he was the first officer of the american army. the united states army dates its own birth to his service. and the continental congress' appointment of him taking over the army. so that story is important for thinking about the cultures and the traditions part of american military power and military leadership today. george washington also was a man of the 18th century. he lived in a very different world. with different assumptions about how warfare should be conducted and what was needed. and some of that, i hope, will come out as well. what was different about the way an 18th century officer might organize troops. versus today, as well. so let's get into it. i want to start with the french and indian war. george washington's military education was through the process of fighting in the french and indian war. he had no experience leading men into battle. he had no experience creating a camp, building a supply train, or any of that. so he learned a lot of basics in the field through long service in the french and indian war, and al

nurse corps nurses.african-american by 1944, there would be 220 army nurses. ales and the corps, also had an uphill battle to serve their country. commanded the six 8 --e >> the whites had been serving years byfor almost two his time but for some reason the usual blacks, they make trouble or blacks can't do what not, s are doing and what overseas commanders did not want black women to come over. there is anything that i remember about world war i was aas the fact that member of the sixth triple 8 directory.t it was the first and the only black women to serve overseas during world war ii and i'm very, very proud of that. in birmingham, england and later in france, the processes mail, forwarding eagerly-awaited to ages and letters americans throughout europe. redirecting was mail that had one attempted delivery based on the last home hadhe people back but of course in war times you move pretty fast. exciting.s not but it was necessary, because it was necessary for the morale of the troops. mail met morale. >> by the war's end, the navy six black ioned female offi

will be taken as far as changing the world is going to be creating this continental army, this american army, 13 separate colonies that had run their lives independently and for years had not resisted together but it never worked out that they wanted to work together at the same time. they create this army, june 14, 1775, taking the beginnings of the army up in boston, making it the american army, and taking george washington to be the commander of that army. that is one of the most branch petition. like they had done before, it starts off with the idea that we are loyal british subjects fighting for our rights, following this chain of command in britain to the king that asks that he assist us in redressing these grievances. the other thing they will write is the declaration of the causes and necessities of taking up arms. these things will be written in july. it is putting out there to the world exactly what we are looking to do, to correct this situation we feel has gone against us and our rights are being threatened or taken away. unfortunately, the british government in london will decid

the mission of the army historical foundation is to honor the american soldier by preserving the historyeritage of the united states army. from his home in massachusetts, please welcome the chairman of the army historical foundation, general retired arnold sullivan. >> sting wish guests and friends and supporters of the army museum, welcome to the opening ceremony of the national museum of the united states army. tributeeum is a giant to over 30 million soldiers who have served throughout our history as a country. i think it is important we take a moment to remember one soldier in particular. herzog whose recent passing has saddened us all. he was a dedicated soldier who served as chairman of the board for 15 years. toing to keep the campaign build this impressive museum alive. we are grateful for his enormous effort and offer the deepest condolences to his wife and family. bill, rest in peace. it is my honor to introduce the chief of staff, 40th chief of staff of the army, general jim mcconville. aviator, 36 chief of thef of the army, cg of 101st air division air assault, u.s. army depu

the french army was led by rowe chambeau. von steuben was an american officer, then there's the french army which is over here. so lafayette is in charge of the american wing in the battle of yorktown, and then there's a whole french wing at the battle of yorktown as well. he gives the attack in the battle of yorktown. but clearly, washington's relationship with hamilton becomes increasing the inseparable in the way they're working together to escalate the improvement. the american revolutionary war is obviously rchlt. >> lucas would like to know, how old was general washington when he resigned his position to start his new phase? >> how old was george washington when he resigned his position? george washington, at the end of the american revolutionary war, resigned his commission and went back into civilian life. throughout the war, he had deferred to civilian authority, although he was given more and more power by the congress, and there were some who wanted him to become the king or lord prote prote protector of the united states. george washington p

american nurses. by 1944, there would be 220 black army nurses. in the women's army corps would have an uphill battle to serve their country. charity adams committed a postal directory battalion. >> for some reason, the usual black troops me make trouble -- may make trouble. or blacks cannot do what other people are doing. overseas commanders did not want black women to come over. >> i guess if there is anything i remember about the second world war it was the fact i was a member of the six aaa directory. it was the first and only battalion of black women to serve over the seas -- to serve overseas during the second world war and i'm very proud of that. >> stationed in birmingham, england, the six 888 processes mail. >> their job was redirecting mail that had one attempted delivery based on the last address people back home had. in war times, you move pretty fast. our job was not exciting but it was necessary. it was necessary for the morale of the troops. mail met morale. narrator: by the war's end, the navy had commissioned six black female offi

