quite a few african-american usually the owners of african-american newspapers, african-american business leaders, they still tend to vote republican. it is not really until the civil these act that you see huge majorities of african-americans voting for the democratic party. and the southern strategy of theard nixon, of seeing disaffected white democrats in the south absent with civil rights reforms, this was low hanging fruit for republican politicians. it is not until you see the southern strategy, which takes hold in subsequent electoral campaigns and gop administrations, that you see the overwhelming majority of african-americans voting the democratic party in national elections. i think jimmy carter got something like a touch of 10 black voters. like eight out of 10 black voters. and it has been higher in other cycles. stan: i think passage of the civil rights act of 1964 of 1964 and the voting rights act in 1865 laid -- played an e normous role in that realignment as well. professor gaines: no question. lbj felt there were political hits the democratic party would take in the south

political behavior is that african-americans support -- african-americans supported women's suffrage. african-american civil rights leaders who were male, think w.e.b. dubois supported women's suffrage because they felt that then enfranchisement of women would benefit african-americans and so the problem was that the women's suffrage movement at that time was racially polarized and you had women suffrage from the white south who really opposed -- who supported the disenfranchisement of african-americans and opposed the enfranchisement of black women and so the northern wing of the women's suffrage movement, of course, was more sort of racially diverse and african-americans supported women's suffrage because they knew that would be to the political benefit of -- of the group pf african-american women were able to vet in some places and nationally they were able to vote in local elections and so african-americans are using the vote and they're -- and some of these folks are actually products of the great migration. they have a political memory that goes back to reconstruction and so th

roosevelt in which the majority of the african-american vote and of course the african-american voteis concentrated in the north, where african-americans, you know, had voting rights, had the right to vote. the 1936 election was the first election in which a majority of the black vote voted for the democratic party in the national election instead of the republicans. so that was -- that was a trend and i think, you know, the majority of the african-americans are voting democratic, but, you know, there are still quite a few african-american republicans usually the owners of african-american newspapers, african-american business community leaders, they still tend to vote republican. it's not really until the civil rights act that, you know, you see these huge majorities of african-americans voting for the democratic party. and the southern strategy of richard nixon, of really, you know, sort of seeing the disaffected white democrats in the south upset with the civil rights -- it's the low-hanging fruit for republican politicians. it's not until you see that southern strategy which real

so it was shaping the experience and the ease of african americans is partly at the service of african americans and the american civil war on the western frontier. so let's talk about the markets war. the 13th amendment, which abolished slavery and it is 65, the 17th amendment which gave correction, 14th amendment in 1868 which gave african americans citizenship, and the 15th amendment in 1870 which give african american man the right to vote, the organization acts in 1866 which meet african americans a permanent part of the military. and then this era of reconstruction where there was a upend in the life and the progress of african americans. when you get to world war i, there is not this idea that we want to put african americans on the battlefield after what happened in the civil war, there was an uptick. and also, there is a fear to not arm large groups of african americans. so during world war one, the push was to use african americans largely in the services of supply. there were two african american divisions. but i also want to back up and talk about the first interpretation,

i just mentioned that to suggest that african americans, older african americans and particular havehis history of voting for the republican party. the republican party was still seen as the party of wicked. emancipation in black rates. it wasn't until 1936 election have frank roosevelt in which the majority of the african american votes was concentrated in the north where african americans had the right to vote. 1936 election was the first election for the majority of the black vote voted for the democratic party in the national election. so that was a trend, and i think even in these years the majority of african americans were democratic, but still there were quite a few african americans republicans, usually owners of african american newspapers, african american business community leaders. they still tend to vote republican. it is not really until the civil rights act that you see this huge majority of african americans voting for the democratic party. the southern strategy of richard nixon of releasing the disaffected white democrats of the south upset with civil rights -- a lo

african-american to graduate. so when she graduated, nobody in alabama would provide her job. so ultimately, she gets a job with the department of justice and washington, d.c. the school did ask her to come back to do the commencement address, and she did to make a long story short, the theme of her commencement address was you must always be prepared because you never know what door you may have to walk through. and that is the story of ms. vivian malone jones, who opened a lot of doors. the city made this and that is the story of honorary vivian malone jones ms. vivian malone jones, who way as a complementary to the opened a lot of doors. the city made this honorary vivian malone jones way as a complementary to the historical marker in place in historical marker in place in front of where the homestead front of where the homestead used to be. used to be. h roger williams grew up in louisiana on a sugar plantation. he wants to be a pharmacist. he goes to pharmacy school, comes to mobile and opens a pharmacy right

