lincoln gettysburg was hers.is often discussed as the first great modern photographic i believe the photo was taken under strict direction of mrs. ames forgetting exact facial measurements. she did not have the right measurements. you know lincoln's face page she wanted exacting measurements of that face. she asked gardner to shoot this very close photograph. i was just reading today about how gardner probably did not even realize how great the photograph he had was until someone had a tight crop of that beautiful photograph. photographed deep down his chest for mrs. ames to get the chest dimensions as well. p street of photographs, sarah fisher ames went on to produce small-scale ands crudely modeled intended for purchase by middle-class collectors. abraham lincoln was intrigued by that. before election time if people had the sculpture in their houses, it might help his campaigning. this is what she produced. they were produced in europe and sold for between five dollars and $10 apiece big i believe harold just

we now call the gettysburg portrait.called because it was taken just 10, 11 days before he left to dedicate the new national cemetery. when i read this, my heart nearly jumped out of my body. another woman, another artist that close to lincoln wanting and working to capture that iconic face, i guess you could say i had been starving for another woman's voice. what i would not have given to have been a fly on the wall in the studio that day. clear, i am not out to diminish alexander gardner's genius in any way, but i feel strongly i must throw a little spotlight on this almost forgotten bit of history. harold, andanks to how this obscure woman artist was responsible for the greatest most iconic photos, not just of lincoln, but history and photography. who was sarah fisher ames? we know that ames was a sculptor born in delaware in 1817. she became part of an elite art and social circle of boston, rome, washington, dc, -- then known as washington city. she married a portrait artist and they left the states to go to rome. mi

gettysburg, this year it will be 2020.al world war i battlefield in epra, belgium. after touring the battlefield, i witnessed the most amazing ceremony, i witnessed the last post at the men in gate. it's full name is the men in gate at the missing. and the graves are unknown. in 1928, a year after the inauguration, at the menin gate memorial, a number of prominent citizen of many ypres said there should be a way to honor the brave who died. they chose monday evening at 8:00. with the fascination by the germans, when the early service was conducted by the military ceremony in surrey, england, this ceremony has been carried on uninterrupted. and when the germans occupied ypres, they never missed a night. when the polish forced liberated it, at the gate, despite the fact of heavy fighting still taking place in the other side of town. 2009, i brought this type of ceremony to the gettysburg military park. and i was graciously turned down. clearly, i know why, because i didn't have enough thought behind it. and i put too much of

he said that's everett's copy of the gettysburg address.gh, everett was still working on the speech. i don't think that noah was there. there's nothing to suggest he was there, although brooks suggests he was there. anyway, lincoln and john hays soon arrive after them. the five photographs of lincoln were taken during this summer sitting. two of the photographs were paid for by mrs. ames. by paid for, i believe she retains copy right to those two images. she also obtained the copy right to both. it was hers and is discussed as being the first great modern photograph. it is true. i believe, as do others, that the photo was taken under strict direction of mrs. ames for getting exact facial measurements. she didn't have the right measurements. you know lincoln's face. she wanting exact measurements of that face. so she asked gardener to shoot this very close photograph. i was just reading today about how gardener didn't realize how great the photograph was that he had until someone actually had a really tight crop of that beautiful photograph.

gettysburg. so, let me go find out what was going on in virginia following the battle of gettysburg. when i went to find secondary literature on it, i drew a blank, because there isn't any secondary literature to speak of on what happens in virginia between gettysburg and the overland campaign. you can find a paragraph here or a page here and there, and it will get mentioned in a biography for a few pages or a regimental history now and again. there really wasn't anything there. since there wasn't anything in the secondary literature, i was forced to go to the official record. i started reading regimental histories, newspapers, archives to find the answer i wanted. what i discovered was, contrary to the way history is treated, the second half of 1863 in virginia, which is to say nothing of important happened. meade and lee maneuvered around each other but it was essentially a stalemate after -- as the armies lick their wounds following gettysburg. nothing happens until grant shows up and you get

down here at gettysburg. i built my retirement home here in gettysburg. so it should be really easy for me to pick my backyard as my favorite place and kind of go right there except he gave me one requirement. i couldn't pick gettysburg. >> did i really say that? carol: yes, you did. you really did. that presents a new challenge. if not my backyard, where? steve alluded earlier to what got us started. what is that foundational moment? and since we were allowed to pick not just a place connected with the civil war itself but also civil war memory, it was that flash of inspiration that you get. how many of you in the audience are you from the pittsburgh area? show of hands. i saw a steelers shirt so i know some of you are. so, some of you have been to a place called the soldiers and sailors memorial home. it is in the oakland section of pittsburgh. it is on the outskirts of university of pittsburgh, carnegie mellon. space,s a lot of green openness a little island of , silence in an otherwise easy -- busy place. how did i discover it? most fundamental, easie