african-americans still must fight for the right to do their part. army'slitary academy, the color barrier is difficult to crack. benjamin o davis jr. graduates from west point in 1936. he is the first african-american to graduate in the 20th century. spoken social word was in his four years at west point. allows some african-american college officers.o become meanwhile, african-american organizations and newspapers petitioned franklin d roosevelt and his administration for dignity and equality in the armed forces. there is a is, -- grave apprehension among negros. persons maycolored lead to the creation of labor battalions and other forms of discrimination against them in the event of war. narrator: september 1940, congress passes the selective service and training act. >> the first number is serial number 158. narrator: it promises that black americans will be represented in the armed forces in proportion to the general population. ♪ but, the marine corps is not accepting blacks. the army air corps is not accepting blacks. messavy is, but only as attendan

create this army, june 14, 1775, taking the beginnings of the army up in boston, making it the american army, and picking george washington to be the commander of that army. that is one of the most important decisions made in this room. if you think about the way this war will go for the young united states, it is 8 1/2 years. george washington will be the only commanding general we have for all of those years. at the end, he will succeed. back in 1775, they're still friging out exactly what they're fighting for. that leads to one last letter to the king. we called this one the olive branch petition. like they had done before, it starts off with the idea that we are loyal british subjects fighting for our rights, following this chain of command in britain to the king that asks that he assist us in redressing these grievances. the other thing they will write is the declaration of the causes and necessities of taking up arms. these things will be written in july. it is putting out there to the world exactly what we are looking to do, to correct this situation we feel has gone against us and ou

american nurses. by 1944 there will be 220 black army nurses. >> african-american females in the women's army corps alsole to serve their country. charity adams commanded the postal directory battalion. >> they had been serving overseas for two years at this time, but for some reason, the usual black troops may make trouble or blacks can't do what others are doing and whatnot, overseas commanders did not want black women to come over. >> i guess if there is anything that i remember about the second world war, it was the fact that i was a member of the 6888 central postal directory. it was the first and only battalion of black women to serve overseas during the second world war and i'm very, very proud of that. >> stationed in england and later france, the 6888 processes mail, forwarding packages and letters to americans throughout europe. >> their job was redirecting mail that had one attempted delivery based on the last address to people back home had. but, of course, in war times, you move pretty fast. our job was not exciting. but it was necessary. because it was necessary for the morale of the troop

he come home once you know that an american army is on the prison. he said in 5 p. q one. i was only 20 chefs and try your luck. i saw the show quite shallow just for the job. if you buy the one, the cameras are there about an invalid, along konami one and a long one and learn a lot of been nothing about law. i have been nouns and i'm not bob dylan. i now own them. i walk on number and i am what they live by the law and began all of my data yet more then and there forever. as they need me, they might have those in my beautiful grass. actually, i love those who are going young, beautiful new. there's a lot of them as a model grooving so much that's how i met you. i know i don't know what love was. 3 a lot of the time it was only some are learning now he said, promise you'll yourself will do ourselves. the only party you're gonna use. i'm initiating fine. really. thank you. but you only get it on doing. you know, if you got home. oh that beats you. why do you need a new sample fan and i need you. yeah, shaun done to them. i liked london man its source. well, you don't musky.

here he comes home once you know it and an american army is on the prison. he said them 5 pm to 7. 120, chefs. i think you are well and i saw them of course we shall just love for the job. if you buy the one the cameras are there about an invalid along konami one and a long $1.00 and $1.00 and the bin is in a bar la. i have been nouns and i'm not bob dylan, i'm down from a long walk or number and i am what i live by the law. and again, all of my data more that there, frederick has a mind of those who love you forever. actually i love those who are going young, beautiful new, there's a lot of them as a model grooving so much that's how i met you. 6 i know, i don't know what love was a lot of the time. it was only some are learning now he said, promise you'll yourself will do ourselves the only party you're gonna use. i'm initiating fine. really. thank you for what you did on doing you know, if you got home oh that beats you. why do you need a new sample fan? and i need you. yeah. done to them. i liked london man a source. well, you don't musky and so on. do y

