but he is rather trusted aide george washington. how old was general washington when he resigned from this position? >> how old was george washington when he resigned, his commission, thank you lucas for asking this question. this is one of the really important things to know about george washington, the soldier. is that george washington at the end of the american revolutionary war resigned his commission and went back into civilian life. throughout the war, he had deferred to civilian authority, although he was given more and more power by the continental congress, almost unlimited dictatorial power, where the army was. ultimately through the war, and there were even some that wanted him to become the king. or imagine there is a possibility that he might become the permanent lord protector of the united states, like oliver crumble did at the end of the english civil war. but george washington promised to give back his commission at the beginning of the war, and you follow through. the british after the successful treaty in 1783, fi

he was an aide to george washington and george washington had 25 aides through the course of the war. he was a very important aide, and washington recognized his mind and his genius, and hamilton, of course, had his close group of friends. but he wasn't indispensable to george washington by any stretch of the imagination, and he isn't responsible for winning the american whether or not and it was tested as well. washingt washington basically resigned. hamilton tried to apologize, washington refused the apology, went back in a huff to the army. hamilton basically had to beg washington to let him back as part of the campaign there. wasn wasn it's sad, and hamilton clearly would have to be recognized as a man of great valor and as a hero of the war and the fact that he did lead that assault in the yorktown campaign. he was given that command by lafayette, not by george washington. yorktown controlled that army. some people forget. the french army was led by rowe chambeau. von steuben was an american officer, then there's the french army which is over here. so lafayette is in charge of th

george washington's language shifted from this diplomatic advice, what should be communicated, to that of a policy analyst. and the more i read washington's writings, the more i see that we see him obviously as a man of action. but there's a lot of policy analysis that comes through in his letters. he was more of a planner than i gave him credit for before arriving at mt. vernon a year and a half ago. in this policy analyst mode he says that it is the cheapest as well as the least distressing way of dealing with them, the native peoples, none of who are acquainted with the nature of indian warfare and comparing it with the cost of purchasing the lands will hesitate to acknowledge. in the closing, washington is emphasizing purchase over war, peace over conflict. and washington reiterated that this policy is humanitarian but congress should think of it as a practical path forward. let me read this part. this is where he closes in his letter to james dwayne. i repeat it, again, and i am in clear -- and i'm clear in any opinion the policy and economy point strongly to the expediency upon b

that as he looked around, he only saw one person that day who looked happy, which was of course george washington, who had a look on his face that said, john adams, you are fairly in and i am fairly out. so now let's find out who is happier on this day. but washington would quietly go to private life, and i think very happily withdraw from the scene. adams himself would be inaugurated. he would have a difficult presidency because now we're really seeing the throes of political fighting going on, but it happened peacefully. we proved that constitution worked and that we could continue in times of difficulty with the system in place. in 1800, they would leave this building and move to the current capital in washington, d.c. adams and jefferson would have another difficult election, this time jefferson winning and he would be the first president inaugurated in the new capitol of washington, d.c. but these years in philadelphia are studying the tone for the rest of our early history all the way up to today. so, the room itself will start out as a courthouse. so, this would have been a courtroom, but

he looked, around he only saw one person who particularly looked happy, which was of course george washington. the look on his face that john adams you are fairly, and i am fairly out. so now let's find out who's a happier on this day. but washington would quietly go to private life. i think very happily withdraw from the scene. adams himself would be inaugurated. he would have a difficult presidency, because now we're seeing the throws of political fighting going on. but it happened peacefully, we proved that the constitution works. and we proved that we could continue in times of difficulty like this, that we could continue forward with the system in place. in 1800, they would leave this building and move to the current capital of washington, d.c.. adams and jefferson would have another difficult election, at that time. this time jefferson winning, and he would be the first president inaugurated in the new capital of washington, d.c.. but this -- these years of philadelphia are setting the tone for the rest of our early history, and all the way up to today. >> so the room itself, will start

