played this in this american nation. goals we have the in looking at 1619 and the legacies of 1619 is to cause us to increase and think about that and the history of our collective past in a broader way. sayll ask you -- would you -- often the work of william c now, william trotter and wb to is seen asbois counter to the american story. can you tell us how their work is thoroughly a part of the american story? david: there are so many examples one could cite. when we look at the figure of dubois, it offers optimism as well as reflation. here is one of america's greatest intellectuals. people in massachusetts, harvard, studies in germany, the -- breading in writing in the crisis. what is often forgot about dubois is late in life, he left the united states and moved to guana and became a communist. when you think about the dubois talk about and then think about it later in life, that is the moment for sobering reflection. this story a recognition and resilience has not been one of linear progress. just progress and setback

commemoration 2019, american evolution, spotlights the genesis of american democracy, american slavely. american survival and american genius. we are resolved to tell the story. today we are gathered on a momentous occasion for the virginia general assembly which had been serving the people of virginia on this very day beginning in 1619. we are delighted by the presence of each of you here and those watching. and we are truly honored to be joined at the joint assembly by so many distinguished guests. and if i could, before i recognize some of those distinguished guests, i ask that we pause and remember a great leader of our commonwealth who passed away this week. president harrison wilson was a true pioneer in higher education, ably led norfolk state university, one of virginia's historically black universities through more than two decades of progress and growth. please join me in a moment of silence in his memory. we are truly honored to be joined at this joint assembly by so many distinguished guests. deputy secretary of the interior, kate mcgregor. ambassador of portugal, counselor

african-americans. african-americans were the enemy. race divided americans in the 1920s. it divided midwesterners in our history from the very beginning down to the present. more than any other line of division in our region. and so african-americans were certainly the enemy. maybe not the largest enemy, because there were so many ways to keep black midwesterners in their place before and after the klan, that there wasn't a whole lot of work for the klan to do with this particular enemy. so these are the enemies. catholics first. immigrants, jews, african-americans, us, the good americans. the 100% americans who are going to redeem america from these enemies. what are the issues? we've got to stop this horde of immigrants coming into our country. we've got to close the door to them. and that happened. in one of the most significant pieces of national legislation ever passed, the national origins quota act of 1924, which created a quota system that allowed folks from northern and western europe to enter in large numbers, larger numbers than those from southern and eastern

we must always be for the american people, whether it is african-american, hispanic american, indian-american going to take care of our citizens first. we are going to take care of our indian-american citizens before we take care of illegal immigrants that want to pour into our country. [cheers and applause] pres. trump: we want to build a nation where every family can live in a safe community with access to great schools, work at a job you love, and have the best chance to reach the american dream. we love the american dream. concluding, i want to say america has always been a nation of pioneers and patriots. risktakers and freethinkers. honedted workers who have a trade, master their field, and teach their children to always give their very, very best. americans indian helped write the story of american greatness. everyone here today has a crucial part to play in building an even grander and greater greater american and indian future. to help achieve that exciting future, we are strengthening our cherished bonds with the nation of india and we are proving the awesome power of democracy and

in fact, american union was odds with american freedom. union -- the trade, great revolutionary set about for themselves in 1775, for many people, especially for peoples and the enslaved. but how exactly? now, we can say again, almost duh?ctively, racism, right? there is a color line. well, i think it's worth how that actually comes to be. to iot leaders are taught -- it was an unthinking decision because they were racists. they were. butty think how they did that attention. it might have been an unthinking decision but even if it was it lots and lots of labor. in my work i've emphasized the of how patriot leader like jefferson, rush and payne, mobilized the american public to fight the long revolutionary war. that, people in america found cause common, was not an organic process that weld up aturally among the so-called embattled farmers, what as emerson referred to them, were armed only with a spirit that heroes dare to die or leave their children free. rather, it was a managed and affair.ated patriot leaders made choices. they picked ce

american of hoover's epic. in part, this is due to the understandable tendency of historians to focus on the wars terrible battles and tangled statecraft, not on the individuals like hoover, who eased the suffering of helpless noncombatants. moreover, in 1939, we have lost of the earlier conflict, for which hoover's role was so admired. if the conventions of historiography have dimmed our consciousness of the humanitarian response to the great war, our conference today provides a fitting opportunity for reappraisal. for the work of the convention any relief in belgium and its successors was more than a minor incident. it was a pioneering effort in global philanthropy, with long-term consequences for the western world. hoover's relief endeavors were among the forerunners of the vast network of transnational, nongovernmental, benevolent organizations with which we are familiar today. groups like save the children, doctors without borders, and world vision. hoover and his associates were not alone in those turbule

