jeremy faust is an er physician at brigham & women's hospital in boston.lso an instructor at harvard medical school. please >> c-span's washington journal, live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. coming up friday morning, dr. kristin england, and infectious disease physician at the cleveland clinic, discusses the latest on the u.s. response to the coronavirus pandemic. then an author talks about the 75th anniversary of ve day. watch washington journal live at seven clock eastern friday morning. join the discussion. and be sure to watch washington journal saturday at 8:00 a.m. eastern. we are taking calls and questions from high schoolers across the country preparing to take the ap u.s. history and u.s. government exams. sign up today for c-span's newsletter, providing updates daily to the coronavirus pandemic response from state governors, the white house task force briefings, and important updates from congress. sign up today. it's easy. ando c-span.org/connect, inter-your email in the sign-up box. up next on c-span, an update on the c

jeremy faust an emergency room physician at brigham & women's hospital.hank you for being with us. we want to begin with your op ed in the washington post with this headline "the metric that could tell us when it is safe to reemerge." what is that metric? dr. faust: the metric that has been discussed the least but matters the most is what is called excess mortality, or excess deaths. that is simply the number of people who are dying in comparison to the usual rates we know about. for over 100 years we have been really good about keeping track of how many americans die every week, every year, from all causes -- heart attacks, cancer, old age. the numbers are remarkably stable. we know that. it is a credit to the epidemiologists of the past and present that we know that. what has occurred in the past month is unprecedented in recent decades. we are seeing a gigantic spike in certain areas of the country in deaths total. we know the reason for that is covid-19. the more important is the sheer numbers tells us this is having an outlandish effect compared to a

so you know not having them is going to be very very challenging one time major leaguer jake brigham had to undergo 2 weeks of mandatory quarantine when he came back to south korean team from training in the u.s. now he just looks forward to seeing himself and his teammates back on the field when it counts. i think a lot of people the world will take notice just because it will be the 1st sport back. so i think it's really exciting and the guys the guys are just ready to go teams now even more carefully monitor player health and all stadium visitors have their temperatures checked so through. riya has managed to lurch only bring the corona virus outbreak under control with intense testing contact tracing in quarantining with new cases now numbering usually below 10 per day like baseball other professional sports leagues here are opening up although it will be a while before there are fans in attendance the league may gradually welcome a limited number of fans back to stadiums and remains committed to a full 144 game schedule special regulations aimed to prevent the spread of the coro

you have more insight than anyone else in the situation he's the chairman of mass gen brigham.s going on stick with cramer. this is decision tech. find a stock based on your interests or what's trending. get real-time insights in your customized view of the market. it's smarter trading technology for smarter trading decisions. fidelity. truly transformative sleep. so, no more tossing and turning. because only tempur-pedic adapts and responds to your body... ...so you get deep, uninterrupted sleep. during the tempur-pedic summer of sleep, all tempur-pedic mattresses are on sale! during the tempur-pedic summer of sleep, - [female vo] restaurants are facing a crisis. and they're counting on your takeout and delivery orders to make it through. grubhub. together we can help save the restaurants we love. ♪ ♪ >>> coming up next on cnbc, moderna reporting early positive results from trials of its vaccine. hear from one person who actually got the shot. that will be great plus abbott labs top infectious disease doctor on the accuracy of the company's virus test, you know they've been un

brigham and women's hospital. just have some of the greatest medical practitioners in the country. has that given the city an extra sense of security about this? >> i think in some ways it has. it's definitely given me a sense of security knowing that not only are we providing world class care for people of boston and the patients that come in there but also we're at the forefront of the research. we're doing right now a pilot program, an antibody pilot program at mass general hospital where we're doing 1,000 tests on people to kind of get an understanding of who might have had the virus to prepare our kind of reconnecting or going back to work, if you will, at some point, looking at that information. and the fact that you know, you have mass general doing that, you have brigham and women and other great hospital, tufts, doing so many great things, it's amazing. we have about 9200 cases of coronavirus in boston. about 300 people have lost their life and i think that if we didn't have these great hospitals in bosto

