bright africans to take such a big risk in heading to europe a little earlier i put that question to hakim stein a he's the head of the united nations development program who commissioned a commission to study. well in the report scaling the fences that we have presented today we tell that story through literally their own voices this is the core of this report 2000 interviews with irregular migrants to europe and the story as always it is more complex than many people believe it to be 1st of all we find that amongst those who do leave their countries are not always those who are considered the extremely poor in fact they are those who have some education some possibilities and above all an aspiration to do more with their lives to have hope about other opportunities so yes economic poverty drives migration but it is combined also with the ability to actually move on and to look for opportunities elsewhere and to some extent also related to a sense of ambition exceeding the opportunities in their lifetime for development and personal success in the countries we're talking about these opportuniti