'm easy come it's not to say that everything back to normal not obviously the tensions that kind of spilled over still. simme

university and some canadian university, like toronto, and trying to build a neutral, transnational attribution can't that's not involved with any particular nation state. >> a couple of followups. one is, so a lot of the third-party vendors in the space, so people that are for profit, outside of government, make attributions. when it's a nation state, they tend to call it by a code name, but not say the name of the state. so going back to the first case done ght, a group had great work doing attribution, but they called it apt-1, advanced persistent threat one. that continued. the numbers have grown. will your group name china behind the atp-1, or does it use a code name to generally describe the type of behavior you see? >> well, i don't think they were very bashful about pointing the finger at china, but it's true, we have these -- let's say the nomanclature or terminology used could benefit from standardization. so is fancy bear the same as cozy bear, you know? the private actors have kind of an incentive to be cute with their naming, sort of like congressman and the acronyms on legislation now. we're vying with each other for the cutest name, cutest label. so our

toronto. the hoover institute conference is underway in california. michael mckee is standing by with a rather special guest. -- mike:very much thank you very much. we are here with kenneth rogoff, of harvard universityo has studied monetary policy for some time. we will talk about some interesting ideas he has come including negative interest rate. let's set a predicate. what is wrong with the way that we do policy now? kenneth: looking at the instruments, not so much the communications, which is another animal, but with interest rates drifting down near zero in europe and japan, they are moved up in the u.s. as we are doing much better, but still very low. if something were to happen, the scope for cutting interest rates is limited. then they go to these alternative monetary instruments. i think the academic literature, and even the fed papers are weighing in more and more that there are limited effectiveness. some of these monetary instruments like quantitative easing are something the treasury could do better, if donald trump want to have more quantitative easing, he can tell the treasury to issue more short-term debt and less long-term debt. it is the same thing. mike: what you're proposing is t