sirica verner, an ear, nose, and throat surgeon, and karthik is a research fellow at the council on energy and environment and water. welcome to each of you karthik. i'll start with you if i may, this pollution appears every autumn. it's not new. why is it still happening? and why is it getting worse? i think it's happening everywhere, primarily because you know, this is when the winter sets in. so it's as much of me to phenomenon as it is a manmade phenomenon and says basically that this pollution exists around. it just manifests itself in such a worse manner in the windows. so the pollution, the dependence on private vehicles, they the management of solid waste in the city state of delhi. incessant burning of waste that happens because it's not collected in this post off in an appropriate manner and construction, dust and debris. all of these big sources of pollution which don't get addressed, you're around and it just comes up, you know, in a much bigger way. and i think it will be episodic incidences of proper ning, and the valley fire crackers, all of these add to it. so i think they'