republicans , usually the owners of african-american newspapers, african-american business community leaders. they still tend to vote republican. it is not until the civil rights these hugeu see majorities of africans -- african-americans voting for the democratic party. the southern strategy of richard seeing theally disaffected white democrats in the south upset with civil-rights reforms at -- as low hanging fruit for republican politicians. that uchern strategy the overwhelming majority of african-americans voting for the democratic party in national elections. i think jimmy carter got something like eight out of 10 black voters. it has been higher in some voting cycles. passage of thehe voting rights act in 65 played an enormous role in that realignment as well. dr. gaines: no question. lbj felt there was some political hits the democratic party would take in the south, but those would be offset by the gains. stan: another great question here -- how did the passage of 19209th amendment in renting women the right to vote impact men and women of color -- granting women the right to

in 1898, myths of immunity -- of african-american workers. military medical discourse viewed black men serving in the european theater as flagrantly venereal. punitive attempts by military officials to discipline the bodies and desires of african-american soldiers indicate the idea of the negro venereal has consolidated in the civil discourse with all the coherence of a species. tos stigma merged contradictory ideas -- immunity and contagion. into the figure of the african-american military worker and played a central role in the technical, biological and political regulation and containment of black soldiers abroad. importantly, the racist management of african-american soldiers in france was far from a totalizing project. lack soldiers own practices signified on the trope of an aerial subversion by appropriating the discourse contagion that rationalize their regulation and control. actors in theas european operation, thousands of lack men made their own temporary escapes from white supremacists surveillance as well as the politics of respec

the african-american art and cultural district is critical in supporting african-american culture along third street in our community and across the community. i want to acknowledge my legislative staff, percy burke, for all of his work, john gibner, for working on the amendments, and larry, with the office of economic and workforce development, and evelyn, the director, and erica scott, the director of projects and programs for the cultural district, as well as all of the folks who worked hard to bring this into realization. april, ms. eloise, oscar, our local historian, and everyone who played a major role in bringing the african-american arts and cultural district into fruition. thank you so much, chair ronan. >> chairwoman: thank you so much. and if none of my colleagues have any questions, we can open this item up for public comment. >> yes. members of the public who wish to provide public comment ton this item should call 415-655-0001. 0001. if you haven't already done so, please dial star 3 to line it up. please wait until the system indicates you have been unmuted and you may be

i then end by talking about the future of african-american cooks . there is nothing stopping an african-american from being named the white house chief executive chef, so it's just a matter of the presidential taste. i go into that. first, let me begin with this cat and mouse game between the first lady and the white house physician. as you know, eleanor roosevelt was fundamentally uninterested in food. yes. she was the brainy type. on sunday night, she would have the scrambled egg dinners, which the staff called scrambled eggs with brains, because she would invite intellectuals over to talk about everything. there is a controversy whether she cook the scrambled eggs or just stirred them before they were served. anyway, she had these scrambled eggs a lot. they had a housekeeper, henrietta nesbitt in charge of the food. president roosevelt was on a diet. he would stray from that diet. the white house physician and eleanor roosevelt would team up to make sure he would stay on his diet. henrietta nesbitt memorialized in exchange between eleanor roosevel

at least two soldiers are african-american. i do not know which is which, but they were part of the picture for the post. and one of them was an officer. , so i think they were accepted in the posts where they were taken in. i do not have information, as far as men who may have applied and were rejected. but i think another point to make with the gar was some of those some of those men who worked as employees but were never put on a roster. so they may have served two or three years they carried a weapon during battles. but they weren't on the roster , so they were they were not officially veterans, discharge veterans. they do not qualify for pensions. a number of those men were local postso the the local veterans who knew them the local veterans who knew them accepted them and took them in , so i think that that may be a an indication that in general because they were accepted for their service. they have faced more discrimination in the community because of their race. but their service was respected. kevin: that is actually

black power means for african-americans, particularly younger african-americans, it means self reliance, racial pride, personal assertion. to white americans, it meant violence. two white americans it is a frightening proposition. remember the black pampers as being armed, but we don't remember what they were really about, which was community and power. we don't talk about free breakfast programs. we don't talk about the fact the black panthers organized transportation for family members to visit incarcerated relatives. the sickle-cell, free clinics and sickle-cell tests that are given. black power -- that is the essence of what black power was. black power has a political objective, but more important, and this is where the rock 'n' roll elements comes in, black power has a very strong cultural, a very strong cultural element. culturally speaking, the phrase black is beautiful characterized the meaning of black power in the mid-1960's and the late 1960's. it was an ethnic heritage that was embrace, not something to be ashamed of. african names, address, natural hairstyle, the afro, bec