we could demand a new american dream is worthy of our children. everything is in our hands, new hampshire. thanks for having meet here today. thank you for your leadership. i ask for your support. go to michaelbennet.com. i will see you in your businesses and community. we can win in new hampshire, we can win in iowa, and we can beat donald trump. thanks for having me here today. >> hello, new hampshire. a long dayne through and you do it for a reason, because for the sake of our nation, for the sake of our nation and the world, and for the sake of america we will pass on the next generation. we gather to make sure donald trump is a one term president. [applause] it is more than just that. it is family rejecting this behavior he is normalizing. tirades, the twitter dividing us by race, by gender, by geography. now expect more out of our preschoolers then we do the president of the united states. [applause] it is also about embracing. embracing decency. embracing a government that can actually work for the people that it represents. the belief that

and welcome to the american family. [ applause ] i can't -- i just don't think any american can failand we're deeply inspired by your example. and the warmth and enthusiasm that we see on your faces and the faces of your loved ones that are gathered here. today you've come to the end of at least a chapter on your journey. you've come from 26 countries across five continents, i'm also told you come from about every walk of life, looking forward to shaking each one of your hands. and today we have with us a small business owner, human resources executive, a hairstylist, a student, a computer scientist, a bank teller, just to name a few. and you all have one thing in common, you aspire to be americans. you stepped forward, you followed the law, you went through the process and today you are american citizens. well done. [ applause ] and now that the process is complete, you joined the ranks of the freest and most prosperous nation in the history of the world. you have our congratulations. and also you have the congratulations of a man who is himself as my family is, the product of immig

he is married to an american. his wife is an american and maybe even a spy. for female spies, his wife is someone to maybe look at. he has been in america since the french and indian war. he somewhat sympathizes with the americans. he believes in liberty, but not what the american sense of liberty is. in the fall of 1774 in spring of 1775, gage keeps asking for reinforcements. he keeps sending letters to england, the situation is pretty bad, you should send more reinforcements. instead of sending gage reinforcements, the british sent three more generals. a guy by the name of william howell. we'll talk about him later. he will feature prominently in your book, washington's crossing. a guy by the name of henry clinton and a guy named john burgoyne. all of these guys we will talk about later in this course. what you think the significance is that he asked for reinforcement and britain sends three generals? what are the ramifications of that? any ideas? yeah. a lot of conflicting views. anyone else. yeah, emily. okay, you might not think manpower is necessary. th

the 2019 chicago council survey conducted june 7 to the 20 among more than 2000 americans reveals americans are rejecting retreat. in fact, much of what has underpin u.s. on policy for decades remains widely popular. again this year seven in ten americans it's best the united states takes an active part in world affairs. majorities believe i like this, military strength, promoting democracy and human rights, and participating in international organizations takes the u.s. safer, not weaker. 78% say washington should maintain or increase its commitment to nato and majorities who support using just troops to defend nato allies in south korea. more americans than ever endorsed the benefits of international trade both the u.s. economy and u.s. companies. at the same time partisan divisions are growing with the threat posed by immigration, climate change and the rise of china. americans may be searching for a new way to make sense of the world, but these results clearly show they reject retreat. to find that what else the public is thinking, export the full report at the chicago council.org/surve

you aspire to be americans.ed the law, you went through the process and today you are american citizens. well done. now that the process is complete, you've joined the ranks of the freest and prosperous nation in the world. you have our congratulations. you also have the congratulations of a man who is himself, as my family is, the product of immigration. the man i serve with every day, and i have a lot in common. some people think we're different, but the truth of the matter is, our family stories are very similar. our fathers both built small businesses as first generation american families but our grandfathers both emigrated to this country just like you did. and so on my behalf, on my family's behalf and on behalf of the 45th president of the united states of america, president donald trump, i offer you our congratulations. well done. now, as americans, you'll have all the rights and privileges of citizenship. you'll participate in many debates in american life, including debates over immigration in this cou