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to i am certain that i know that you are an idea and then he comes home once you know it and an american army is long in prison, he says in 5 pm to 7. 120, shelf, full. of course, we shall just love for the job. if you buy the one, the cameras are there in about an hour than along konami one and are long gone. and the bin now is in a bar la i have been announced and i'm bob dylan. i'm down from a long walk on number, and i am what i live by the law. and again, all of my data more than their fair has a mind of those who love you for a minute. actually i love those who are going young, beautiful looming as one of them was a mongrel groovy. oh my, that's how i met you. 6 i know, i don't know what i was a lot of the time it was only someone on the t.v. i promise you'll do ourselves. the only party you're gonna use. i'm initiating fun. really. if you fight, you only get it on doing. you know, if you got home. oh that beats you while you're on your new song will fail and i need you. yeah, ducasse on down to them. i liked london run its course. well, you don't musky and so on. do you have a these ar

am certain that i know that if you are an idea and then he comes home once you know it and an american army is on the prison. he said in 5 pm to 7. 120, chefs. i think you are welcome. i saw them live quite fast enough for the stand up if you buy the lamp, the cameras are there about an invalid. along konami one and a long $1.00 and $1.00 and the bin is in a bar. la, i have been nouns and i'm not bob dylan, i'm down from a long walk or number and i am what i live by the law. and again, all of my dad to them or their and their friends as they need me. a lot of those who love you for a minute actually i love those who are going young. beautiful looming as one of them as a mongrel groovy. that's how i met you. i don't. i know. i don't know, but i was a lot of the time it was summer and now he said, promise you'll yourself will do ourselves when the only party you're gonna use. i'm initiating fun. really. thank you for what you did on doing is on me now. if you got your own that beat you, why do you need a new song? will fail and i need you. yeah. done to them. i liked london run its course. we

i am certain that i know is that you are an idea and them he comes home once you know that an american army is on the prison. he said in 5 pm to 7, 120, chefs. i feel your of course, just love for the job and you by the length of the cameras are there in about an hour than along konami one end of the long run. and the bin is in a bar la i have been announced and i'm bob dylan. i'm down from a long walk on number and i am what i live by the law. and again, all of my data game all day. and there forever has a mind of those who love you forever. actually i love those who are going young. beautiful looming as one of them was a mongrel groovy that's how i met you. 6 i don't, i know, i don't know what i was a lot of the time it was summer and now he said, promise you'll yourself will do ourselves. the only party you're gonna use. i'm initiating fine. really. thank you. but you only did it on doing, you know, if you got your own that beat you, why do you need a new song? will fail and i need you. yeah. ducasse on down to them. i liked london man its source. well, you don't musky and so on. do you

i am certain that i do your best idea of them here he comes home once you know it and an american army is on the prison. he said in 5 pm to 7. 120, chefs. i think you are well, and i saw them live quite shallow. just for the stand up your alley. if you buy the one, the cameras are there about an invalid along konami one and are long gone. and the bin now is in a bar la, i have been nouns and i'm not bob dylan. i'm down from a long walk or number, and i am what i live by the law. and again, all of my data more than their forever, as they need me. a lot of those who love you forever. actually. i love those who are going young, beautiful looming as one of them was a mongrel, grooving, oh my, that's how i met you. don't i know. i don't know what i was. a lot of the time it was only someone underneath him. now he said, promise you'll yourself will do ourselves. the only party you're gonna use. i'm initiating fun. really. thank you. but you only did it on doing, you know, if you got your own that beat you, why do you need a new sample fan? and i need you. yeah. done to them. i liked london m

american army officers and enlisted men began working with, but not in direct control of, any grc soldiere assigned u.s. military assistance advisory group, commonly referred to as mag. these advisors working closely with their chinese counterparts, use all available means of transportation to visit the widely scattered chinese forces. most senior commanders and many subordinates have been trained at u.s. army schools under the military assistance program. ♪ of maag advisors on taiwan encompasses the entire spectrum of army training. army of any nation is only as good as its infantry. these men going over the leaders reaction course at an inference -- infantry school, face a series of obstacles. is similar to the leaders reaction at fort benning, with a few modifications. ♪ great emphasis is placed on infantry weapons training. working closely with their counterparts, advisors have set up intensive training at a variety of lights and heavy infantry weapons. [gunshots] ♪ narrator: and artillery school outside a city advises instructors a basic artillery course. ♪ they encourage use of trai