becomelt, urban centers increasingly african-american, with african-americans living in communities with failing schools, substandard housing, and most importantly, increasingly strained, which are already bad, but increasingly strained relationships with local police. these are elements that their -- theseal movement are elements of the traditional movement that civil rights legislation did not address. literally days after the last legislative victory of the movement, the voting rights act, we have the most destructive race riot in america since 1919. occurred in the los angeles neighborhood that was known as watts. as dr. king later said, the riot is the language of the unheard. urbanr me, what these riots revealed are the limits of that legislation i just addressed. atts goes up in flames, beginning late august 1965. reason the at the watts riot begins, if you look at the event that begins it, you are sort of missing the issue of de facto segregation. the event that begins the watts riot was the spark that ignites a tinderbox that had been building and building and building for years

a large minority of african-americans in new orleans. these were business people and educated people of all stripes in the reconstruction era and they were on the scenes of one of the events that i write about, the mechanics institute massacre and i've identified a family whose ancestors were nearly killed at this massacre and asked with their permission if i could tell some of their family history and for them, too. it's not uncommon that a family who experiences the trauma of night riding or lynching or abuse, generations later have this memory intact, and this was the case with one of the families that i meant-- went to visit and they, i think with some sense of discovery and renewed appreciation wished to share the story of their family's experience. so, i think that -- and at a micro level with individuals and individual families, it does provide some kind of m medicinaal effect. >> i appreciate that. in your first book about you particularly the latest book, showing how intertwined african-american experiences with white experience

i end by talking about the future of african-american cooks. there's nothing that's stopping an african-american from being named the white house chief executive chef. it's a matter of the presidential taste. i go into that. that's how i end the book. first, let me begin with this cat and mouse game between the first lady and the white house physician. as you know, eleanor roosevelt was fundamentally uninterested in food. yes. she's the brainy type. on sunday night, she would have the scrambled eggs dinner, which the staff called scrambled eggs with brains. she would invite intellectuals over and they would talk about everything. there's controversy about whether eleanor actually cooked the scrambled eggs or just stirred them at the last minute before they were served. she had the scrambled eggs. the white house housekeeper was the one in charge of the food. the president was on a diet. often, he would like to stray from the diet. the white house physician and eleanor roosevelt would team up to make sure he would stay on the diet. henrietta in

he focuses his remarks on the african-americans who worked for president roosevelt. >> good morning. my name is kirsten carter and i am the supervisory archivist at the fdr presidential library, and on behalf of the library, i'd like to welcome you again to the 2017 roosevelt reading festival. fdr plans for the library to become the premier research institution for studying the entire roosevelt era. the library's research room is consistently one of the busiest of all of the presidential libraries. and this year's group of authors reflects the wide variety of research down here. and if you love the roosevelt reading festival, and want to support this and other programs that we do here, i encourage you to become a roosevelt library member. you can join today at the membership table in the hall or online at fdr library.org and if you haven't already please do go see our new special, temporary museum exhibition, images of internment, the incarceration of japanese americans during world war ii. so let me quickly go over the format for the festival's sessions today. at the top of each hou

the short answer, in the african-american community specifically, 65% of the wealth of african-american families goes to servicing student loan debt. many of our families don't have the option of actually going and using the equity in their home and borrowing at a low cost, so they have to turn to some of the private loans that typically have a higher interest rate, based on where their jobs are located. african-americans are likely to take -- make a little less money and have more debt on average, so that cycle is frankly a spiral. if you have a sick parent, you change your job, and those payments are still do. that is a problem. ist of what we have to do think realistically about it and say the vast majority of student loan debt gets paid back to the student government. this is a problem the government can solve. answer is to free our young people so that they can do things like become, not be crushed with student debt, borrow money to start a business, start on their wealth creation buying a home or securities or areas that create long-term economic benefit for their community. if yo