african-americans. he's ultimately going to move back, he's going to allow free african-americans and then ultimately enslaved african-americans. and the request he is, well, why the change? now, two schools of thought, one is the pragmatic. the british under lord dunmore who is the royal governor of virginia is going to issue a proclamation providing freedom for any slave who fights against the colonists. washington is shocked as are all other slave holders and washington is ultimately responding to the same offer. so is this about men? is this just about combating this? the other possibility is maybe he has a change of heart when he starts getting reports like these. so talked about salem poor, a veteran of the campaigns in and around boston, a character of so brave a man who behaved like an experienced officer as well as an excellent soldier. so no the just any soldier, but is an experienced officer. so elevating an african-american soldier. general john thomas would say they are equally serviceable

so it's uniquely american and unique in american history itself. now, some in congress want to surrender to this problem. the argument is that there is nothing that we can do except better enforcement of existing law. i don't think most americans believe that nor should they because there is certainly more we can do. so to have that position, what i would say is a surrender to the problem, you would have to argue that the most powerful nation in the world, the most powerful nation in the history of the world, can do absolutely nothing except maybe tighten up a law by way of enforcement, absolutely nothing to confront this problem. no one is arguing that if we passed a background check bill here or an extreme risk protection order bill, that somehow the problem would magically begin to decline. no one is arguing that. but there is certainly something we can do to reduce the likelihood and we would hope reduce that likelihood substantially, reduce the likelihood of more mass shootings. if we pass two bills in the united states senate that became law,

it shows americans will fight. americans will fight like crazy. as the british ultimately sees the hill and enters this american earth where american soldiers fight them with rocks, butts of gunsz, they don't have bayonets. they comment they stand up like this. normal soldiers will run. these angry americans don't do that. another legacy of bunker hill is tremendously heavy officer casualties. very hard to put precise numbers on anything, any war, especially the american revolution. it's estimated somewhere in the neighborhood of 12, 13% of all british officers killed in american revolutionary war are killed at bunkers hill. americans are targeting officers. they are shooting these guys down like crazy. okay. what's interesting is william howe's response. he says -- not william howe, but thomas gage's response, he said americans are spirited up by rage and enthusiasm. ranl, anger, rage and enthusiasm as great as ever people were possessed of. you must proceed in earnest or give the business up. let's look at that quote. the americans are now spiri

to deny the justice promised to all, black-americans believed in the american creed. through centuries of protests, we have helped the country to live up to its founding ideals. she said without the eyed is particular and pike efforts of black-americans our democracy today would most likely look very different. it might not be a democracy at all. madam speaker, i would like to ask unanimous consent to insert the "new york times" magazine 1619 project into the congressional record. the speaker pro tempore: without objection. so ordered. ms. lee: and i have this here and i want to read a couple of things from network, which is ag catholic sisters who are fighting for justice because this lays it out very clearly in terms of the progress gregs of where we have been and where we are today with respect to some of the laws we have passed. the network catholic sisters, slave code. 1613-1860. policy two. 1865 to 18. and seizures, 1865 to 1960 during the 1960's. the national housing act of 1934 this guaranteed loans to white people and refused lowest to black people, that was

black americans are three times as likely as white americans to be killed by police.re more than six times as likely as white men to be incarcerated in our nations prisons,and federal and the incarceration rate of black women is twice that of white women. today, black american families earn just $57.30 to every $100 in income earned by white families. for many health conditions, black americans bear a disproportionate burden of disease. and the resegregation of schools in our country is happening at an alarming rate. why are there such stark differences in the life experiences of black and white americans? the answer is found in how enslavement and the years of racial discrimination that followed have affected each and every institution in our nation. [applause] and yet, our resilience and our patriotism leads us african americans to live up -- we say we all must do it. but it leads us to believe that one day, in the words of the declaration of independence, "all men, and yes, all women, too, will be acknowledged as created equal." now surely we will always remember t

the only american forget american official american leader, the president of the united states -- the only american standing up for the american worker. >> yeah, i have to agree with you i see standing in the breach, because, you just take border issue, itself, he is fighting we fight this incessant battle on people who don't want us to build a fence. they don't want us to enforce our laws. i lou think of that i could never imagine time in life people sitting in of the united states advising constituents not fou.s laws we've got sanctuary cities counties all these things send a message we are lawless country you've got donald trump, as president of the united states, saying "look we are the best country in the world we can be great we can be truly great for -- for as long as we choose to be great" we're not choosing to be great we are choosing to -- >> it is no the the choice of all americans, whether nation to be great, to be restored to greatness, it is the choice of the president, he is -- almost single handedly with force the of bill, moving us toward a brighteder future. in ameri