. >> one time major league or jake brigham had to undergo two weeks amendatory quarantine he came backs south korean team from training in the u.s. now he looks forward to seeing himself and his teammates back on the field when it counts. >> i think a lot of people will take notice just because it will be the first sport back. i think it is really exciting and the guys are ready to go. >> teams now even more carefully monitor player health and all stadium visitors have their temperatures checked. south korea has managed to largely bring the coronavirus outbreak under control with intense testing, contact tracing and quarantining. if cases outnumbering -- now numbering below 10 per day, other leagues are opening up. it will be a while before there are fans in attendance. the league may welcome a limited number of fans back to stadium and begin -- and remains committed to a full schedule. special regulations aimed to prevent the spread of the coronavirus including no spitting. the coaches task their teams to keep all eyes on the prize. >> these actions you do without realizing. it may be

theguest is a professor at harvard medical school and brigham and women's hospital. austin, texas you are on. caller: thank you for taking my call. elledge. mr. i want to say to everybody and get y'all's comments about -- we have done this before. we did this with tuberculosis. old, iwas six years stuck out my arm, nobody had a choice, you got a tb skin test. latented for tuberculosis, people who were carrying tuberculosis had the bacteria, but did not show symptoms. but, everybody did it. it was a good test. it was easy to administer. everybody took it. there wasn't everything about -- there wasn't anything about privacy. had tuberculosis, they had serious quarantine procedures. they would lock you up in a state hospital. after the 1940's, they had drugs to give you treatment instead of it just being a tb sanitarium. is, we need good accurate testing done with a good strategy to go at this as a disease. host: we will leave it there. guest: those are great points. i completely agree. knowing if you have the virus is one thing. issue -- you may be immune or you may no

physician at brigham and women's hospital, and an instructor at harvard medical center.ichard, in mourning -- good evening? caller: a few minutes ago, dr. faust was asked about reopening the economy, and made the assumption that the economy should be reopened only if the caused byths would be covid-19 as a result of reopening the economy, would be exceeded by the death that would be avoided by reopening the economy. and that assumes we have absolute value to avoid death. but our society makes choices for death all the time. like driving dangerous automobiles like motorcycles because of the pleasure, so we traded all for death. smoking. why should cigarettes even exist? we make those trade-offs all the time. it seems to me, some people might say, i want to watch professional sports, even if there are excess deaths as a result of covid-19. it isn't just the question of the deaths caused by turning down the economy, but it is also the pleasure of how much people value that pleasure in comparison to how manage -- compares how much people value death. host: how would you proc

heroes would change their luck bottom of the 1st giants have runners on corners here fisher jack brigham tries a pick off move to 1st but the pro gets away allowing sunniest up to score 1st run of the game giant lead one to nothing throw over the bag and actually hits the guy 1st 2 major injuries though top of the 3rd heroes catcher parked on one of the r.b.i. triple that people left field and that'll score heroes left the other can your mean both teams all level at why the bottom of the inning giant 1st base and lead a hole with the tumor and single left field rose to 2nd tell their giants tie it all up at 330 the game and 8 r.b.'s easily actually he won though not given up top of the 5th a beautiful solo home run by park don't want center field and the visitors will take a 53 lead bomb a 6 inning giants and gillerman young home with a double to left that are filled out of action for 2 runs but in still throwing error allowed for one more giant $7.00 to $5.00 and bottom of the 8th we go with a former major leaguer former detroit tigers infielder dixon machado with the r.b.i. double the