-under department of african-american studies is very young.t cohort of bas in african-american studies just a few years ago. and it had everything to do with the "black lives matter" movement and how it evidenced itself on our campus with black and brown and tie verse student bodies -- diverse student bodies and allies holding the university account able and demanding that the university in some ways catch up and it's in that context that african-american studies came into existence. >> host: to follow up on that, here's a text from. anita mitchell, member of the princeton theological seminary alum. dr. flawed, why didn't they name the woodrow wilson school at princeton after michelle obama instead of melody. >> guest: well, they depend name the woodrow wilson school of melanie hobson. one of the residential hauls has been named after melanie hobbs. so, i don't -- i'm not invested in who they name it of. i just want the -- it to reflect the diversity of the world we live in and that's what is important to me. we'll see what happens, how the sc

"african-american religion, a short introduction", 2014. "democrat in 2016, and then uncommon faith, pragmatic approach to african-american religion and professor glaude's most recent book, "begin again, james baldwin's america and its urgent lessons for our own" is brand new this year. here is how you can participate in the program this afternoon. 2 if you have a question or a come for eddie glaude and 202-p r 748-8201 in the pacific time zone and also participate in social media. number one, our text line 202-748-8903. send a text, please include your first name your city if you would. all of our social media sites, facebook, twitter, instagram pat book tv is our handle and you can post a comment there and we'll begin taking calls and comments in just a minute. professor glaude is chair of the department of african-american studies at princeton. what's the importance of having a separate african-american studies program? at a university? >> i think it's absolutely critical because african-american studies is a clearly defined field of inc

a positive .hey vote for people you have african-americans who are elected to non-majority african-americandistricts. that is a bit of a new trend. being an african american not something that will the quality -- disqualified them. -- disqualified them. that is all you want. for people to look and understand and it has long been the case that african american members of congress mostly represented majority african-american, majority people of color districts, and that trend is evolving to some extent. i would say as many as 60 black members of congress, i think the nexus is probably nearing 40. it's very strong representation. closer to representing the united states. caller: hi, mr. morial. i am just not that familiar with the national urban league. can you explain to us exactly how it was created? why it was created? was it created in new orleans? i'm not familiar with it. guest: so, the national urban in 1910 infounded new york city. it was founded by an african-american phd social georgiay the name of mccain's, and a white woman who was a suffragette and philanthropist and they rounded

[applause] his second book, president 's kitchen cabinet, story of the african-americans who have fed our first families from the washingtons to the obamas, was published on president's day 2017. let's welcome our author. [applause] >> yes, he's a friend of mine. [laughter] well good morning -- it's so great to be here at the president roosevelt presidential library to talk about this subject. i want to give you a little bit about my background. how i came to write this book, on african-american presidentialship, and instead of my typical presentation where i would go through clips, i'm going to focus on those who clipped for president roosevelt and great stories there. so i was born and raised in denver, colorado, and as you heard i wrote a book on history of soul food and given where i grew up that loses street credit on that subject immediately. but i have two southern parents my mom is from chattanooga, , tennessee, and my dad from arkansas, so this is the food i grew up eating while i was researching that book on history of soul food that african-americans who have cooked for our

it's not enough to say we should talk about the african-american story, we need to have african-american perspectives. and ernie did a lot to make sure that happened for the 150th. >> it's a remarkable accomplishment. i suspect there are other civil war parks engaged in similar outreach, but during the ceremony, i remember ed came down and spoke and other academics. but the point being everybody working together and bringing, as you just mentioned, stake holders, right? shareholders in the park bringing them together is remarkable. so beth, i'm a visitor at the park, i come to you. and you tell me the civil war as a revolution and say mr. robinson was a slave and got the right to vote. and you point out that those enslaved people are now workers, they're not being treated fairly, but they're still trying to get a wage. and i say to you, ms. parnicza, don't tell me this is a revolution. because when lee surrendered, they didn't hang him from an apple tree. the -- those confederate soldiers, they had to go through a formal surrender process and maybe that was humiliating, but they were all