he is a fellow of the american academy of arts and sciences and the american philosophical society, the country's oldest learned society. he and his wife louise have three children, two of whom are professors and all of whom are involved in education, so i know he will find a receptive audience here. please join me in giving a warm madison foundation welcome to professor gordon wood. [applause] >> well, thank you, jeffry, for that very generous introduction. i am delighted to be here to talk to so many teachers. i always -- my wife was a teacher, english teacher, and i always thought that she did much more to further education than i ever did. you know, professors profess. teachers have to teach. there is a big difference. when abraham lincoln was elected president in 1860 on a platform of promoting his -- preventing the extension of slavery into the west, the southern states felt their way of life was threatened, and they seceded from the union. since many states, including those of new england, had talked of seceding from the union at various times in the antebellum period, explaining

this was shocking to many americans. and adding to the loss of fate that americans had in their government. the 70s are a time of economic trouble. we talked for most of the semester on this post the economic boom. how the economy after world war ii expands and grows. the middle class grows. not everyone gets taken up in his expansion. large numbers of people do. that really comes to an end around 1969, 70. there is a short recession. is another big recession at the end of the 70s from 1979, to 1982. the war defines the economic troubles of the decade. inflation mixed with a growing economy and rising unemployment rate. the inflation here by 1974 hit 11%. it dips down in 1977, 1978. 1979 picks up again. the economic pressures of the vietnam war, coupled with the great society and the pressures on the u.s. economy. once a country experiences inflation, it can be devastating. not just devastating economically, but another example of losing faith in the institutions. this case and losing state and the value of the dollar. v

both for americans generally but also native americans in particular. the frontier was declared officially closed. the reservation system was officially in full swing. it was a time of great change but it was sort of the beginning of what we think of as modern america. and the end of what we think of as native american bought those thing were untrue. >> why do you 1890 to by that dividing line. >> 1890 was the year of arguably the last conflict, armed conflict between native folks and the american government. at the massacre another wind knee in south dakota where between 150 and 300 lakota men, women and children, principally women and children were massacred by the reconstitutioned cavalry, and that moment, that moment came to stand in for so much of american history up to that point. >> host: december 28, 1890, what happened? >> guest: there was -- this is on the tail end of the murder of sitting bull. things were unsettled around the -- on the agency and people were looking for shelter, and there was a band of native people who were going to find sh

she is a native american woman. we thought it was really important because many of the photographs that you see from the women's suffrage movement are primarily of white women marching, and protesting for their vote, but we know women of color were there, and more important to the movement. we wanted to spotlight their stories whenever we could. we know marie baldwin was a participant of the suffrage march in washington, d.c. this is her official personnel file photo. she worked for what is now the bureau of indian affairs. i think it's a lovely photo. i love that she wore her traditional native dress for the picture, as well. i also want to point out that ida bee wells was another woman of color who participated in the 1913 suffrage march, and was a critical activist not only for women's suffrage, but a number of different issues. we have these women's photographs, in gold frames. i call them suffragist spotlights. we wanted to pull in as many different women's stories, and highlights the important role they played

you're watching american history tv. american history tv products are now available at the new c-span online store. to seeease ken starr.org what is new for american history tv tuned in and check out all the c-span products. next on lectures in history, stony brook university professor paul colton teaches a class about abraham lincoln and native americans. he talked about the dakota wars in minnesota which resulted in 38 executions, the removal of the navajo, and >> good afternoon, everyone. thank you. today, the lecture will be on abraham lincoln. many of you don't think of abraham lincoln in contact of american indian or indigenous history. that's what we are going to talk about today.

