the entire national press corps, and mr. berne, why did change your mind? mr. berne, you're responsible for suffrage. what changed your mind? it turned out his mama told him to. [ laughter ] so he had in his pocket a letter in his mother that says, in part, hurrah, vote for suffrage and don't keep them in doubt. he says to all these reporters. it's because my mom wrote these letters and i think a mother's advice is the best thing for a son to follow. as the mother of three sons, embroider it on a pillow. that's how close it came, right? finally she was able to embroider the 36th star on the flag. she unfurled it from the balcony there. that's how close american women came to not getting it passed. it's an amazing story. with that background, ann and i are going to talk a bit, and we'll take your questions. thank you very much. >>> well, do any of those tactics sound familiar? [ laughter ] what was it about the women who were able to pull together the strategy and effectiveness? these were smart, educated, incredibly inventive women who wouldn't take no for an an