>> i've got to say since i've been asked to do gettysburg at gettysburg now, to stand on that d dias and you can see the stones of the cemetery, that is a consuming moment. and you contemplate the death and all that that meant. and it has to be right. it's not -- i greet the crowd. i thank them to coming for the commemoration. it's not a celebration. it's not high fives and let's just have pictures taken, but it's solemn and we've got to get it right every time. >> just as there have been more books published about abraham lincoln than any other president, there's probably more people interpreting abraham lincoln than any other president. people would be surprised there are many people out in the field doing this. approximately how many? you have an association, i believe. >> there's an association and i believe there are about 100, all about the country, and that keeps that memory alive. >> and what do you -- when you gather together in your conventions, what do you talk about? >> getting it right and where the venues have been, what the next steps are, what the new publications are

i'll give you one last example, since we're at gettysburg. you would think that the ultimate contradiction of this union rhetoric would be these hugely costly battles in which thousands of men go to their deaths. again, if this doesn't prove the confederates are in earnest and if this doesn't prove that this war is brutal, what would? but even confederate battlefield deaths at places like gettysburg were folded by unionists into the story of deliverance, in the sense that, they said, what kind of a rebel leadership would send these men to die in a fruitless cause? we also see a kind of trope in which union nurses in places like gettysburg ministered to confederates and reported the confederates said, if i had known you yankees were going to be so nice, i would have thought twice about joining the army. these kinds of anecdotes are clung to. that is because, again, of this deep emotional investment in this idea. thank you. [applause] americaneekend on history tv, a lecture from the university of north carolina at theel hill on the 1960's, 1945

we are on hallowed ground and it is altogether fitting and proper we come to gettysburg every november to commemorate the life and legacy of abraham lincoln. our first speaker this morning is peter carmichael. peter is the professor of civil war studies and director of the civil war institute at gettysburg college. i have seen some cwi hats around, wonderful to see them. he has a phd in history from penn state university, where he had the good fortune to study under gary gallagher. he is the author or editor of five books, including "last generation: young virginians in peace, war, and reunion," published in 2005. he is also one of the series editors for a civil war series, and i know him best in this capacity. he was my editor and i can tell you his thoughtfulness, careful attention to detail and generosity with sources made my book a better book. today, he will tell us about his most recent book, the war for the common soldier, which was released in 2018 as part of the prestigious littlefield series with unc press. a review recently concluded, "it is a poignant book, full of pathos,

ather.we in gettysburg, it is the middle of the i -- the middle of july. , woolenwearing that and an almost useless woolen cap. shoesather soles and would have been uncomfortable. the souls were not sold on -- soles were not sewed on. campaign.ty you would have seen people dropping from heatstroke. >> in your mind, is gettysburg still considered the major turning point for the you see it as being something else -- or do you see it as being something else? >> i would say it would be the big turning point. . know some would disagree gettysburg was a move by the confederacy to try to get a his biggesty and purpose would be to bring in european health to the south. a lot of the leadership were really counting on bringing in france, england to go against one of my states and research topics was a french bringan who was hoping to france and on the side of the better see. what these european powers were looking for was to see if the .outh had a chance to winning it would have been a great victory on northern soil. it might have persuaded some foreign powers to recognize the confederacy as a