and for the sake of the american worker, the whole entire work force, american -- i mean, let me say that over again. for the sake of american workers, american car buyers, and the economy, the rule will ot force automakers to spend billions of dollars developing cars that consumers do not want to buy or drive. the new standards will help make new vehicles more affordable and will ensure that the american consumer still has a variety of choices when selecting vehicles that best suit their family's needs. the new standards will save our country billions of dollars, they will strengthen our domestic manufacturing base by adding millions of new car sales and, of course, supporting good-paying american jobs. and most importantly, because newer cars are safer, the standards will save thousands of lives and prevent tens of thousands of serious injuries. so with today's one national program rule, the administration is standing up for all americans, their needs and their right to choose. we will not let political agendas in a single state be forced upon the other 49. and we will always put s

men,400,000 young american including thousands of polish americans, gave their last full measure of devotion for their country and the peoples of nations they did not know. countrymenmember my and their sacrifices. with honor. and gratitude. today, we remember the millions of brave british citizens who served and sacrificed to save europe, defend their sovereignty, their liberty, and their beloved kingdom. frenchdo we recall the resistance, the dutch, the danish, the the belgians, the and so many other underground movements of freedom fighters who entered history as legends of courage. --y demonstrated a selfless a selflessness that will be a member through the ages. none fought with more valor or determination than the pol es. in their decades long struggle against tyranny, poland proved itself a homeland of heroes. [applause] as we remember the war that began here on polish soil eight , we do well to pause causes of son the great a conflagration. against the twisted ideologies of nazi-ism and the internallected struggle between right and wrong. good and evil. they were driven by an ancient

by ordinary american citizens. the courage and bravery of flight 93 was not the only heroism on display that day. firefighters, police officers, and first responders jumped into action without hesitation. when planes crashed they ran in. when fires ignited, they ran in. when buildings collapsed, they ran in. their courage never waivered. we will never forget the life lost and must always remember the heroism that was shown. while we cannot bring our loved ones back, we can honor their memory through acts of service. to main taint spirit of unity and compassion that stemmed from the attacks every year our country proclaims september 11 as patriot day. it is a great way to honor the souls we lost and pay tribute to all who sacrificed their lives. as president bush said when he addressed the nation, quote, terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundations of america. these attacks shattered still but they cannot dent the steel of american resolve, end quotes. t

native americans. the poverty rate for african-americans is almost two times greater than the general u.s. population. this is in fact issues -- these are in fact issues that we all face and should be aware of. snap is a powerful anti-poverty program for all people. in a typical month in 2017, snap helped about 13 million african-americans put sufficient food on the table. its benefits lifted about 2.1 million african-americans, including one million children, above the poverty line in 2015. snap also kept 1.2 million african-americans out of deep poverty, above half of the poverty line that year. approximately $20 billion in snap benefits, about 30% of the total, went to african-american households in fiscal year 2016. on average, african-american households that participate in ap receive $260 in snap each year. just $260. a typical participanting african-american family of three has an average monthly income of $940 or 46% of the postline. with their snap benefit, the average for a family of three is

this weekend on american history tv. theirwomen reflect on contributions and the challenges of working on nasa's apollo program. here is a preview. >> my supervisor would tell me time to go home at 6:00. i recognize that in order to be accepted as a member of the team, in order to be thought of as the equal as these guys, i would have to work the same way they were whether i got paid or not. that. persisted in because of that, i became accepted as a member of the team and that was key that i was not thought of as different although once i was in the control center, there was a whole different experience. there in am sitting apollo 11 sometimes listening to hearhatter if we would three to five channels at once and i kept hearing a particular channel being mentioned. someone saying hey have you seen was on channel whatever? i could hear this. i finally thought i wonder what's on that channel. and i tuned it in and it was me. camera -- there were cameras all over the place. [laughter] nos camera was just i had idea how long

we must always be for the american people whether it's african-american, hispanic-american, indian-american going to take care of our citizens first. we are going to take care of our indian-american citizens before we take care of illegal immigrants that want to pour into our country. [cheers and applause] we want to build a nation where every family immigrant, u.s.-born, can live in a community with access to a great school, work in a job you love and have the best chance to reach the american dream. we love the american dream. and just in concluding, i want to say that america has always been a nation of pioneers and patriots, risk-takers and dedicated workers who have honed a trade, mastered their field and keeps their -- and teach their children to always give their very, very best. every day indian-americans help write e this story of american greatness, and everyone here today has a crucial part to play in building an each grander -- an even grander and greater american and indian future. [applause] to help achieve that exciting vision, we are strengthening our cherished bonds with th