day particular looked happy which was of course george washington, who had a look on his face and he said i'm fairly, and and year out. but washington would quietly go to private life, and i think very happily withdraw from the scene. adams himself would be inaugurated. he'd have a difficult presidency because now releasing the throws of political fighting going on. but it happened peacefully. we prove that the constitution worked. we proved we could continue in times of difficulty like this. we could continue forward with the system in place. in 1800 they would leave this building and go into washington d.c.. adams in jefferson would have in the third difficult election at this time. this time jefferson when ink and he would be the first president integrated in the new capital of washington d.c.. but these years in philadelphia are setting the tone for the rest of -- today. [inaudible] so the room itself will start out as a courthouse. so this would have been a courtroom. but around the time this room is finished construction it's actually being built during the constitutional conven

pennsylvania to sit in the back of the room and lead the constitutional convention and that will be george washington. the big hero of the day, of course, equal now to franklin as far as american fame goes, and so washington will take the lead in the constitutional convention and, in fact, the very chair in the back of the room behind me is the chair in which washington sat which is the only item in this room that we today have in this room that we know for certain was here as a part of those events. that chair was made in 1779 after the british had left philadelphia. a lot of things were gone between the americans coming and going, the british coming and going. we just don't have all of the contents of the building anymore. so pennsylvania's government has to make new furniture, including that chair for the speaker of pennsylvania. so that was in the room on that spot when washington took that position in 1787. so the virginia plan, three branches of government, somewhat familiar to us today. here's some of the issues that are going to face that plan as far as when you start debating. because other

and morris is a friend of george washington. there is a story that comes from that summer with morris and alexander hamilton and there is a bet made, hamilton makes with morris because morris slaps george washington on the back, how are you doing kind of thing, and washington prefers to bow and can be on the aloof side, especially in public. hamilton is like you're never going to do that. i bet you're not going to do it. so of course he goes up and does it and washington gives him one of his glaring looks and shrinks him down and i'm sure hamilton is standing in the corner laughing like mad but gouverneur morris is the guy who's going to write that "we the people of the united states, in order to form a more perfect union" -- that famous preamble we know. at the end, you have this famous constitution. four pages, and that is all it is -- four pages. there is no bill of rights at that time. they kind of talked about it. alexander hamilton would say we don't need one, the whole thing is kind of a bill of rights. the government is

right back to george washington. in the revolutionary area of war, w were losing the brith were getting the best of us and the founders that were against alliance and against attaching ourselves to any foreign powers said, we need an alliance with the french otherwise weill lose. they helped us when the revolutionary war. few years later in 1783, britain and france go to war again a the french ask george washington how many troops, how many ships will you send across the atlantic. what does george washington do? he issues the proclamation of neutraty. heasically says despite the alliance, good night and good luck, you are on your own. that was the last alliance the united states had until after world war ii. th is how tenacious, even for george washington how this idea was. 1823, monroe issues a declaratioin which he says, no new eurean colonies in the western hemisphere. this is after many had returned to republins. they were afraid that the spanish may come back. in the conventional wisdom and the publ mind, this w

tojohn george washington handed the keys to john adams. a lwa ys keys tojohn adams. we've always had peaceful transitions of power. it's part of the democracy in the united states and its absolutely critical that the outgoing administration work with the incoming administration. for example, today we found that there was a breakthrough with a potential covid—19 vaccine. it's critical that the outgoing administration and the incoming administration and the incoming administration work together to make sure that that vaccine is available not only for more than 300 million americans but also people across the world, including in the united kingdom, so they are truly international applications for this transition to go well. briefly if you could, how nitty—gritty is the stuff that the incoming administration is not being given access to? is it codes for office doors? how much are they not going? it goes well beyond that. there is briefings, national security briefings, national security briefings, briefings on operations, foreign policy briefi