jeremy faust, an emergency medicine physician at brigham and women's hospital in boston, on how the excess deaths rates could show leaders it is safe to begin relaxing the coronavirus restriction. also joining the program, dr. gary simon, director of the infectious disease departments at george washington university's hospital and medical school, on the latest treatments for the virus. join the conversation tonight on washington journal primetime at 8:00 p.m. eastern on c-span. announcer: sign up today for c-span's newsletter, word for word, providing new updates daily to the coronavirus pandemic response from state governors, the white house task force briefings, and important updates from congress. sign up today, it is easy. c-span.org/connect and enter your email in the word for word sign-up box. announcer: new york governor andrew cuomo announced a temporary state ban on residential and commercial evictions continue through august. in his daily coronavirus briefing, governor cuomo talked about other steps to help new yorkers who are struggling financially. gov. cuomo: good morning. ple

deb is a former navy nurse, tonight telling her team at brigham and women's hospital, she will soon be>> hi, david. i just want to say to the nurses that took care of me while i was a covid-19 patient, that you are loved by those who you take care of, and i appreciate everything you did for me, the support you've shown me. thanks so much. >> reporter: and outside boston, in hingham, the bello family. who you've met right here before. dad, jim, whose condition was worsening for weeks in the hospital, on a ventilator. they carefully allowed his wife, kim, to be by his side. and soon after, he got better. and tonight -- >> hey, david. this is the bello family. >> reporter: the bellos have never forgotten the team at mass general. >> i also want to thank my heroes -- the doctors, the nurses, the therapists, all the health care providers at mass general hospital and spalding rehab, for playing such an important role in my recovery. >> thank you, mgh! >> reporter: they raised more than $50,000 on their gofundme page for the health care workers. their meals, their other needs. now they plan t

jeremy faust, an emergency medicine physician at brigham and women's hospital in boston, on how the excess deaths rates could show leaders it is safe to begin relaxing the coronavirus restriction. also joining the program, dr. gary simon, director of the infectious disease departments at george washington university's hospital and medical school, on the latest treatments for the virus. join the conversation tonight on washington journal primetime at 8:00 p.m. eastern on c-span. announcer: sign up today for c-span's newsletter, word for word, providing new updates daily to the coronavirus pandemic response from state governors, the white house task force briefings, and important updates from congress. sign up today, it is easy. c-span.org/connect and enter your email in the word for word sign-up box. announcer: new york governor andrew cuomo announced a temporary state ban on residential and commercial evictions continue through august. in his daily coronavirus briefing, governor cuomo talked about other steps to help new yorkers who are struggling financially. gov. cuomo: good morning.

would change their luck but of the 1st giants have a runners on the corners here as pitcher jack brigham tried to pick off move to 1st but to get thrown away owing sunniest substance course 1st run of the game giants lead one nothing throw is just over that actually hits the guy 1st to thank the majors have a 3rd group that are parked along with the r.b.i. triple to keep left field and that all 4 goes left fielder to give him your name in both teams called level one pretty happy about that on the inning jennifer's face and lead a hall with a 2 run thing on the left field gets thrown a 2nd giants will tie it all it 3 the 3rd of the game and 8 r.b.i. the season for aliya so not to. back he would not give up top of the 5th any beautiful home solo home run by parked on long to centerfield visitors taking a $53.00 lead bomb and 6 joint center fielder mingling with a double to left center field that will score 2 runs but an infield throwing error actually allows for one more gentle take that of course and now they find themselves up 7 to 5 and bottom of the 8th inning major leaguer former detr

are an emergency medical physician at brigham and women's hospital in boston about to lifthow it is safeictions. and the latest treatments for the virus. join the conversation tonight on "washington journal primetime" at 8:00 p.m. eastern on ceased and. >> we cannot wait any longer. the lakes are too high to it idly by, -- stakes are too high to sit idly by, which is why i have announced a republican task force. i would like the democrat to join us. to join us. there is no more important time to join together to work as one nation as we face these challenges. this group will include liz cheney and anthony gonzalez. darren lahood and denver curtis, andyhn barr, john joyce, adam kissinger, jim banks, michael walsh, chris stewart. it will be a microcosm of our entire conference, taking more committees -- more than 10 committees jurisdictions. they will be looking at a wide range of china issues including influence targeting of the u.s. including our universities and think tanks, economic threats to our government and allies, efforts to gain technological advantage, and role in the origin of