>> the deep south this part of the deep south louisiana was about 52% african-american, the majority of the african-americans were enslaved of course when the civil war was just warming itself and there was a relatively white society of slavery holders perhaps 15% of the population and that large working-class population. he was a ship carpenter had been slaveholders of some degree. i think they enslaved eight people. his grandparents had enslaved something like 30 or 40 people so he is a person that experienced a glass slide. he became i think i never found any letters or diaries of his but he found his status had been robbed of him and like many southerners of the day they turned this resentment and frustration into a rage directed to people of color who had become emancipated and entered a public sphere. >> the civil rights act gets passed over the veto and getting civil rights to black people is favoring black over white, and you immediately get white democrats organizing to promote white supremacy and you talk about how it gets shaped and is very much shaped in opposition to the

this complex tapestry control millions of african american dollars and it expanded the boundaries of their dream. during the great migration, the first great migration around world war i, however, the increasingly urban and northern black population packed the capacity of these financial institutions, so it was frayed and worn in places and the boundaries of those dreams fixed. so the strategies, the st. luke finance corporation chose to promote reflected some of these anxieties about black women's bodies in these new urban spaces. there were these conflicting tensions that saw black women as both the victim but also the forces of social disorder, as both in need of financial protection but also new economic opportunities. so working women demands stretched these financial institutions like the independent order of st. luke. they desired better career options and housing choices. they rejected these efforts to police their behavior and the way they spend their leisure time. so these would be called new negro women were attracted to the promises of investment as a vehicle for civic in

to enter what's been very nice about what the democratic party thinks of african-american men of this is not something new you know of also you can go back to reverend jesse jackson statements afterwards obama will do what the word so has its top notorious statement off camera about feeling castrated by the democratic party and not advocating you know african-american issues the problem with all the. army are important to black men. somehow it gets the base of the democratic party african-american men are generally more fiscally conservative they're more interested entrepreneurship they're more interested in family values of them perhaps one of progressive base so the idea is to get them to be quiet long enough so they can bridge so you can convey the support from other parts of your base and keep taking that can down the road so we're going to have to happen and what we're going to call come to jesus meeting where the democratic party sits down and finds out what gender i don't they can actually put forward that will that will help african-american men but also one that moved through

voting rights, one that they will partner in with african-american men. it is a movement that will continue to, on one hand, work the ground game of women's politics, perhaps best exemplified by the work of african-american women in the city of chicago, who will not only become important republican opportunists, but will use their power at the ballots to see to it that for the first time since 1901. in 1928, the african american candidate would be elected to congress and head to washington. black women learned how to use the voting power that they have to change the outcome, particularly on the local and state level. they will be part of the legal campaign waged by the naacp, that campaign that will bring an end to poll taxes, to rights in the primaries, to grandfather clauses. this effort both lobbying and litigation on the part of naacp will be a critical part of the story. these are the women, these are the seeds of women's work that continues into the modern civil rights era, the dangerous work that we associate women like fanny lou hamer, diane nash,

i am an african-american. i am an american. if you invest in my community, i -- in my community, my community returns tenfold, 20 fold to the greater community. white people are going to have to start understanding that. we are not trying to replace white people. there is not some grand design to genocide white people away. we don't want to shut down all white businesses, but when we say we went fair and equitable opportunity, it simply means, don't hinder us from the start and ask us what is wrong at the end. don't say there is no pipeline when you know most bankers have been involved in lacrosse. i was like, that is why my white friends want to play lacrosse? i was like man, i would sign my kid up for lacrosse and not football. if we don't do those very simple things of opening the door, and on a very individual level, the same way ursula got that call at 3:00 in the morning, i got that call. mike, what do i do? that call should not be a distraught call. it should be an engaged call once a week saying, ursula, what do you thi

at the heart of african-american studies in the country. he's one of our most gifted minds. to see him handcuffed, to see him handcuffed on his own porch, this is crazy. >> police say gates was exhibiting loud and tumultuous behavior. the report also says gates was calling the police racist and shouting, "this is what happens to black men in america." >> it became a confirmation at least for me that no matter your standing and station in life you can get reminded very quickly of who you are in relation to some folks. >> i've had enough. >> prosecutors dropped the charges against the professor and the city of cambridge calls the incident regrettable and unfortunate. >> we are here today to support professor gates, to demand apology from the cambridge police department -- >> i think president obama understood some of the dynamics and some of the -- not so much the fear but some of the suspicion between african-american community and police, a historic sense of distrust. and this was ab opportunity to hear him articulate that. >> good evening. please be seated. >> president oba

african-american religion, very shorten throw ducks in 2014. democracy in black, how race still enslaves the american soul. 2016, and in 2018 an uncommon faith, a pragmatic approach to the study of african-american religion came out, and professor glaude's most recent book, begin again, james bald win's america and it urgent lessons for our own issue is brand new this year. you can participate in the program this afternoon. you can do it by phone, (202)748-8200 in east and central time zone. if you have a question or comment for eddie flawed. and (202)748-8201 for those in the mountain and pacific time zones. you can also participate via social media. number one, our text line. (202)748-8903. send a text, please include your first name and your city if you would. and on all our social media sites here at booktv, facebook, twitter, instagram,@booktv is our handle and you can post a comment there and we'll look at those as well. we'll begin taking calls and comments in just a minute. professor glaude, is the chair of the department of african-ame