gilbert stewart's iconic 1797 portrait of george washington.ng in the east room, it's played background during some of the most memorable moments in modern american history. but this treasure was almost lost. during the war of 1812, dolley madison and an enslaved man named paul jennings, managed to take the 8 x 5 foot portrait with them as they fled the white house, shortly before it was burned by british troops. >> this thing is really big. it's not like you could just go, and run out with it. >> that hangs on a wire and you could pick it up if you had enough strength. but it was bolted to the walls, so they had to chop it out. >> reporter: the painting would return to the rebuilt white house after the war. but it was decades before anyone would think to hang another presidential portrait. >> it was considered a home. >> reporter: once again, bill almond. >> and it really wasn't treated quite as a place to revere the people who had come in the job before you. by 1857, when they decided to commission portraits of some of the missing presidents,

>> i think all of our precedents go back to george washington and even in the founding period when there distance between the presidents and the press. no press conferences, no scrums, as washington was ready to board his helicopter to go to the golf course, no press secretaries, it was still a part of the print press that in a way resembled the television dichotomy between msnbc, say, and fox news or the extremes of liberal and right-wing media on the internet. so at the beginning washington established a special relationship with federalist journalists and editors who were friendly to his administration and his policies, and sort of to top anything that we hear about today about leaks that displaced the current president, george washington had a cabinet member, thomas jefferson, who held the highest rank in the cabinet as secretary of state, who actually helped create an opposition newspaper in the capit capital, philadelphia at the time, and not only encouraged its creation, specifically that criticized the policies of george washington, but gave its editor a job in the state departme

state here is a professor of progress or a lecturer in the department of political science at george washington university. he joins us from washington. d.c. many thanks for joining us. wretched. what was your reaction to this is an announcement by egypt to release these 5 journalists. well, it seems to be politically expedient for president general sisi, for several reasons. in terms of the international scene, of course, the election of joe biden requires that president sisi soften the corners and provide a softer sheen to the regime for a variety of reasons. there has been documented women's rights abuses in, egyptian society. the l.g.b. t.q. egypt community has suffered abuses. and in terms of the international scene, there are difficulties in terms of reconciling egypt's support of the fofa are and the tobruk government in libya. and also, egypt is in the middle of a few over the grand ethiopian renaissance dam, as egypt in sudan or upstream from ethiopia. if you know and in a similar related matter, egypt is closely monitoring and who is sudan's evolving foreign policy reorientation which

>> all of our presidents, back to george washington and even in the founding period when there was a distance between the president and the press, no conference, no press conference, washington was ready to board his helicopter to go to the golf course, no press secretaries, it was still a partisan print press that in a way resembled the television dichotomy between msnbc and fox news or the extremes of liberal and right-wing media on the internet. at the beginning washington established a special relationship with federalist journalists and editors friendly to his administration and his policies and to top anything we hear today about leaks that displeased the current president, george washington had a cabinet member, thomas jefferson held the highest rank in the cabinet, secretary of state who helped create opposition newspaper in the capital. not only encouraged its creation, to criticize the politics of george washington but gave its editor a job in the state department as a translator to help make his way in the new city, to set up shop. it set the example of presidents being war

benjamin franklin, who started his own newspaper in philadelphia and quickly turned against george washingtoniciously. he employed james calendar for a while. when jefferson ascends to the presidency, he decides since he is now in washington, d.c., he leaves the newspaper infrastructure in philadelphia as it is. he creates a new jeffersonian newspaper in washington. it is pledged to support jefferson's policies, and in return they get access to news, they get to be the first news agency distributing news across the country, which grew exponentially in jefferson's administration, and was rewarded financially. jefferson had begun a policy where newspapers will be given government contracts for printing handbills and circulars, government advertisements, and the newspapers would also be hired to record the proceedings of congress. there was no congressional record until the lincoln era. so newspapers lined up for the rewards of printing the proceedings of the house and senate. they made a lot of money and there's nothing like money to seal loyalty. susan: what was the readership like during this