realize sleep is important that perhaps is the most striking what you reference is a study done from brigham young university that shows and with that longevity. and that is similar and then to be greater and then to see this as someone who served as surgeon general in an office with obesity and physical activity seeming to focus on social connection we never fully appreciate how powerful. >> that is extraordinary and sobering. >> very quickly when you say loneliness what do you mean? you distinguish between loneliness and solitude is there something more to it than that? >> it's a great question loneliness is a subjective term if we feel about the quality of connection and then to say loneliness is a gap between the social connection we feel we need and the ones that we have some a couple of things is that and then i say that not just as a theoretical point from personal experience that so i never talk to my family about loneliness with my mother and father and sister from my youngest memories away always felt secure. but that sense of belonging walking into school and that stinking pit in

jeremy faust, emergency medicine physician at brigham and women's hospital in boston, on how the excess deaths rates could show leaders it is safe to begin laxity coronavirus restriction. director ofy simon, the infectious disease department at george washington university's hospital and medical school, on the latest treatments for the virus. join the conversation tonight on washington journal primetime at 8:00 p.m. eastern on c-span. announcer: television has changed since c-span began 41 years ago but our mission continues. to provide an unfiltered view of government. already this year we have brought you primary election coverage, the presidential impeachment process, and now the federal response to the coronavirus. can watch all of c-span's public affairs programming on television, online, or listen on our free radio app, and be part of the national conversation dailyh c-span's will -- washington journal program or through our social media feet. c-span, created by private industry as a public service and brought to today by your television provider. toll, 263,000 globally. isning us

he's going to expand that right now, but there's a study at brigham and women's hospital talking about fact that it can lead to fatalities though rare of the 96 patients studied no real benefits, no substantial changes. is there for covid-19 an inherent risk for a vulnerable population in your eyes take it or reserve it for those with malaria and lupus for which its record is quite good? >> certainly for malaria it has been a historically a very useful drug. in the resistance for malaria there's better drugs in most settings like act's. there's no evidence yet to suggest that hydroxychloroquine is beneficial. theres' some evidence as you suggest that it's harmful so probably there's no indication to use it at this point in time and there are other candidates out there, as you know. there's a whole, again, incredible scientific effort underway to try to get towards m monochromal antibodies for the first effective come online later in the epidemic. neil: dr. murray, thank you, thank you very much. very good chatting with you, dr. christopher murray. and quoting from the brigham and women

the most striking that you referenced was the study at brigham young university, the announcement would show the association between loneliness and longevity is interesting. the mortality impact or the degree to which one's life is short and when you struggle with loneliness seem to be similar to mortality impact of smoking 16 cigarettes a day. it seems to be greater than the mortality impact of obesity in the sedentary living. i see this as someone who served as surgeon general in an office that spent decades working on smoking and physical activity. haven't really focused on issues of loneliness and social connection because we never appreciated how powerful and impact. >> host: that is extraordinary and sobering. when we say loneliness, you distinguish between loneliness and solitude. something more to it than that? >> guest: loneliness is a subjective term determined by how we feel about the quality of our connection. if you had to define it further loneliness is a gap between social connection, what we need and what we have in our life. a couple things that are important, it is an

gawande, he plays many roles, he's a staff writer at that magazine, best-selling author and surgeon at brigham's hospital in boston. welcome, atul. >> thank you. glad to be here. >> so, you point out in the article that what you guys have been able to do at the hospital, which is a very large hospital, lots of people, lots of people in close proximity of the virus, you have been able to put in place a regimen that really works and has resulted in very minimal infections. so tell us the regimen. >> yeah. so basically we're a hospital system of 75,000 people, which is more than 75% of counties in the united states populations. and like many hospitals, we've managed to avoid becoming sites of transmission. the key so that has been, you know, steps that everybody has heard about, but it's recognizing each are flawed. when you put them together, sort of like a drug cocktail, it's a combination therapy, it with be very effective. the four elements, hygiene, in addition to social distancing, that's number two. number three, symptom screening. every time i go into work i'm asked -- i go to a website o