it was the american caste system.s an idea deeply, deeply, deeply entrenched in american culture. a samsung galaxy note 10? a netflix subscription on us. and for a limited time. buy any samsung galaxy note 10 and get one samsung galaxy note 10 for free. >>> one horrific day last march in the city of christchurch, new zealand, a man entered a mosque and started shooting. >> i don't understand why someone would hurt us like this just like an animal. why would you treat us like that? >> 51 people murdered during friday evening prayers. by a white supremacist. >> you may have chosen us, but we utterly reject and condemn you. >> the killer's weapons were inscribed with names, racist messages and nazi symbols. one was a young swedish girl killed in a terror attack in april of 2017. the new zealand terrorist mentioned her many times in his manifesto. to take revenge for ebba, he wrote. the inspiration for his gruesome attack came from another white supremacist. he committed the worst massacre in norway's history in 2011. >>

as many americans hold vigils for the victims mourning has turned to anger. and a demand for action from congressional lawmakers. the issue of gun control has languished in the u.s. congress for decades in part because of powerful pushback from the nation's largest pro-gun lobby the national rifle association but that's changing some lawmakers say there's now a new sense of urgency thank you we will now this week the house judiciary committee will begin meeting to try and restart debate over limiting some types of gun ownership. the democrat controlled committee hopes to ultimately pass legislation in the u.s. house of representatives establishing so-called red flag laws that seize firearms from people deemed mentally unstable the committee also seeks to ban high capacity magazines and gun ownership for anyone convicted of a hate crime. or were shot. but the republican controlled senate needs to approve the house legislation the republican leader mitch mcconnell says they'll be no senate votes on gun measures unless u.s. president donald trump commits to sign

energy and trade deals that put american jobs and american workers first, it all comes roaring back. million new jobs, unemployment at a 50-year low, african-americans and hispanic-americans at the lowest unemployment rate ever recorded. it's an incredible story to tell about how freedom works, freedom works when we put america first and defend the freedom of the american people. the contrast on the other side is remarkable, lou. you and i have known each other a long time. i never thought i'd live to see the day that one of to two major parties in the united states of america would openly advocate an economic system that has impoverished millions for generations and robbed the liberties of people around the world in the last century. i mean, whoever the democrat nominee is their party has been overrun by radical politics, left-wing ideas and socialism masquerading as the green new deal, medicare for all, the whole range of issues that will infringe on the freedom of the american people, set us back on a pathway of economic decline. and i gotta tell you, when we take that case and wh

they all applied for american pieces. i describepp the challenges they face in getting the pieces and some succeed and some don't. people don't, end up being deported in 1942. i'm trying to connect this political story, the chronic story and make it a human story. when i was a journalist, and eastern europe and the soviet union, covering the communism, i was often struck by the fact that the political debates in washington had very little to do we put what is actually happening on the ground. so i tried to connect the political storyne to the human story that was difficult to me. on one of the elements was of course, the assumption we put national security. it would appear that if we let refugees into the country, they could pose a threat to us national security. the germans could be trying to l filtrate the colonists. i nazi agents into the us.ge closely enough another book i wrote about world war ii, it was about nazi agents who landed since here by submarine in 1943 and they landed in one group in florida and another g

between 1882 and 1919, the low number of african-americans lynched -- average number of african americans lynched was 50. the high number was 162. the violence was constant. it was so often unpreventable, even in the case of someone who escaped to boston and could not resist or prevent extradition besides having the support of the racial protective agency. in 1917, the new need-- new negro movement got support from woodrow wilson. is and is not often come up -- if it is referenced to, it is as a friend of african-americans but he was a real supporter or giving a prop to the new negro movement. when he appeared before congress to ask her declaration of war, to go into the great war that killed whole generations of europeans, a war that the united states had stayed out of for so long, he famously declared the world must be made safe for democracy. african-americans responded, "uhuh, yes. starting here at home. " consider this quote from william monroe trotter. " the new spirit among the colored americans resisting attacks upon their lives is something for which president wilson is chiefly r

african american women was up to present an african american men was a 3%. unemployment for under represented minority men was just above 4% and was higher for white and asian men in higher than the average for all scientists and engineers. the unemployment rate for african american women is higher than the employment rate overall. nearly double that a vile scientists and engineers. there are big divides with the respect to this as well. the third and final stages where wealth has accumulated in my coauthor yang and i calculated that the capital could be 0.6% to 4.4% higher and more women in africa can participate at the beginning of the admission process. >> thank you. thank you to all of the witnesses and i yield myself five minutes for the first question. i'm going to try to get through several questions quickly. the first question will go to dr. cook, miss krawcheck and mr. dedrick asante-muhammad. evidence shows than additional path and additional pathway to building wealth is through investments and securities. yet black families are less likely to own