in gettysburg, it is the middle of the summer in early july. a soldier would have been wearing really long john flannel .ongjohns with a linen shirt you could not leave it on button. it had to be buttoned. you are wearing that. you would been wearing woolen pants. and an almost useless woolen cap. the evidence in the shoes by the way, leather soles and shoes would have been uncomfortable. the soles were not sewed on. they were held together with wooden pegs. a you would've seen the soldiers. i have read a lot of letters where they were dying as thirst. they had a low capacity canteen. you would have seen people dropping from heatstroke. >> in your mind, is gettysburg still considered the major turning point or do you see it as being something else? rd: i would say it would be the big turning point. i know some would disagree. gettysburg was a move by the confederacy to try to get a major bakery on soil. victory his biggest purpose on northern soil. would be to bring in european health to the south. a lot of the leadership were really counting o

interrupting his campaigning, acrehower visited his 179 farm near gettysburg in pennsylvania. a warm welcome for this homespun american from the arens of kansas whose roots firmly planted in the rich soil of the midwest. a kansas farmer boy seeking a position of great responsibility, a role both national and international. ♪ the hour of decision was at hand. the valide voice of boxes people of america were being articulate -- the ballot box, the people of articulate. recorders turned out in numbers to choose the man who would guide the nation for the next four years. early returns of republican party headquarters indicated a landslide for eisenhower. "the new york times" sig in times square shows him far ahead. "ike elected." bedlam breaks loose in the republican headquarters. the greatest popular vote ever given a candidate for the white house dwight eisenhower has been chosen america's 34th president. the eisenhowers had much to be thankful for on thanksgiving day several weeks later. the family could join them in celebrating this traditional american day of giving thanks fo

the remarks came in gettysburg, pennsylvania. good evening. chair of theolzer , lincoln forum. it is time for our main event. i am proud to welcome back to the forum two of my favorite people, not only as friends, but as colleagues in the civil war field. gary gallagher and joan waugh. individually and as a team, they are superlative interpreters of the civil war era, who combine military history and social and cultural history and bring to their scholarship and engagement

announcer: watch monday at 8 tw2.eastern on c-span yearsjuly for the past 25 the gettysburg anniversaryttee has hosted a civil war battle reenactment and living history village depicting camp life. next, we visit a union army surgeon and and ballmer and talk to reenactors -- enbalmer and talk about medical practices during the war. >> there was a lot

these are the dead from gettysburg. we visit the confederate section of the cemetery with the graves of around 2000 soldiers who died in gettysburg a battle lost by robert e. lee in 1963 it was arguably the turning point in the war. heavy casualties. around 50000 soldiers from both sides died in that battle there are a lot of people that feel that the statues need to come down when you look at these monuments just on a pure abstract be they're beautiful works of our beautiful works of art and then you've got the military brilliance of robert e. lee which is still studied by military theorists today the passion for this issue we as the sins of confederate ancestors. they're our family we revere the fact that we feel in our opinion they fought for a noble cause. to overthrow it overbearing federal government would you want anybody to talk badly about your family just the notion of family you know brings up a lot of emotions in me but at the same time if there is a member of one's family that is doing something that you do

announcer: watch monday at 8 tw2.eastern on c-span yearsjuly for the past 25 the gettysburg anniversary committee has hosted a civil war battle reenactment and living history village depicting camp life. next, we visit a union army surgeon and and ballmer and talk to reenactors -- enbalmer and talk about medical practices during the war. quackere was a lot of surgeons. there is an ambulance corps where we can get men off the battlefield quicker and faster. tested and had the surgeons to be qualified. that is where it got better and better. 600,000 died and 700,000 wounded. they were dealing with the musket went in like a finger and came out like a fish. the bone was so shattered i could not repair it. even if you got shot in modern medicine could not put it together. great onval rate was amputations. 70% survived the amputations on this table but it decreased to about 60% due to the fact of disease that set in. the first one that came in had no wrong. his survival rate was great. but then, if the next soldier came on my table and he had bone infection, blood poison, i'm going to transmi

we are on hallowed ground and it is altogether fitting and proper we come to gettysburg every novemberto commemorate the life and legacy of abraham lincoln. our first speaker this morning is peter carmichael. peter is the professor of civil war studies and director of the civil war institute at gettysburg college. i have seen some