men of the african-american community that's what i think people beside us all but this idea that simply we're going to stick a black guy here and that's going to be enough if things don't change on the ground you know we had a black president for 8 years and many african-american men feel that not enough with the environment sort of the particular position that they are what will be involved but if you start tackling those systemic issues that over incarceration african-american men the over criminalization of the system the criminal justice reform entrepreneurship efforts that will help restore the black man's ability to be the head of household and part of the family again remember in the 1970 program to put in place that were meant to help help black women but what the result of that was that it made it more economic and had been paid just to not have a black man at the hall because you're seeing more governmental assistance by being a single parent versus being into our households we have to see that systemic and hold still effort made by the government to where many of these proble

talking to famous african-american actors and they all said the same thing. economic environment is more important than police reform. well. and maybe after the election because now they are making those statements speaking to nba players and the one thing they say is that they like school choice and opportunities to get the community a better way forward to de-escalate on a daily basis frankly with the liberal actors and athletes to reinforce the same thing my conservative friends say all the time. that tells me there is a reason to be optimistically hopeful about what we can accomplish over the next several months if we have the color line decide inserted think as one american family. we will do things that will shock the world. >> your optimism of access and it's so good to hear someone who is willing to reach across the aisle to talk to anybody and fix problems. i want to thank you so much for taking the time to share your perspective on this vitally important issue. it's an issue that in some ways is an outcome and so is important to remember. with a pub

. >> definitely, this is a really, you know, blow to the african-american community, to african-american women, to women in general, and i think it's -- is really challenging to put it in words, but it was definitely a surprise and it's an unfortunate situation as we are trying to move this country forward and making sure that black lives truly matter and that african-americans have a seat at the table, especially african-american women, after what was done in this race on a national level definitely is unfortunate. >> whoo. carla, those are some strong, strong words. can you unpack that for us? >> well, look. latinos are celebrating today. this is a very big day for latinos in california but there are some broken hearts. there's no doubt about it. african-american women know that they helped elect joe biden and kamala harris, that they are critical in the upcoming senate race in georgia and they're being asked to do a lot of heavy lifting and for that reason london breed and many african-american women like dr. shirley weber in the assembly, were saying this seat belongs to an african-a

our department of african-american studies is very young. we just graduated our first cohort of ba's in african-ameran studies just a few yes ago and had everything to do with the black lives matter movement and how it evidence itself in our campus with black andrown and diversed student bodies and allies holding the university acuntable and demanding that th university in some ways catch up that african-american are in existan. >> to follow up a text from anita mitchell, member of the seminary alum. why didn't name woodrow wilson school after michelle obama instead of melony. >> one t of the residential hals has been named after melony hoffman. look, i don't know -- i'm not investing in who they name after in that sense. i just want the environment to reflect the diversity of the world that weld live in and thas what's important to me. we will see what happens, how the school eventually celebrates its alumni michelle obama. we will see in the course of the years. >> this is tina in bethesda, maryland. which one work by james baldw would you

one is african american-based memory of the march.hat is that it was a high point of the nonviolent civil rights movement. a lot of the understanding about the danger of nonviolent protest at that time and the opposition to nonviolent protest at that time. a lot of people forget that white business owners here in d.c., congressman sent their secretaries home early fearful that all these black people in the city would in fact create a riot environment and people would be subject to robbery and rape and all of these other crimes. large numbers of white d.c. residents cleared out. to me looking back, that seems bizarre because the city was majority black at the time but i digress. there is an african-american memory that holds some of that alongside the rhetoric of king in our popular understanding. i am borrowing from other historians who have looked at the ways in which conservatives have molded a memory of the march and what they essentially say. this is conservatives of all races and different political parties. they essentially say

african-americans lost millions of dollars of their deposits. i just want to say, in my book i really try to look at how african-americans use the bank. especially black women. how they subverted some of the plants and visions, the limited economic visions of these trustees to bend the bank to meet their needs. also i want to point out two points, one that black women never abandoned their own economic network that they have forged, you know, through slavery and after. you know, put the freeman's bank in that network and the second think that even though it was devastating, not just to black wealth, but also devastating for people to lose as a symbol of, you know, progress and citizenship and opportunity and freedom for them to lose that bank. it convinced them that they needed to control their own financial institution. the upside of the closing of the freeman's bank is i think that it really jumpstarted the black banking movement with the first in 1888. >> we have one final question that we have four. it is by nancy wheeler. she thanks you and