. >> and for the past nearly 37 years, she's been caring for patients at boston's brigham young hospital's the matriarch of the family on the front lines fighting covid-19 pandemic, bringing daughters christina and katie and even son-in-law brad to work in the family business all four at the same boston hospital. >> i decided to be a nurse because my role model and inspiration in life was a nurse, so i just wanted to follow in her footsteps. i think i also kind of had a nurturing tendency i have been on the same floor for 13 years now, and i still love work every day. >> brad joins them after a career change. >> she put the bug in my ear to be a nurse if she didn't kind of encourage me, i don't know where i would be. >> rosemary would often work nights and weekends so she could be home with her family. >> she was always there. when we got home from school, you did your homework, watched tv, and we all had dinner together as a family we used to think moms worked weekends and dads worked weekdays because mom worked weekends we thought that was normal growing up. >> to make up for missed ti

daniela lamas, a critical care doctor at brigham and women's hospital in boston. to see you. what do you have to apologize for? >> yes, so the content really of this piece which i wrote as a letter was inspired by or sparked by my feelings about our visitor policy. and about two months ago now my hospital along with hospitals throughout the country changed our rules so that we can't really have any visitors, except at the very extreme, end of life or at the birth. they made sense at the time and two months on and we're thinking and i've begun to think it is time for us it re-evaluate the policies. so i feel as though inadvertently and with the best of intentions we have done harm to our patients and their families due to these policies and i wanted to let them know that we feel that. >> what could you are done differently? those policies were put in place to protect the family members from contracting covid-19 themselves. and so what could you have done differently? >> i'm not sure really that we could have done anything differently at the outset. i think that saf

mundy mara is with the brigham center of advanced heart disease.tor, thank you for being with us today. you looked through the study and i want to read you a principal finding. we were unable to find a benefit with hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for covid-19. each of these drug regimens was associated with a decreased in-hospital survival and an increased frequency of ventricular a rith rrhythmias w used for treatment of covid-19. should hospitals stop using this as a treatment? >> that would be our strong recommendation, john. our data has shown that across the world in the real-world population that this drug combination, whichever way you slice or dice it, does not show any evidence of benefit, and in fact, is i mutably showing a signal of grave harm. >> so there is a distinction in the sense that you are looking for hospitalizations of patients. this is not a live, clinical trial. that would be the gold standard of research. so for anyone out there now, for the hydroxychloroquine promoters who will say oh, wait a minute. it's elitist doctors

we brigham young hospital. cuomo of new york saying, hey, here's the proof that masks work, listen. >> first responders, the front line worker, wind up having a lower infection rate than the general population in that area. how can that be possibly be? because the ppe works. those masks work. >> is that scientific proof? anecdotal proof? do you believe he's right? >> i think the governor is right. and thank you, john, for having me on the show. there's now a growing body of evidence that surgical masks, as well as homemade cotton masks at home can help decrease the spread of coronavirus, if used as part of the whole strategy around physical distancing, hand hygiene, testing and wearing masks. so, it's an important key part of the strategy we have going forward, both in hospitals as well as in our communities. >> look, it's new for most people, right but it's something we do every day. i want to show you this quinnipiac poll. do you wear masks in public? two-thirds say yes. a third say no, maybe it's the word "r