we have so much more we of gettysburg, promontory summit, ellis island, hero jima, west berlin, selmaozens of other places that serve as markers for the progress of the american spirit. we cannot draw effectively on history we've forgotten or worse, have never known at all. such comprehensive ignorance such abject erasure of the past is no longer a hypothetical danger but a clear and present one. in that sense, i hope that land of hope can be a small but helpful conservation to the much larger project of national restoration. and i think you. [applause] >> the delegator's and their. [laughter] thank you very much will. wonderful overview of the book. it's stressed fantastically what also jumps up from book itself which is a sense that our history can be a resource of unity. i wanted to start by asking you about that in particular. there is a way in which our politics now is using history as a source of division, whether that's to describe the american story as rooted in sin so an expression of oppression or really whether it's to draw out of the american story, proof that the other si

can never not say something about me, he brought me to the lincoln bedroom, i'm looking at the gettysburg address and i turn around and he said rob not everybody gets to see this unless you're donating to the clinton foundation. [laughter] you just cannot. >> it's funny, here in bloomberg talk, i like to make jokes once in while, my number one joke is never about poop but always assault number two. [laughter] that has nothing to do with anything. [laughter] >> that was a pretty good joke. >> for all of the money that bloomberg has, he cannot have found a comedian coach. it can be 250,000, all do the jokes for you. he literally said in texas he was more nervous than a cat at a dog pound. [laughter] why, all the dogs are locked up. and then he was like, how are we doing in new york, and the crowd was like how do you do new york? the entire place was like -- when sometimes when people talk and they cannot tell a story, it hurts so bad you cannot look at them. i guarantee you the entire audience by the time he got done were like -- and then you have to look back to acknowledge because he's lo

this is part of the gettysburg college civil war institute annual summer conference. welcome to our afternoon panel, everybody. this is a panel on the book "civil war places." we

every july for the past 25 years, the gettysburg anniversary committee has hosted a civil war battle reenactment and living history village depicting cap life. next, we visit a union army surgeon and embalmer and talk to reenactors about medical practices during the war. >> during the very beginning of the war, there were a lot of quack surgeons in the union army. dr. letterman, in 1862 at antietam, took over the medical corps. when he took over the medical corps, he devised the whole thing around. he created an ambulance corps where we could get the men in off the battlefield quicker and faster. he also went and had to give tests to surgeons to be army qualified surgeons. that is where it got better and better as far as service was concerned. 3 million fought, 600,000 died. 700,000 carried wounds on that battlefield. so what happens there is what i was dealing with at that time was really musket. it went in like a finger and came out like a fist. it shattered that bone so bad, was no way that i could repair it. even if you get shot with one of them today, in modern medicine, they co

by 1913, the 50th anniversary of gettysburg, 1938, you get reunions at gettysburg, veterans ready to reconcile, but i would point out that kind of simmering beneath the surface were lingering sectional animosities, and many of the most grievously wounded and injured veterans had already passed away and indeed many would die within a decade of appomattox. veterans of the union believed they were to be the custodians of their history. they felt a greater urgency to write, to record, to talk about their experiences. i will give you one example, 24-year-old daniel eldridge, who fought with a new hampshire regiment, brought home a souvenir from a battle, a piece of lead wedged in his arm. the first thing he does when he gets home in 1865 is to begin work on a memoir, what he believes at first will consume no more than a dozen pages, but write, toy needs to understand and conceptualize his experience, his injury. and daily work on that memoir, by 1867, brought it to more than 600 pages, including hundreds of battle maps. he is writing through his pain with every new word sending currents o

every july for the past 25 years, the gettysburg anniversary committee has hosted a civil war battle

when here in gettysburg, he told the nation that while it was fitting to mourn the battlefield dead, it is for us the living to be dedicated here to finish the rather for us to be here dedicated to the great past remaining before us. that we take increased devotion to the cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion. exquisite act the of balance. where he again moved on, he balanced sadness and hope. he balanced death and life itself. i believe it was a balancing act that he learned at a very early age. thank you very much. [applause] >> we have time for maybe two questions. >> my name is jeff from connecticut. subject.ed on a good obviously, he suffered through this stuff and handled grief hurried do you suppose this had any correlation to how he handled the dreams of his own assassination? wow. i tend to be a bit of a minimalist when it comes to evidence. i like to stick to the collected works and little else. there was an account that he had a dream about his own assassination. i'm not saying he didn't have a dream. he might have but i am skeptical about it. >> i sa