but it takes on a different form in the caribbean because there it is the navy, the american army that are the -- not armed forces, sorry, i don't want to get the navy/army people worked up in this room. but it arrives on a jim crow platter that is -- that is rebranded to fit with the caribbean. rather than colored and white signs, we get silver and gold signs to demarcate jim crow and make it recognizable in the area. silver because that's what black people were paid, the currency in which black people were paid, in the caribbean, especially, working in the zone, and gold if you were white. so that's -- those are the signs that would have been on the doors. i think about the violence in the philippines, right, that, again, had weighed on african-american minds, especially given the glee with which so many americans celebrated the acts of violence against the bodies of filipinos and for african-americans that needed very little, if any, translation. and i'll end with this. i think a lot about how germans framed their sense of their wound and experience of violence after the war by poin

so in that, the american army opened fire, not against people, but there was a fire, there was fire, there was with their weapons and the police in their place are you will be responsible. and this student, these movement have broken the peace agreement, reached in 1991. and they declare they have broken it, they say that there is a really nice look at these broken. so they were nice back again since then we see the right a small movement in and fire. you didn't notice we have a few more seconds. they have to add jose and jim, what is there a sense that this could be solved diplomatically? somehow you were talking about the fact that it could escalate, especially if the u.n. mission, what's it being recreate it? well, we don't know. it depends on the u.n. . it also depends on spain and mostly on the members of the security council, and mostly france, which is a main ally of morocco in the un in the security council. but it's important to know that since the beginning of $21000.00 the last year there is no, we don't have any special envoy from the u.n. . we still there, but there is n

built on a high, isolated hill, this memorial commemorates the capture of saint-mihiel by the american first armytchell: we are standing at the montsec memorial to commemorate the saint-mihiel offensive. it was the first major battle by the americans as an independent force. it occurred from september 12 to september 16 of 1918. the battle itself strategically helped drive the germans from this area where they had been well entrenched since september of 1914. they created a bulge in the line, which was known as a salient. the attack was extremely important to american commander general john j. pershing. pershing had his sights set on saint-mihiel since he first brought the americans over, but it was not until more than a year later when he had enough forces to actually launch this attack. the organization of the attack began in august of 1918. that is when general pershing formed american first army, the first tactical unit independent of the french and british forces. pershing met with ferdinand foch. marshall foch was the commander of all the allied forces. pershing had it into his mind to atta

so in that, the american army opened fire, not against people, but there was a fire, there was fire that was with their weapons. and the police are you in their place or you will be responsible. and this tune, these movement have broken the peace agreement reached in 1991 and they declare it broke and they say that there is every many snooker is broken. so they were nice back again since then we see the friday small movement in, in fire. he didn't notice, we have a family of seconds, they have to add jose. and what is there a sense that this could be solved diplomatically? somehow you were talking about the fact that it could escalate, especially if the un mission, what's it being recreate it?, well, we don't know it and soon the u.n., it also depends on spain and mostly on the members of the security council and mostly france, which is a did main ally of miracle in the un in the security council. but it's important to note too that since the beginning of 200-1000 the last year there is no, we don't have any special envoy from the un. the meters are still there, but there is no one in ch

it was controlled into last friday by your properties or your activities at the american army. it's a very good loss of sort of the island so that it had secured the place now we can see cars and trucks moving from both sides as soon as loss of some of those surveyed even space x. has launched for us to see the international space station it said, well this is the 1st fully fledged mission for nasa by a private company. the capsule named resilience in light of this year's many challenges is due to reach the i.s.a.'s late on monday. that kicks off what nasa hopes will be a long series of crude stations between the orbiting lab and planet earth. good to have you with us here on al-jazeera, i'm helmer hitting with the headlines that have been celebrations in peru following the resignation of insulin president's manual merino. he quits after just 5 days on the job. politicians have failed to agree on a successor. reno replaced martin vizcarra. he was removed from office over unproven corruption allegations. money on a sanchez says more on peru's worst constitutional crisis. nearly