so it includes a lot of work about african-american businesses that i have contributed there. there are all kinds of books and articles that you can find there as well and and i will be sureo send that link. >> thanks so much. >> thank you. >> of the half of of us at the museum, cfaa of course gabelli, up thank you so much the way to terrific one hour with you. so informative. we know we hear a lot more from you in your career, so exciting. thank you. >> thank you. >> professional leaders reached an agreement on covid-19 relief and government funding for 2021. the coronavirus portion is estimated to cost nearly $900 billion and includes and includes $600 in direct payments to individuals who qualify in the march distribution, an additional $300 per week in jobless benefits. a one-month extension on evictions, small business loans as well as billions for schools, faxing distribution and transportation. 2021 spending is also in a plane. $1.4 trillion package funds $4 trillion package funds the government through next september. it is being turned into bill before putting it befo

but they also teaching african-american history but they also teaching african-american history. >>caller: good afternoon. eddie glaude, eddie glaude, eddie glaude, you are so talented and deliberate. i have are watching you for while the snap one - - i cannot pronounce his name bad china has to include to along the line of how he is as well. tell me about the scam going on around the black lives matter version and to defend the police meeting how they tried to separate it is and also how is said? i remember he wanted to go out and protest with the church that situation. host: we would get the answers what do you mean when you say the scam? >>caller: she is gone sorry about that. >> i have an idea. first of all thank w you for your kind words and asking about my son he is thriving and in california working for defend the public service in the bay area he wants to be a public defender of god bless him. i'm very proud. the first question i think she means the wayay it is scapegoated as the why of the slogan the way the police but conservative centrist democrats and in conservative

amy: of course, the vice president-elect kamala harris, the first african-american and african-americanman vice president in u.s. history, and she was injected by patricia cummings. she was vaccinated by this african-american nurse who was the daughter of guyanese immigrants. significance, dr. joia crear perry, of seeing this image, clearly in the black community of washington, d.c., being vaccinated by a black woman, the black woman vice president, the assage that is being sent african-american studies show are perhaps 40% are now willing to get a vaccine -- what do you think needs to be overcome for the black communities to feel more comfortable with this vaccine, given the history you said, for example, marion sims, considered the father of modern gynecology, experimenting on enslaved women? >> the first thing is that we don't need to go out trying to convince people to get the vaccine. we need to honor and hear their questions, answer the questions, and in some cases, the answer to the question could be "i don't know," because there is a lot we still don't know about the long-term e

i'm not even going to say african american because that hybrid excludes people. black american people if you're black you're part of the you could be biracial, multiracial, you're at in a fight is black and you know the community you are an end but that is what malcolm did for us. anything about doctor king, doctor king's notion of citizenship will be different. king is the defense attorney. he's a sending white people, black people to white people. we think about doctor king king is talking about citizenship that is very robust, not just voting rights, not just end of racial segregation but citizenship for him means guaranteed living wage and decent housing and talked about food justice, environment of justice and citizenship for king means racial integration and i think malcolm got that aspect just wrong. for king it wasn't about he wanted to hang out with white folks but king understood that racial integration meant and integration of resources and our redistribution of resources and justice. we think about things like george floyd and we think about ahmad aub

it demonstrates the ways that investing was popular and accessible for most african-americans and it also revealed a commitment to the working middle-class self-help still banking on freedom i highlight black people's participation in investment and even get rich quick schemes. but $1.2 million, thousand dollar loans and these swanky affairs cannot explain on their own the dramatic rise so amounts that large might also reveal some creative financing but in the interest of time i won't go into detail but i do go into those schemes that the ladies of the corporations experimented with to raise these impressive psalms in such a short amount of time. the economic downturn coupled with past investigations like marcus garvey and the improvement left the creative financial schemes of other organizations that included the independent order of st. luke's vulnerable to state scrutiny and that is what happened. the state attorney general began an investigation and after just two hearings, the court determined the order was insolvent and ordered the district to sell its real estate holdings so j