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african-americans and hispanic-americans have the lowest unemployment rate ever record.hen we put freedom first and defend the rights of the american people. you and i have known east other a long time. i never thought it would live to see the day one of the two major parties in the united states of america would openly advocate an economic system that impoverished millions for generations and robbed the liberties of people around the world in the last century. whoever the democrat nominee is, their party has been overrun by radical politics, left wing ideas, and socialism masquerading as the green new deal, medicare for all and a whole range of issues that will infringe on the freedom of the american people and set us back on a pathway of economic decline. when we take that case and when our team running for office for election and reelection takes that team to the american people of, you give the american people a choice between freedom and socialism, they will choose freedom every time. lou: thank you, mr. vice president. thank you for your time. we appreciate the vic

eastern here in american history tv. next on "the presidency," stanford university historian bertrand patenaude talks about herbert hoover and aid to poverty-stricken soviet russia. this program at the hoover presidential library in west branch, iowa, was part of a daylong conference of his humanitarian work. it was mr. hoover's global efforts that propelled him toward a run for the white house. some viewers may find images in this program disturbing. >> welcome to the second half of our event. i am going to mosey in on the beginning of my own presentation so people can head in from the break. [laughter] let me just say it is a great pleasure to be invited here, to be part of this event. and it is a distinct pleasure to be surrounded by so many hoovers. i have never seen so many hoovers in one place. [laughter] it looks like we are complete. thetart this segment in summer of 1921, and in that summer soviet russia is the scene of a catastrophic famine, as george nash mentioned earlier. millions are threatened with starvat

american workers, those american communities and you've made all of america.ow to view an the view and thee done and all those great students have learned so much from your wisdom, thank you so much. this nation owes a profound and enduring debt of gratitude. [applause] that is why we gather to pay tribute to this remarkable legacy and renew our commitment to protecting, promoting and supporting hbcus like never before come and i thin think yoe seen this administration's commitment bigger and better and stronger than any previous administration by far. so, that's very important. my administration is determined to fight for you and the institutions you represent each and every day. we are grateful to be joined by a tireless supporter secretary betty that's here someplace. >> thank you. [applause] i also want to recognize our terrific executive director of the white house initiative jonathan holyfield. and i want to tell you a vendor holyfield is a friend of mine and he can fight. it he may be 50 pounds lighter but you knew it was going to be a tough fight out t

local soviet officials also kept a close eye on the americans. this is in a place that i pointed out to you. it is beyond the volga and the ural mountains. the man in the middle is william kelly. i will get back to him in a moment. but the man on the left is the soviet official, the secret police guy, from moscow. and the guy on the right is a local official. kelly did not have a very good opinion of these two individuals. that smile on his face, i think, says a lot. the supervision, the obstructionism of the soviets exasperated the relief workers, who found most officials not up to the job. these are former something other than government officials who after the revolution inherited or come into very big jobs. the a.r.a. men realize that they just can't do it. they see themselves very much in herbert hoover's image. they are engineers executing the business of relief, and they were also spreading the benign influence of american efficiency. and for me, fascinating, and i write about this in the book, peculiarities of the russian environment seem

instead the world witnessed the true american spirit.ears for people we never met. we gave thanks for the men and women who put their lives at risk in an attempt to rescue and aid total strangers. and today we remember the children, parents, spouses, family and friends whose hearts will forever know the sting of grief. do not, we pray, let our hope be overtaken by anger. do not, we pray, let our hearts remain flooded with despair. be our refuge and our strength and our help in trouble. and help us rest in your promise that even if we forget you, you'll never forget us. and as persons of many faiths, nations and cultures gather, use this ceremony to make all of us a little more like the twin tower survivor who said, i still have the shoes i wore to work that day. the soles are melted, and they are caked in ash. and they are my reminder of god's presence and the life i owe to him. may this be our prayer, amen. >> ladies and gentlemen, the chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, general joseph f. dunford jr. >> mr. president, mrs. trump, dis