it was controlled into last friday by your property value activists of the american army. it's a very good loss of sort of the island so that it had secured the place. and now we can see cars and trucks moving from and to both sides as soon as loss of some of these surveys even several camps. so some people who fled eisel been cools down in iraq, aid groups and other non-governmental organizations say the closures are russia leaving many, with nowhere to go. similar fulton has this report from northern iraq. this is placed by the conflict against eisel. these families are headed towards an uncertain future. they are the last ones to leave camp. one of several such facilities ordered shot by iraq's government in recent weeks of already say they are leaving voluntarily. but many here see it differently. of course they forced us to swear by god. they forced me to leave this camp. we feel comfortable here. all the residents feel comfortable. families in the camps receive shelter, food, aid, and access to education and health services. 3 years after the government declared vict

but the tomb guard, as you see it, is strictly an american tradition and it's united states army. it begins just as patrick mentioned. at first there was no need for any protection but as time went on, people began to treat it as a place to visit and picnic and even sit on. and it was one gentleman, i believe a navy officer witnessed it literally went over to the white house and go over and visit the president at that time. he said a few things which started the guarding process. he was first a civilian guard and the united states army is chose ton take over the military honor guard. this is important to recognize it's a 24 hours a day, seven days a week activity. in any weather situation. you can describe some of the things you endured that, i mean, even a bee sting. >> a bee sting. >> this gets into what it's like to be a member of the honor guard tomb of the unknown soldier. i was there from 1963 to 1965. and you have the intensive training and that is intense in many different levels. mental, emotional, physical. but then they prepare you for what you will experience what they

that's when general pershing formed american officials army, first tactical unit independent of french sources. pershing met with the commander of all the allied forces. pershing had it in his mind to attack saint-mihiel using an extensive force of american troops he originally agreed to it and started to plan a major offensive he saw taking place in september of 1918 which would involve armies on the western front. he wanted per shipping to either relinquish saint-mihiel attack or reduce it. pershing was livid. they went at it in a number of meetings. finally the two of them compromised. it would be a reduced attack. the attack was set to take place september 12th of 1918. however, the major offensive, which would ultimately be the attack was scheduled for two weeks later. this meant as soon as pershing fought this operation he would have to turn around and get ready to fight a much larger operation less than two weeks later. charged with planning of the saint-mihiel attack was his g3 george c. marshall. marshall sat down with a stack of maps and created the operational orders. ultima

eastern 1997 film african-americans in world war ii, a legacy of patriotism and valor. at 11:20 eastern, the 1945 film, "the army nurse." watch american history tv, veterans day tonight starting at 8:00 p.m. eastern on c-span3. >> every saturday at 8:00 p.m. eastern on american history tv on c-span3, go inside a different college classroom and hear about topics ranging from the american revolution, civil rights and u.s. presidents to 9/11. >> thanks for your patience and for logging into class. >> with most college campuses closed due to coronavirus watch professors transfer to virtual setting to engage with their students. >> gorbachev did most of the work to change the soviet union but reagan met him halfway, reagan encouraged him, reagan supported him. >> freedom of the press, which we'll get to later, i should mention madison called it freedom of the use of the press. it is, indeed, freedom to print things and publish things not for what we refer to institutionally as the press. >> lectures in history on american history tv on c-span3. every saturday at 8:00 p.m. eastern. lectures in history is also availabl

the american army has been sent into the buffer zone on the border with mauritania to combat the area front. the group is accused of attacking trucks and extorting people, travelling through the area for independence. activists deny the claim, saying they were peacefully protesting. the operation threatens and a 3 decade ceasefire between the group and the government. still ahead on al-jazeera, the pandemic is at crisis levels. in the u.s. as it records more than 115000 new coronavirus cases in one day last the 3rd day of demonstrations in lima in support of a perilous former president. despite him being accused of corruption in the hello, the mostly fine weather continues an issue in cycling. this island here, so we'll see winter, proper snow coming through, but probably not so hot. honshu there with the chilled bracingly in sapporo. that's 9 degrees. much seems hobby, without the wind in ha, been fine with it for most of china. this rain in the south ground, all right to grungy as well, particularly as the aamco comes on land. this is the thai food is going to hit central north in v