i wonder if we are paying for george washington's naivete right now? lished these norms, most notably the two-term presidency, stepping down and retiring from public life as the way we expect presidents to act. i think madison and hamilton abo become so much more important. i would love to see ron write a book on madison, sort of to complete his review of those people. i loved your hamilton book. as i read it, i said somebody should make an opera out of this, and then i realized they already did. i loved your washington book. but washington is very conscious that they are making it up as they go along. he says in his farewell address, he refers to the american experiment. and there is not a lot of memorable phrases from washington, but that is one. the american experiment. he knew that we were figuring this out, that we were sometimes on thin ice, and this thing could blow up, and it did with the civil war, and it could again. so i think we have to be conscious of his warning that this is an experiment and we can still blow it. >> all right. >> ron, go

mystery after a nationwide spree of destruction aimed at statues of historical figures like george washington and abraham lincoln. tonight who might have done it and why. blayne alexander reports. >> reporter: in spokane, washington, it was a statue of president lincoln splashed with red paint. in portland, a cemetery dedicated to veterans of america's 19th century war tagged with graffiti a toppled george washington statue in minneapolis. and in chicago, this statue at mckinley park. >> looks like somebody put cables around it to try to pull the statue down. >> reporter: all historic monuments and during this thanksgiving weekend all targeted by vandals. on many, a similar message, anti-colonialism graffiti no more genocide and the words land back. an apparent reference to a campaign focused on returning american land to indigenous peoples. so far in portland three arrests for defacing a grocery store, all of it reminiscent of similar backlash against confederate statues in recent years. >> the message that people are trying to deliver is that they want to see a change, a change in the syste

talking more about george washington as commander rather than the george washington who before the war which is to say the person who gives back he has achieved uccess and symbolizes the disjunction between military and political authority. washington ou have the commander. regory: one of questions we received asks about the ways the memorials come themselves with the question intertextuality for places where poets particularly to them and of course the shaw saw not just poem but other people and the question was to degree is this specifically a shaw memorial phenomenon or do poet crick kind of and literary production about many of them? thomas: the shaw memorial is an extreme case. monuments thator they-- first he should say had a tremendous kind literary ccoutrement that goes with the de dedication the many monuments poems written about them at the there were dedicated and speeches are an important part the hit repair and apparatus of monument. a big reason to have it is to ceremony and aon big part of that was a speech. that role changes over time and argue that it is increasingly s

unbelievable story about the armory and then seizing locals including great grand nephew of george washington of all people and presumably this is to browse enslaved people to their cause. washington thought they were insane or joking. how did others respond? >> john brown leaves a farm and presented himself as the cattle buyer. sending them north to market. it then it turns out that he was commonly cause also autonomy brown because he led the anti-slave battle at the first battle of the civil war because the first time organized forces, it was quite irregular. two militias went at it. this was very strange but in the case of lewis washington, his home was entered in the middle of the night by people he doesn't know, he was told he has to come with them, he has to hit over his weapons. they are told they should come along too but they should come along, they are reluctant about it. they never heard of this guy. before the raid on harpers ferry called a meeting with frederick douglass. the noted abolitionist who john brown had met frederick douglass and shared with douglas his plan for handing

then britain and france go to war again so what does george washington do? he issues a proclamation of neutrality and to despite the alliance good night and good luck you are on your own. that is the last alliance the united states has until after world war ii. that is tenacious coming to the monroe doctrine issues of deprivation this is after many spanish colonies had turned into republicans one - - and to the republic and the americans were afraid the spanish might come back and in the conventional wisdom this is a great declaration of american hegemony there was nothing of the sort in the united states did not lift a finger to defend the hegemony in the western hemisphere and a couple of years later in 1826 when the american delegation was invited to panama just for a conference about the future of republican government in latin america and the president who at that time was john quincy adams to send a delegation, congress went berserk and that we have no business interfering in the affairs of latin america in any way. that is not us or our business a str