i was talking to some famous african-american actors, and they all said the same thing. economic empowerment is more important than police reform, senator. i was like, while mac. when you say that publicly, well, maybe after the elections because they got lit up on cnn for making statements contrary to the current dialogue, political dialogue on the left. i've spoken to nba players, nfl players, actors, all on the african-american committee and one thing they say is that things like school choice, opportunity zones tied together gives the community a better way forward which in and of itself de-escalate the situation they face on a daily basis. i was stunned frankly by some of the liberal actors and athletes that were reinforcing the same thing that my conservative friends say all the time. that tells me there's reason for us to be optimistic and hopeful about what we can accomplish over the next several months if we put politics to the side, the color line to the site, the blue uniform and the black skin, put all that to the site and start thinking as one american famil

he was the first african american school from the mclain house. it's a stone throw from the park, within the area that we are talking about. that schools threatened by the clan as was the schoolteacher, we can talk about the opportunities that can go terribly wrong if you take advantage of those opportunities. so what kind of piece was brought? >> i think that it is a powerful response to anyone who comes to appomattox and claims that the war was a great tragedy and that the loss of life did not end up with any profound consequences. black schools, the klan, these are all things and i'm not trying to suggest that for african americans that they're initiation into citizenship was complete. no one is suggesting that. but what you pointed out is something that is on the ground that you can really get a hold of. and it's very powerful. >> absolutely. >> beth, wood is one of the greater challenges to -- is it the idea of how it ended. is it that idea of once in a while you have visitors who truly believe the way we thought of it in the 1960s with the -

especially african-american women in the senate, definitely this is a real blow to the african-american community, to african-american women, to women in general. i think it is really challenging to put it in words, but it was definitely a surprise and it's an unfortunate situation as we are trying to move this country forward and making sure that black lives truly matter and that african-americans have a seat at the table, especially african-american women after what was done in this race on a national level. definitely it is unfortunate. >> thank you. the next set of questions come from christian captain with kccu. where do we stand and what can be done to help san francisco public schools reopen? >> this is, of course, been really hard, but let me just start by saying because i know a number of teachers have been concerned that they don't feel supported because they are still doing distance learning in the best way that they can. and this is not to say that teachers are not doing their part, but what we're being asked to do by the teachers union specifically is just not realistic. an

there aren't television shows that feature african-american characters. there aren't -- there are radio programs -- actually, there are some television programs that have african-american characters, but they're very much indebted to the old traditions of black face, to racist caricature. so they don't have the sort of representation in the broader mass culture in a positive way. but at the same time, the cold war really provides them with a kind of opportunity for organizing, because if america's going to stand for freedom, whatever that means, whether that's the freedom to buy all the appliances you want or listen to whatever music you want or to choose your own political representatives, african-americans have a police to put pressure, they have a kind of global stage, if you will, if a cold war gives them, and they can use that centralized vision of what america is against white americans to say look, how can you possibly see yourselves as a global champions of freedom when you are oppressing these folks who are americans, too? who have, by every cons

the african-american art and cultural district is critical in supporting african-american culture along third street in our community and across the community. i want to acknowledge my legislative staff, percy burke, for all of his work, john gibner, for working on the amendments, and larry, with the office of economic and workforce development, and evelyn, the director, and erica scott, the director of projects and programs for the cultural district, as well as all of the folks who worked hard to bring this into realization. april, ms. eloise, oscar, our local historian, and everyone who played a major role in bringing the african-american arts and cultural district into fruition. thank you so much, chair ronan. >> chairwoman: thank you so much. and if none of my colleagues have any questions, we can open this item up for public comment. >> yes. members of the public who wish to provide public comment ton this item should call 415-655-0001. 0001. if you haven't already done so, please dial star 3 to line it up. please wait until the system indicates you have been unmuted and you may be

he helped build six schools for african-american children in rural alabama. this partnership ultimately sparked the creation the rosenwald foundation which constructed more than 5,300 rosenwalt schools across the south. by 1928, one in every five schools across this south was a rosenwald school, providing education to african-americans in the south through through 1940. many americans are unaware of the contributions jewels you rosenwald and the rosenwald schools made to the country. i thank the gentleman for this effort. i reserve the balance of my time. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman from arizona reserves. the gentleman from virginia is recognized. mr. wittman: i yield myself such time as i may consume. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman is recognized. mr. wittman: h.r. 3250 would require the secretary of the interior to conduct a resource study of the -- with -- of the sites associated with jewels you rosenwald. jewels you rosenwaled was born in 1862 while abraham lincoln was president, in a house just a block away from lincoln in springfield,