. >> historic pictures last days of the war in europe show american and russian troops as they join to split german armies in two. the united states general reinhart meets for a certain german defeat. inside germany itself, the alliance sees the famous stadium of nuremberg with the capture of this famous city the american flag flouts out the swastika. in a symbolic gesture american troops destroy the nazi party emblem. >> american history tv and washington journal are marking the end of world war ii, the 75th anniversary of the end of world war ii in the europe theater. ve day, victory in europe day. we welcome historian rick atkinson whose final book in the guns of last light published in 2013 the final of the three books focusing on the years 1944 and 1945. and rick atkinson, to get our conversation started on ve day, just a quick time line of where things were and how they came from d-day on june 6th, 1944, in late august the liberation of paris in august 25th, 1944, the battle of the bulge in december of that year into january of 1945, and then to ve day. take us back, rick atkinson, to may 7th and 8t

signing an executive order whic will prohibit americans for investing in some 31 chinese companies that support, supply, and help moderates the peoples federation army. the president saying american money will not be used to modernize the american army. it will be new restrictions of one b uses that the president i expected to announce the negative order soon. they are sending their kids to private or parochial schools because the lock down some public schools may be able to get some money for that. now, to the lawsuit, pennsylvania a bit of a moral victory more than anyone for th chum campaign. a symbolic victory as lease is judge rules that they state in the did not have the authority to say that people who needed t show identification will have until the ninth of november to do it by the judge saying that she had no authority to do that so those votes that have been sequestered and not counted wil likely be tossed out very thick trunk campaign is looking at th supreme court is going to decid if they take it up, whether or not the supreme court of pennsylvania had the authority to order an extension past 8:00 p.m. on election night to receive mail

but the tomb guard as you see it is strictly an american tradition and it's united states army.it begins just as patrick mentioned at first, there was no need for any protection. but as time went on, people began to treat it as a place to visit and then picnic and even sit on it. and it was one gentleman -- i believe it was a navy officer -- witnessed it, literally went over to the white house, back then you could just go over and visit the president, and he said a few things to him which started the guarding process. it was first a civilian guard and then the united states army took over. >> what year was that? >> i'm going say it was -- was it '37? >> '36. >> i have the former sergeant of the guard -- >> the first civilian guard was 1925, military '26. >> i think it's also important to just recognize that this is a 24 hours a day, 7 days a week activity in any weather situation. can you describe some of the things that you endured? >> this gets into what it's like to be a member of the honor guard, tomb of the unknown soldier. i was there from 1963 to 1965. and you have the in

we needed to take the american troops and american army we were building over to france. and there was a race to quickly build ships, but another thing that's quite curious that isn't really documented in many places is that there were a number of german vessels that tried to find safe harbor in the united states at the beginning of the war. they knew that the united states was a neutral nation. they were afraid of france and england's navys as they crossed the atlantic, so they tried to find safe harbor in the united states. one of those was the u.s.s. crown prince castle. it was a german vessel that was nearly the size of the titanic. it was an oceanliner. but the german vessel also had a hidden secret. it was carrying millions of dollars of gold bouillon from germany. they captured the -- the ship goes in to bar harbor, maine, and it's seized by the government, and the crew and the passengers are interned, and for a year the ship languishes and eventually it's just a little too tempting of a target. the ship seized along with all the gold. the ship is renamed the u.s.s

we need to take the american troops and the american, army that we were building over to france.there was a race to quickly build ships. but another thing that is quite curious, that isn't really documented in many places, is that there were a number of german vessels that tried to find safe harbor, in the united states at the beginning of the war. they knew that the united states was a neutral nation. they were afraid of france and england's navies, as they crossed the atlantic. so they tried to find a safe harbor in the united states. one of those was the ss crown prince castle. but it was a german vessel, that was nearly the size of the titanic, it was an ocean liner. but the german vessel also how to seek heated secret, it was carrying millions of dollars of gold bully, and from germany. it captured the ship, it goes in into the bar harbor, maine, and it is seized by the government. and the crew in the passengers are returned. for a year the ship languishes, and eventually, it's just a little too tempting of a target. the ship seized along with all the gold. and the ship is r

so in that, the american army opened fire, not against people, but there was a fire, there was fire that was with their weapons and the police in their place are you will be responsible. and this student, these movement have broken the peace agreement, reached in 1991. and they declare they have broken, they say that there is, every mini smoker is broken. so they were nice back again since then we see right. a small movement in insider you didn't notice, we have a family 2nd, so they have to have jose and jim, what is there a sense that this could be solved diplomatically? somehow you were talking about the fact that it could escalate, especially if the u.n. mission, what's it be? recreate it. well, we don't know. it depends on the u.n. . it also depends on spain and mostly on the members of the security council, and mostly france, which is a did main ally of miracle in the un in the security council. but it's important to note too that since the beginning of 200-1000 the last year there is no, we don't have any special envoy from the un. the meters are still there, but there is no one i