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if george washington gave us the country by leading the revolution, and i don't think it -- it might , james madison is the most important person i think in then designing that country. washington has led the revolution. what is it is going to be? at first you get the articles of confederation government, a very weak central government, the states kind of wandering around by themselves. not unlike the last four years under trump especially with the virus. james madison is such an extraordinary figure because he doesn't appear like someone who would play such an important role. he's small, he has a weak speaking voice, he suffers from some kind of epilepsy, not real social. yet, he has brilliant political insights and he's a very good politician. a surprising combination. he's the guy who says, you know, we really need to have a constitutional convention. he reads up for four years on ancient greek republics and city, states and leagues and confederations to look for why republics sometimes don't last. how can we make a republic that lasts, that is sustainable, that doesn't fall apart.

i grew up in cambridge, you were aware that george washington had been on a common and george washington slept here you go around the country and george washington slept here, always the joke of the 30s, not just eleanor slept here but eleanor registered deeply on every single person she met, those memories just as your mother's was were lifelong and stayed with people. i grew up in a household in which i thought eleanor was related to me. i thought it -- i thought she was a relative, there was such a sense of her presence. the reason was because my mother worked for eleanor roosevelt at wgbh which was then in its infancy, public television was in its infancy, national education and television was the primitive version where in this story one half generation away -- or for 5 years from another tall, powerful woman arising in pioneer fashion on educational television named julia child from cambridge, massachusetts but right now, 1959, eleanor roosevelt decided she would have a one hour per month seminar like show that would be filled at brandeis which she cared about, she was on the board

we just talked to laura brown of george washington about the need for experience.aw come out of and now theyale, dean of the university of wisconsin law school, they know daniel tokaji joins us now. what does election law and a recount look like? daniel: it looks like a lot of different things in a lot of states, where several states are still in play. but the bottom line is that while there have been a number bysmall lawsuits brought trump and the trump campaign allies, i don't think any of them are going to decide this election, and that is really good news for our democracy. it is dubiousn -- whether several these lawsuits have any merit to them, but people are entitled to file cases if they believe there has been a violation of election law. in the cases that have been brought so far, at looks to me like all of them are small cases affecting a small number of toes, and highly unlikely make any difference in the end. lower on960, the chicago mayor daley in illinois, the reality is the real narrowness was hawaii. i believe it was 115 votes in favor of jfk. how na

in which a chance to he say purpose soria lecture in the department of political science at george washington university joins us from washington d.c. many thanks for speaking to us richard f.s.k. your reaction to this news. well it unexpected and the. end of the conflict seemingly as declared by this through this a statement by prime minister nico passing on which as you have said was highly emotional raises a set of questions and it's too early to tell by far to come to some sort of more concrete set of interpretations of that and spoke one of the things that i'm interested in is we can think about international relations is characterized by a series of bargaining and agreement possibilities and it would be interesting to see as one of the reporters mentioned what exactly the sort of agreements over and beyond the armenians having to withdraw from 7 districts in the who are car obama. are all about well this is something that is the principal question isn't it where does it where is that going to leave those ethnic armenians living in the conic how to back. yes it does and one of the things

diplomats and professor of international affairs at george washington university. armenian state security says it's foiled. an assassination attempt on prime minister nicole passion and police have arrested the former head of state security and 2 others in connection with the plot in is refusing to step down despite large protests. armenians are angry with him for signing a cease fire with azerbaijan's and 6 weeks of fighting. a peace deal gives out territory in the disputed region of nagorno-karabakh to the azeris. ethnic armenians have been torching torching their own homes as they leave villages bordering the disputed region before sunday's handover of land to baku. many have lived there for more than 20 years and are furious at having to leave from college or on the road. out of the disputed region heard reports, they came for a last pilgrimage. very soon, the monastery of that event will be off limits to armenians nestled in the mountain gorge and killed by john a district west of the enclave of the corner. that's about to be returned. but german, russian peac