brought heidi, a wipe rauner, and she had an stent on one of mamie's rugs and got sent into exile in gettysburg. [laughter] i've also got to say one unknown fact about the white house, it's the burial ground of our pet parakeet who was on the third floor named pete. pete died, and so we were allowed to give the bird a dignified burial in the rose garden, and my siblings and i put up a little, you know, pete, rest in peace, but they took it down to mow the lawn. >> oh. >> i know. so finish. >> you've got to wonder, roosevelt, who's the first guy who had the west wing, also had a gigantic collection of animals. you have to wonder how many of them -- we know that several of them died during their days in the white house. you have to wonder about the burial locations for all the presidents of their favorite pets. because, you know, most of them -- of course i'm going to have it buried at the white house. >> exactly. >> we a ought to have an archaeologist go over the grounds. >> i think so. the problem is you can't go back and visit their web sites. >> well, except dave is buried at the vice preside

she concludes the program by discussing a summer-long daily tribute to veterans held at gettysburg national cemetery. the lincoln group of the district of columbia hosted this event. >> our speaker tonight is wendy allen. i think most people in the room probably know who wendy allen is, but for those who do not, she is an artist. did her first painting abraham lincoln in 1983. and since then, she has focused on abraham lincoln as her subject and has made many, many paintings in different styles that she will talk about. she also has been very active being interviewed by cnn and had her paintings

the remarks came in gettysburg, pennsylvania. good evening. chair of theolzer , lincoln forum. it is time for our main event. i am proud to welcome back to the forum two of my favorite people, not only as friends, but as colleagues in the civil war field. gary gallagher and joan waugh. individually and as a team, they are superlative interpreters of the civil war era, who combine military history and social and cultural history and bring to their scholarship and engagement with readers and audiences great knowledge, sophistication, and style. as your biographical packets enumerate, they have individually and together and livened into the literature over the years. gary gallagher is a professor emeritus in the history of the american civil war at the university of virginia and he is former director of the now civil war center there. you are all familiar with his major works, the confederate war, the union war, lee and his generals in war and memory. he is also, like me and many in this room, and aficionado, but more, an expert on civil war themed films. his passion has inspired

culminating in the battle of gettysburg. within that army, he may have had as many as 10,000 enslaved men. that would have included what they would have called on a service. if you're an officer from the slaveholding class, you would have brought in the army a slave from your presentation. that enslaved individual have functioned as your personal slave to work on anything that the officer needed to allow him to do his job. between the body servants or i call cap slaves in the book and the impressed slaves, you get a's best a sense of how important slavery was to the confederate war effort. the vice president of the confederacy said slavery is the cornerstone of the confederacy. he was absolutely right. when you look at the armies and the presence of the thousands of enslaved men, you get a sense of what he was talking about. confederate armies cannot have can't efficiently, marched efficiently, and even conducted battle efficiently or as efficiently as they were able to without the presence of enslaved meant. throughout much

everybody talks about the gettysburg address. it is that second inaugural address that is truly extraordinary. harold: the one moment i would like to go back to, before douglas issues that complement for the ages, lincoln is on the receiving line and he sees douglass being ushered and by dubious guards and others, and he says, to an all-white crowd, there is my friend, douglass. douglass, there is no one's opinion i respect more than yours. enough about you, what did you think about my speech? but still. david: we do have another witness of what he said. 's is not just douglass telling. here, it is. right in the east room where that happens. it is. again, it shows us. they started at very different places. nowhis time, they were basically speaking from the same script. they did not start with the same script at all. by now, they are talking about emancipation as the regeneration of a new united states. nation, a new constitution. they are basically on the same script. if lincoln lives, who knows where this script goes. douglas, a

i briefly compared to gettysburg or shiloh or some of those battles, it doesn't reach that rome, but we are talking troy 5, 35, 30,000 troops on each side. high-end of a little battle if you want to call it a little battle, but it does have tremendous results, huge results. i'm not going to stand here and argue to you like some historians get into their topic so much or if they are riding a biography they get into it too much and they argue this is where the war was won and lost. i'm that point to argue it will depend in that case on what you think of vicksburg. i am guessing here in the army of northern virginia land, we would get a lust of eastern -- got a lot of easterncentric ideals, the war was won in the west, and so forth. i hail from the west and i am convinced the civil war was one the west.n the confederacy was absolutely gutted, while there was a stalemate up here, and that is arguable. [laughter] i'm getting feedback on that. we are not here to argue where the war was won and lost. i am not going to argue champion hill was the deciding battle. i will leave it that whereve