so in that, the american army opened fire, not against people, but there was a fire, there was fire that was with their weapons. and the police are you in their place or you will be responsible. and this student, these movement have broken the peace agreement, reached in 1991 and they declare it broke and they say that there is a remain. the smoker is broken so they were, he's back again since then we see the friday small movement in, in fire. you didn't notice, we have a family of seconds, they have to add jose. and jim, what is there a sense that this could be solved diplomatically? somehow you were talking about the fact that it could escalate, especially if the u.n. mission, what's it be? recreate it. well, we don't know, it depends on the u.n. . it also depends on spain and mostly on the members of the security council and mostly france, which is a main ally of miracle in the un in the security council. but it's important role to that since the beginning of 200-1000 the last year there is no, we don't have any special envoy from the u.n. . the meters are still there, but there is no

because he was perfectly fluent person fore was a the american armies fighting in europe. the german counterattack against the americans in the winter of 1944-1945. briefly as a private soldier he had the job of organizing a newly liberated town in germany from the nazis. the organizational abilities made his superiors look favorably upon him. when the war finished kissinger went to college, first at hevard and that is where wrote his doctoral citation. politician atr the austro-hungarian empire. he contributed to the pacification of europe at the end of the napoleonic wars of 1815. kissinger wrote admiringly. he was somebody who perfectly understood the concept and the balance of power and the importance of using hard political realities. in theds we read about influential article. kissinger was a great believer in balance of power in politics. it has to be subordinated to current political realities. 1950's, kissinger had the faculty appointment at harvardharvard and soon got ten. he published a book -- when you got nuclear weapons use them in a way that prevented an eart

because he was perfectly fluent in german, he was a valuable person for the american armies fighting in europe. he was involved in the battle of the bulge, the german counterattack against the americans in the winter of 1944-1945. briefly as a private soldier he had the job of organizing a newly liberated town in germany from the nazis. his organizational abilities made his superiors look favorably upon him. when the war finished kissinger went to college, first at harvard and then in the harvard graduate school where he wrote his doctoral ssent -- doctoral distant tatian. -- his doctoral citation. he was a senior politician at the austro-hungarian empire. he contributed to the pacification of europe at the end of the napoleonic wars of 1815. the congress of vienna. kissinger wrote admiringly. he was somebody who perfectly understood the concept and the balance of power and the importance of using hard political realities. the kinds we read about in the influential article. kissinger was a great believer in balance of power in politics. it isn't that there is no moral components to p

joined the army and because he was perfectly fluid in german, he was a valuable person for the american armies fighting in europe. he was involved in the battle of the bulge, the german counterattack in the winter of 1944 to 45, briefly as a private soldier he had the job of organizing a newly-liberated town in germany from the nazis. -- when the war had finished, kissinger went to college, first to harvard's and then from harvard to graduate school where he wrote his dissertation on -- that is the man shown on the right. he was the senior politician in the austria hungarian empire. and he contributed to the pacification of europe at the end of the napoleon occurs in 1850. kissinger wrote admiringly about him because he was somebody who perfectly understood the concept of the balance of power and the importance of using hard political realities, the kind of things that we read about, kissinger was a great believer in balance of power politics. there are no moral components, it just has to be up to date on current political realities. in 19 fifties, kissinger who by this time had a faculty and

and because he was perfectly fluent in german, he was a valuable person for the american army's fighting in europe. he was involved in the battle of the bulge, the german counterattack against the americans in the winter of 1944 to 1945. he had the job of organizing a newly liberated town in germany from the nazis and his organizational abilities made his superiors look favorably upon him. when the war had finished, kissinger went to college first at harvard and then at the harvard graduate school where he wrote his dissertation on clemons mattenic. he contributed to the pacify indication of europe at the end of the knnepolatinic wars. he understood the balance of power and importance of using hard political realities. kissinger was a great believer in balance of power politics. it isn't that there's no moral components to political life. it's just that it has to be subordinated to current political realities. in the late 1950s, kissinger who by this time got a faculty appointment at harvard and soon got tenure published a book called nuclear weapons and foreign policy. he was interested