i grew up in cambridge where you were aware that george washington had been on the comment in george washington was here and you go around the country and george washington slept here and it was the joke of the 30s. it's not just eleanor slept here. eleanor registered deeply and every single person she met and those memories just as your mothers was for lifelong and stayed with people. i grew up in a household which i thought allen reports that related to me. i thought she was a relative. there was such a sense of her presence. the reason was because my mother worked for eleanor roosevelt. w. c. h. was in its infancy and public television was in its infancy national education television was the primitive version to wear in this story 1/2 generation away from or five years away from other very tall powerful woman arriving in planar fashionn educational television named jul childs from cambridge massachusetts but right now in 1959 eleanor roosevelt decided that she would have a one hour. month seminar like show that would be filmed at brandeis and brandeis was the pla that she shar a gr

all right, professor jeffrey levy, professor of health management and policy at george washington university. reza live. we appreciate your time and your insights tonight. thank you and stay healthy . thank you. you do the same. thank you our, let's take a look now at some of the other developments in the pandemic, the united states has reported its highest daily coronavirus related death toll since may. the u.s. food and drug administration has approved the 1st covert 19 home testing kit. it provides results, positive or negative within 30 minutes, south australia has imposed a 6 day lockdown after a sudden outbreak ended. what had been a long period with no new infections. and japan has seen its biggest rise in new delhi cases as preparations begin for next summer's olympic games for india. where the capital delhi is considering plans to reintroduce some walk down measures following festive gatherings and a drop in temperatures. the nation as a whole is bracing for a spike in new infections, but residents in delhi have already seen the numbers go up. w. meets those on the frontline of the

a book, the indian world of george washington native american . that fascinated me as well. it felt question that world war ii is at the central conflict and shaper of the 20th century. and really, the post-world war ii era. obviously you have to understand the worldly being and to it. what came out of it to understand the time in which we live. and really the rise of the united states. the great power before the second world war. it was became the superpower after that. so understanding the cauldron that the country went through and how it changed the way art how we think and react globally. think it is really kind of indispensable grounding that you have to have if you want to be effective in the current time. >> start larson part of those writers that if he writes a book he read it . tom: yes. he's an absolutely superb writer. then they departed is sometimes is almost like reading a novel. the descriptions and and is all footnoted. he has a real talent for and again, seasoning on something to look at it more closely. we have had a lot of really find biographies of winston

the andean world of george washington. that fascinated me as well. there's no question the world war ii as the conflict and shaper of the 20th century and really the post world war ii era. obviously you have to understand the war leading up to it and understand the time in which we live and really the rise -- the united states was a great power before the second world war but it came a superpower after that so understanding what the country went through and how it changed who we are and how we think and how we act locally can really be an indispensable grounding that you have to have if you want to be effective in the current time. >> is eric larson one of those writers that if you pick up a book you he read it? >> he's an absolutely superb writer and sometimes it's almost like reading a novel. descriptions and yet it's all footnoted but he has a real talent and again seizing on something to look at it more closely. we have had a lot of really fine biographies like winston churchill and the most recent one is probably the best that another book i hav

fairly easy capture of the armey, but then seizing the local including the great grand nephew of george washington of all people. [laughter] and presumably, this is to arouse the enslaved people. washington, however, thought they were insane or joking. how did others respond? >> so exactly. is so john brown leaves a farm several miles from harper's ferry, and he presented himself as a cattle buy your. -- buyer. so he would buy cattle, fatten them up and send them north to market. he presented himself as this relatively harmless guy. and then when it turns out that he is -- he had led the anti-slavery militia in kansas territory at a battle which is sometimes called the first battle of the civil war. because the fist time organized forces fought. most of the fighting in kansas was quite irregular, but this is one where there are actual two militias that went at it. anyway, so when they discover this is the guy, oh, my gosh, this is very strange. but in the case of louis washington, his home is entered in the middle of the night by these people he doesn't know, and he's told that he has to come with