when you think about it, the gettysburg address, the first and second inaugural are almost foundational text. like the bill of rights or the constitution, we are not a full nation without addressing lincoln's accomplishments. and the emancipation proclamation, the original sin of the united states with slavery. lincoln gets to be the person that leads the abolitionist crusade from the white house. and finally, his assassination. john wilkes booth. kids study it. lincoln's body moved back to springfield where he is buried there. the train arrived, but the casket went across the country for the exact same moment that the union soldiers were laying down their arms and coming home as a kind of homecoming. lincoln has a category unto his own. if you are a book lover, it is nothing but books about abraham lincoln. all scholars want to write a book about lincoln. i never have. if i could write one, i would write about lincoln going down the mississippi river discovering the slavery markets in new orleans. >> let's pick up what susan asked about u.s. grant. can you explain why general grant has

hold an election in 1864 and lincoln's able to get re-elected, but when you think about it, the gettysburg address, lincoln's first and second inaugurals, are almost foundational texts. meaning they're like the declaration of independence or bill of rights or constitution. they just -- we aren't a full nation without addressing lincoln's accomplishment and, of course, the emancipation proclamation that the original sin of the united states is slavery, here lincoln gets to be the person who leads the abolitionist crusade from the white house and put america on a new and better course. then finally, his assassination. john wilkes booth, schoolkids study it. you realize when lincoln's body moved back to springfield, you orange feder originally asked me, brian, he's buried there at a cemetery in springfield, the train went across the country at the exact same moment the union soldiers and confederate soldierstheir a coming home as a kind of homecoming. . lincoln is kind of in a category unto his own and if you want to also, if you're a book lover, go to the lincoln book shop in chicago that se

it is what lincoln talked about on the battlefield at gettysburg. will government of the people, by the people, for the people perish from the earth? or not? that is not a rhetorical question, it's a serious question. we have to look at all the threats to democracy in america and at the same time, we got a lot of organic domestic threats, and historically, that is where the struggle has been. with the disenfranchisement in the voter purges and the ku klux klan. >> right now it works for one party and not necessarily the other. the question is will it come back to bite everybody. >> i am a masters candidate at udc in the homeland security program. my question revolves around narratives, and i know we have talked a lot about narratives a lot today and narratives have been a big thing in regards to these past four years. my question is how do we go about combating misinformation as it applies to these narratives and do you believe that there is a process in which the government can sort of vet sources better or provide something for a lot of people who

generations, down to the last generation, the impact of his words at gettysburg, is astounding. thank you very much for what you have done, and for sharing that with us tonight. i'd like you to accept this token of our appreciation. thank you very much. [applause] is there any other business to come before us this evening? then i declare this meeting of the lincoln group of the district of columbia adjourned. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2020][captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> at the white house in washington, crowds gather for the in inoculation the inauguration of franklin d roosevelt. 7000 guests to the white house ground. (music) >> among the guests our wounded servicemen from the nearby military hospital. the crowd lines up. for the first time, on inauguration is held not at the capital building, but here in the president's own backyard. (music) >> from these steps, 13 grandchildren of the president watch the ceremony. at the bottom of the steps is

if you were to travel east of gettysburg, or maybe 1. 5 hours on route 30 to the town of lancaster, pennsylvania, i'm sure some of you are familiar with lancaster. in 1744, lancaster was just this tiny little frontier community that was really on the edge of settlement in pennsylvania. but in june of 1744, a group of 250 iroquois indians arrived in lancaster and were carrying arms, bows, and arrows in tomahawks. this would cause panic among the folks that would live in this tiny frontier town. this was the quaker colony of pennsylvania. there was not even a militia to call out in fear of an attack of the iroquois. they were not there to make war, they were there for a treaty conference. they were called by the governor of pennsylvania. they marched through town, their leader singing a song of greeting to the people of lancaster. when they got to the edge of town, they encamped. they built a camp and stayed in lancaster for about the next 2. 5 weeks negotiating not only with the colony of pennsylvania, but also with delegations from the colonies of maryland and virginia, as well. this became know