he's a surgeon at the brigham and women's hospital in boston and the chairman of haven, a joint health care venture created by amazon, berkshire hathaway, and j.p. morgan. he joins us from boston. dr. gawande, it is so good too have you with us again. you are reminding people that even as we moof a ahead it is important to keep the basics in mind. so tell us again what are the basics? >> well, i think the basics come from the fact that there have brn a group of workers who have been going to work right through this epidemic and those are health care workers. and we have managed in the united states to manage so we can go to work and not spread the virus. and there are four components to what i have called a combination therapy. the components are ones you all know. but each of them are flawed. but when you put them together it stops the virus and we are demonstrate thrag in health care. so what are they. number one is hygiene. number two is distancing. number three is screening. screenk people for even very mild symptoms so they stay home rather than go into work. and four are masks. a

the impact of loneliness is profound, perhaps most striking is that you reference the study done by brigham university and it shows the association between loneliness and longevity is quite interesting and the mortality impact or the degree, when you struggle with loneliness the mortality impact of smoking 15 cigarettes a day in the mortality impact of obesity, i see this as someone who served as surgeon general that has spent decades working on smoking, obesity and physical activity, it has not focused on the issue and we never appreciated the impact to had on her health. >> that is extraordinary. , just to think back very quickly, when you say loneliness i want to define, what do you mean in your book you distinguish between loneliness and solitude, is loneliness being alone or something more to it than that? >> it's a great question, loneliness is a subjective term, it's determined about how we feel about the quality of our connection, i would say if you had to define it further, loneliness is a gap between the social connection and we feel that we need and the ones that we have in our l

dr daniela lamas is a critical care doctor at brigham and women's hospital in boston.g a pause button and you cannot push pause forever. that being said, my hope is we will have ramped up testing and be able to do broad testing in ways we cannot do that well. tracing, being able to contact trace. being able to isolate. you see people who come in who have loved ones with covid who are told to isolate and they are living in the same home which is impossible. they all get sick. so we have to make headway with some of these components and then reopen slowly. i expect that we will see more cases, definitely, the question is will we be more equipped to deal with them than the first time around. anthony zurcher is in washington. let us talk about new york times publishing these numbers, potentially 3000 daily depth might in the first, what is your take on this? as you mentioned, the white house said that was not fully vetted document and it is unclear whether those numbers would be after social distancing and restrictions were eased restrictions were kept in place. what we se

dr daniela lamas is a critical care doctor at brigham and women's hospital in boston.arch and the second week of march or so we started to have a few cases and then those numbers started to increase significantly to specifically an hour and significantly to specifically an hourand our significantly to specifically an hour and our intensive care units, we had around 90 patients with covid—19 and now the number is plateaued and started to come down a little but the patients that we have remaining are all very sick and many, most all intubated and as a doctor you want to spend time with their patients and you want to be in their patients and you want to be in the room and do a full physical exam in the morning and return in the afternoon particularly for those patients who might be awake or waking up and therefore scared but when you don't want to be in the room and when you know that being in the room both uses valuable personal protective equipment and put yourself at risk when you are explicitly supposed to limit the amount of time in the room and means you limit the a

nurse's mouth and that makes it, of course, possible to read lips. 500 of these masks are now in use at brigham hospital in boston. tony, i love this. it's one of those things that seems so simple. why didn't we think of that sooner. that's a great idea. >> yeah, i agree, gayle. it makes it easier to read lips. as we saw, it also makes it easier to just see a smile. that can be so important in these moments with patients and their medical staff. i like it a lot. we've got to move on to some more troubling news. more than 36 million americans, as you probably already know have filed for unemployment benefits since the economic crisis began back in mid-march. 36 million. experts say these job losses are hitting women particularly hard, especially women of color. consumer investigative correspondent anna werner spoke with som hostobs andingo figure out what to do now. good morning. remembering the great recession it was mostly men who lost their jobs. now we're seeing a change, huh? >> that's for sure, tony. experts say women were making big job gains leading up to this crisis. now many of those j