george washington is an uneducated man to the shock of the sort of voluble people around him like johnis very conscious of this, his lack of education, but the interesting thing is, i think he becomes a real good critical thinker because of it. he knows he is not well educated. he knows he is not a good writer. so he finds this kid alexander hamilton, who is a great writer, and gets him to do a lot of the writing for him during the war. jefferson is a very different guy. kind of the outlier, more greek than a roman. more into epicurean thinking about happiness than stowiccal thinking like washington. adams is this almost a woody allen-like figure, wearing his heart on his sleeve. but i think adams also has been a bit typhyped in recent years. it was a disaster as a president. his most significant act act as president was putting 25 journal is critical of him simply in jail. he just put them in jail for being critical of him. he thought that was tantamount to treason. you shouldn't criticize the president. and james madison, who i grew so fond of as i wrote this book. madison is small.

the indian world of george washington native american. the fascinated me as well.question that world war ii, is the central conflict and shaper of the 20th century. and really, post world war ii era obviously have to understand war leading into it but to come out of it to understand the time in which we live in. and really the rise of the united states is a great power before the second world war. and a superpower after that. so understanding that the cause of the country went through and how it changed who we are at how we think and how we act globally. i think it's really kind of been indispensable grounding that you have to have if you want to be an effective and current. >> is eric larson one of those writers that if you should read it. tom: yes. he's now absolutely superb writer. he's been dead. and sometimes it's like reading a novel. in inscriptions and yet, it's all footnoted. he has a real talent for and again, the season on something to look at more closely. we've had a lot of really find biographies of winston churchill. anders, was probably the best. bu

changes in the way the world works look at the 18 hundreds with the role of the executive like george washington a different president they are in washington so you come down on the side of regionalism so explain why that so we should look at the dument. >> i think justice kavanaugh captured it there are times when it has toe updated we e 27 amendments the first n were passed in the two years it was ratified the other 17 havcome a long in the last 104 years and because sometimes very important matters arise, there is a widespread view t constitution needs to be amended. it was meant to be hard it takes two thirds of the house and two thirds the senate and three quartersf the states, 38 states have to agree. it is reservedor very important matrs. that we have to dide if it is important enough to change the constitution. >> women's suffrage is extremely important and that was disenfranchised and became an franchised that was extremely important to ensure equal protection of the law for all persons. now the constitution took another 100 years basically to be reality, but overwhelmingly the consensu

colin galloway, "the indian world of george washington" that really fascinated me as well. but no question world war ii is seminal conflict and shaper of the 20th century, and really the post-world war ii era. obviously you have to understand the war leading into it, but came out of it to understand the time in which we live. and really the rise of the united states as a great power before the second world war but it became the superpower after that. so understanding the cauldron of the country went through and how they change who we are, how we think, act globally, i think it's really kind of an indispensable grounding you have if you want to be effective in the current time. >> host: is erik larson one of those writers or historians that if he writes a book you read it? >> guest: yes. he is an absolutely superb writer. and vivid and sometimes it's almost like reading a novel, the descriptions and you know all footnoted but he has a real talent. and again, seizing on something to look at it more closely. we've had a lot of really fine biographies of winston churchill. robe

had been on the comment and george washington slept here. you go around the country and george washington slept it was always a sort of joke of the '30s. it's not just eleanor slept too. alinda registered deeply on every single person she met. those memories just as your mother was more lifelong instead with people. i grew up in houston which i thought she was related to be. i thought i was related come i thought she was a little kid. through such a sense of a presence. the reason was because my mother worked for eleanor roosevelt at wpg age. wb gh was then in its infancy, public television was in its infancy, national education television was the primitive version where in this story one half generation away from or actuly maybe for five years away from another very tall, powerful woman arriving in pionee fashion on educational television and julia child's from cambridge, massachusetts. but right now, thi was 1959, eleanor roosevelt decided she would have a one hour per month seminar like show that would be filled at brandeis and braeis was