today on american history tv, shakespeare'sf influence in american politics. explore our nations passed on american history tv every weekend on c-span3. in his new book "talking to strangers" malcolm gladwell talks about why he thinks people make inaccurate judgments about people they do not know. >> get out of here. >> you said you were going to drag me out of my own car? forhe is imprisoned resisting address, -- resisting arrest and two days later, she hangs her self and herself. a tragic and unexpected result, but that whole exchange we saw, which by the way, goes on and on and on -- we only saw a small snippet of it -- when i first saw that online, that was when i realized what i wanted to write about. if you break that exchange down moment by moment you see multiple failures of understanding, empathy, of a million thinks. at 8 p.m. eastern on c-span's q&a. on august 25, 1944, u.s. and french soldiers liberated paris after more than four years of german occupation. harrymilitary historian laver chronicles the allied operation. the kansas city public librar

kill more americans. but it's also been at a great cost of american blood and treasure. 4,432 americans have died in iraq. 2,353 americans have died in afghanistan. 51 of those my fellow oklahomans in afghanistan. 72 of those my fellow oklahomans in iraq. today i pulled out of my closet a specific tie that i rarely wear, but it was a tie given to me by a goldstar wife who never ever wanted to be a goldstar wife. she just wanted to be the wife of chris horton, who she intensely loved. who went to afghanistan to serve his country in the oklahoma national guard and died for our freedom. and two years later, she handed me this tie and said, he hated wearing ties, but you have to wear them all the time. just remember him. we as americans will not forgot and we have not forgotten. there are flags out all over america today, just to remember. there are moms and dads that really hug their kids tight this morning before they left for school and the kids didn't even know why. they just did. and there are places tha

the american public wants to purchase. >> e.p.a. general counsel. i think that this is an issue we proposed to take action on. we are eager to get the opportunity to have this reviewed in the courts. we are ready to defend our interpretation of the waiver withdrawal along with department of transportation's preemption theory. we are very confident that the courts will review that favorably. >> thanks. steve bradbury, acting deputy secretary of transportation and general counsel. the legal issues that are addressed in today's we like to call it the one national program rule, part one of the safe vehicles rule, the preemption issues and the waiver revocation are separable from the standards that will be addressed in the rest of the safe vehicles rule later this fall. and these are very, very important. this is a very important first step in achieving one national program. these legal issues really are the key to achieving what the auto industry and the entire automobile sector has long asked for, which is certainty and clarity on what

this means real savings to the average american. i just want to give a couple of examples the insulin drug cost four times more in the us and canada the united kingdom and germany and australia. one drug to control asthma cost three times more here than canada and macular degeneration drug is seven times more here than in france. we want to level the playing field so the american people have a shot at having lower prices to make a difference. we promise this as part of the deal that is better deal and energy and commerce needs to begin the process and now we want to introduce that all three of us are working together to work with a speaker with leadership and we can find we are very much on board to make sure this is a united front. >> this is where fact and policy and opinion are wet and this is going on for a long period of time in america we have heard time and again from our constituents that they are treated unfairly high prescription drug cost and that is a fact. we hear this all the time from senior citizens but other consume

the american revolution, indeed, the american evolution, unfolds still. that is our blessing and our burden. xenophobia,acism, driven by a fear of the un known, tend to spike in periods of stress, a period like our own. as we gather here, faith in institutions in ebbing. seem more interested in producing heat than shedding light. our politics rewards the clinched fist and the harsh remark more than the open hand and the welcoming word. us that wey teaches have always grown stronger the more widely we have opened our arms, and the more generously we have interpreted the most important sentence ever originally rendered in english. thomas jefferson's assertion that all men are created equal. careful aboutm hyperbolic claims like the most important sentence in the english language, largely because of the old story about the texas school board candidate who is against teaching spanish in the public schools, and set on the stump one day, if glitch was good enough for jesus christ, it is good for texas. but that is in texas, so we won't worry about that. i also

security, american prosperity, and the american way of life. are the ones doing the defense. hundreds of millions of our fellow citizens are counting on us, and so help us, god, we will never, ever let them down. [applause] pres. trump: together, we are going to fight historic rattles, and we have historic battles ahead of us. going to make our country even greater, and we are going to win overwhelming victories for the american people. the spirit we have in the republican party, i don't believe has ever been this high. over the past 2.5 years, we have already delivered unprecedented progress for citizens of every background and walk of life. now, we must go directly to the american people to share the story of what we have achieved and to explain our bold vision for the future. working with republicans in congress, we slashed 30,000 pages of regulations from the federal register. [applause] pres. trump: and that is an all-time record, and we did that in a lot less years. it is an all-time record no matter how long the presidents have served. w