we've got a preventative genomics clinic at brigham health, one of the first in the world to let youook forward in time to see if you're at risk for cancer, other heart disease and other conditions. we're not there for covid yet. the other thing this is going to do, the reason it's so important to do it quickly, it's not just about prediction, it's about finding out the clues to what you can use for treatment or a vaccine. you know, we have this precedent with hiv, the ccr-5 gene, you might have heard about. certain people have variations in their dna that make it much, much harder for the hiv virus to get into their cells. so everyone's looking to see is there a genetic variation that would make it much harder for covid to get into your cells. now, if there were, you could have a clue right there as to what's going on in that variation and how you could create a protein or a molecule or a treatment or even a vaccine that would take advantage of that knowledge. this is one of the amazing things about genetics is it's not just good for predictions. it's not just good for diagnosis. it

one is the singapore one another is we've been working at the brigham & women's hospital which is onethe big hospitals in boston helping screen covid patients. originally we were just talking to them without there having to be a health worker there now we're making vital measurements like respiration rate, body temperature, working on oxygenation and heart rate. all that can be done without contact even with the robot and we've had kind of a flood of input of people who have ideas for how they could keep their workers from having to have contact either with other people or with situations and i think it's going to be very interesting time where some of these new applications play out. >> okay. marc, it's great to see you. it'sfascinating. come on back we want to get an update as soon as the next iterations of some of these reboots get out into, as we say, the wild. >> thanks for having me. >> you bet. >>> when we come back, the pandemic is pressuring the mortgage market and forcing some homeowners into forbearance. we've got new details right after this break >>> time now for today's

theguest is a professor at harvard medical school and brigham and women's hospital.ustin, texas you are on. caller: thank you for taking my call. elledge. mr. i want to say to everybody and get y'all's comments about -- we have done this before. we did this with tuberculosis. old, iwas six years stuck out my arm, nobody had a choice, you got a tb skin test. latented for tuberculosis, people who were carrying tuberculosis had the bacteria, but did not show symptoms. but, everybody did it. it was a good test. it was easy to administer. everybody took it. there wasn't everything about -- there wasn't anything about privacy. had tuberculosis, they had serious quarantine procedures. they would lock you up in a state hospital. after the 1940's, they had drugs to give you treatment instead of it just being a tb sanitarium. is, we need good accurate testing done with a good strategy to go at this as a disease. host: we will leave it there. guest: those are great points. i completely agree. knowing if you have the virus is one thing. issue -- you may be immune or you may not.

and a surgeon from brigham & women's hospital thank you for being with us. >> delighted to be here. > advice would you give to businesses as they start to try and get back to some sort of normal operations? >> well, i think the key thing, my hospital system has 75,000 workers, for example 50,000 of us have turned up for work in the last month and we have prevented the hospital from being a site of transmission there's been a basic approach. like a drug cocktail the four elements are hand hygiene, screening people for symptoms, masks and social distancing at work each of them are imperfect, but you put them together and you get a -- you're able to shut down the virus the critical part of it is adding to it culture culture means being committed to the idea that we're all doing our part to avoid infecting one another. >> that may be the biggest question a lot of people have. you're only as strong as the weakest link if you see people who aren't washing their hands, if you see people who aren't wearing their mask, that has to make people pretty nervous how do you make sure everyone compli

joining us, clinical director of infectious diseases at brigham and women's hospital, dr. paul sax. thank you for being with us. your impressions as a public health expert when you see a pool party at the lake of the ozarks, or crowded beaches or boardwalks at coney island? >> obviously, crowds like that are a big concern for us. we particularly worry about crowds in the indoor settings. we encourage people to get outside, but not in settings like that. if you notice, there were sections of the ozarks party that weren't outside at all with people very, very close together. overall, the message should be is outdoor is safer than indoor. that would apply to most of the shots you just showed. >> dr. sax, as we look at the summer, as i mentioned, people are going to go outside. we're human beings. we've been indoors two months. people want to go to the beach, to the boardwalks, to an outdoor bar. if that is going to happen and states are going to slowly reopen, there will be conditions on how the rest raaurants and b can reopen, how many people can be inside them, for example. what woul