or first, president george washington, who happen to be an engineer canal. can idea. the water transportation route using to canals, erie, -- through the state of ohio that would ultimately connect new york city, hudson river, ohio and murray canal, mississippi, all the way to the gulf of mexico. in the early days in america we don't have a big federal government. so in terms of actually implementing the canal, it dependent on the states. so fortunately, the state of new york had a champion there. a fellow by the name of dewitt clinton became their commissioner and got the job done for the state of new york. then he rose to become governor of new york. ohio, facing a similar challenge in terms of finding funding, it found itself on the verge of bankruptcy. the canal project is worth more than all the valley of land in ohio. so how do you find this thing? believe it or not, the state of new york back the bonds. it was clinton that came to ohio for the groundbreaking -- for the state of ohio. why? guess what. it made a lot of beneficial difference to the state of new yo

there's been other books too, colin connolly, the indian war with george washington's native america really fascinated me as well no question world war ii is the seminal conflict and shaper of the 20th century and really post-world war i. you have to understand the war, what came out of it to understand the climate in which we live and really arise of the united states was a great power before the second world war but it became the simple power after that so understanding the cauldron the country went through and how that changed to we are and how we think, how we act globally. i think it's really kind of an indispensable grounding that you have to have if you want to be effective in the currenttimes . >> is eric larson one of those writers or historians that affects those who read it? >> he is an absolutelysuperb writer . sometimes it's almost like reading a novel. the descriptions and yet all footnoted but he has a real talent and again, seizing on something that you look at it more closely, we've had a lot of really fine biographies of winston churchill. robert andrews is probably

george washington? george mason, james madison, or aoc? and pelosi and schumer and biden, biden is a dimestore politician. he's been a politician for 47 years. the man has accomplished absolutely nothing, 39 years in the senate, eight years as vice president. are we going to reject our history? will be going to reject the agents that inform our history for joe biden who runs around and talks about unity and says he would do more on the virus when you know he would not? everything is at stake. i will close with a quote from one of the great living icons and he said on my show back in july what i see is if the election goes to biden that there is a good chance that the democrats will then control to branches of congress and the white house and considering the kinds of things they are proposing to my that could well be the point of no return for this country. we've come too far. we are too great of a nation, we have saved too many people. we have lost too many lives. think about your own ancestors. to surrender this country and one vote to a

: tell us about the founding chefs who fed the founding fathers. >> herk hercules posey was george washington's the most famous of the early run-aways. he left; was never caught. it infuriated washington. >> reporter: when thomas jefferson represented the u.s., the french court of louie the 16th, he sent for his chef. >> hemings is in their kitchen, and then eventually petitioned for his freedom. >> reporter: enslaved or free, cooking ham for others, pigs feet for themselves, samuelson said the vast majority of black chefs worked for little credit. >> they were kind of the anonymous backbone that never got acknowledged in food history. >> reporter: they served as the inspiration for the chefs and profiles of edouardo jordan. >> the talent and the skill of the african-american cook is so built in our d.n.a.s. >> reporter: jordan says he pays tribute to his ancestors at his seattle restaurant, june baby. >> ox tails, this is louisiana-style gumbo. this is true southern food at its best. >> reporter: jordan is a classically-trained chef. when he opened his first restaurant, featuring european cuis

fascinated by them and there have been other books, calling callaway book the indian world of george washington as native american, that fascinated me as well but no question world war ii is a seminal conflict and shaper of the 20th century and really the post-world war ii era and obviously you have to understand the war leading into it, what came out of it to understand the time in which we live in the united states was a great power before the second world war but it became the superpower after that, so understanding calls from the country went through and how it changed to we are, how we think, how we act globally is really an indispensable grounding which you have to have if you want to be effective in the current ti time. >> is eric larson one of those writers are historians if you write the book, you read it. >> yes, he is an absolutely superb writer and vivid, sometimes it's almost like reading a novel, the descriptions and yet it's all footnoted but he has a real talent and again, seizing on something to look at more closely, we've had a lot of really fine biographies of winston churchi