get your free polio shot today at hershey's store. . a simple injection means polio protection. let's make columbus the best vaccinated city in america. children bring your parents, and parents bring your children. her store. >> days after the program was first announced, television and news members gathered to records the grand opening of the polio station on the main street of the city. the mayor was there. he got the first shot. ♪ ♪ and then another. surrounded by photographers. nursing schools use the campaign as a training ground for potential nurses. the mayor -- wasn't extremely pleasant start. a good omen for the campaign. >> children bring your parents and parents bring your children. get your free shot today at 12 and broadway. >> good publicity depends on taking advantage of unusual situations. this action made the front pages. clubs had immunization parties. they came in groups to get their shot. ♪ ♪ -- i had a big following. >> stations were set up and selected locations. these locations were changed each day. card tables and folding chairs or readily portable. and

get your free polio shot today at hershey's store. a simple injection means polio protection. let's make columbus the best vaccinated city in america. children, bring your parents and parents bring your children. hershey's store. >> ten days after the program was first announced, television and news man gathered to record the grand opening of the polio station on the main street of the city. the mayor was there. he got the first shot. and then another for the benefit of photographers. nursing schools used the campaign as a practical training ground for student nurses. it wasn't extremely pleasant start. and good moment for the campaign. >> that's my columbus the biggest vaccinated city and america. children, when your parents. and parents, when your children. get your free polio shot today at 12th and broadway. >> good publicity depends on taking advantage of unusual situations. this action made the front pages. civic clubs had immunization parties for groups to get their shots. there was a big following. >> mobile stations were set up and select locations and other sections o

first, polio virus is grown on tissue. since there are three important types of polio virus, each must be grown separately. second, the virus is activated separately with tort mald hide over a period of days. third, the three inactivated viruses are mixed. final ily, the mixture is bottled for distribution. now let me explain what we mean by an activation. at the beginning, there might be as many as 4 million live virus particles in a teaspoon of the substance. at the lowest point, that virus concentration can be measured. there might be only one virus particle in a quart of material. the manufacturers don't stop there. the activation process is continued beyond this point. you may wonder why the manufacturers cannot treat this vaccine indefinitely with formaldehyde for added safety. this is not possible because the vaccine loses some of its power if it is treat ed too long. a good vaccine must be made both as effective and as safe as possible. the basic theory has been that during the period of treatment with formaldehyde

polio, and the safety of the salk anti-polio vaccine, is vitally important to all of us.cientific processes are often difficult for us to understand. yet it is important we understand the results of scientific findings, so that we can be intelligent in making decisions about our own children. the public health service of the united states, whose duty it is to protect the health of the nation, is a quarter of physicians, scientists, and other professional health workers. it has served us with integrity since 1798. i have asked the surgeon general of the public health service to talk with us tonight about vaccines, and the salk vaccine in particular. he has served as an officer in service since 1930, and as your surgeon general since 1948. it is my privilege to present a distinguished public servant. >> many questions have been raised in recent weeks about the vaccine against polio. people have been asking, is it absolutely safe? does it really protect against polio? will there be enough vaccine for large-scale use this summer? i will give you the facts as i know them and g

polio? will there be enough vaccine for large-scale use this summer? i will give you the facts about the vaccine as i know them, and i want to give you some idea of the outlook for the future. first, something about the disease itself. polio occurs everywhere in this country and throughout the world. it is caused by a virus so small that its presence cannot be known except by its effect on living animals or on cells in tissue culture. nearly everyone is in repeated contact with the virus, and is infected by it at some time in his life. the disease is generally very mild and goes unnoticed. in cases that come to the attention of physicians, there is fever, sometimes a sore throat, sometimes the muscles act, but recovery is usually prompt. however in about 1% or less of these cases, the virus invades the spinal cord or the brain and causes muscle weakness or paralysis. polio brings many personal tragedies each year. it is truly a national health problem. but we should recognize that more children die each year from pneumonia, cancer and heart disease tha

the disease, polio. means of preventing it, immunization. ♪ and the actors, the people of columbus, led by their local health department. the campaign was divided into three phases. there was a statistical survey to determine who needed the polio shot. organizationsy and a publicity program, to stem you like people to actively participate in the campaign -- to stimulate people to actively participate in the campaign. immunizations offered at 30 locations in the city. let's start from the beginning from the health department. from the briefing session for the survey group. >> from community surveys we have found it is particularly important to reach preschool children and young adults. in all parts of the city we are going to examine areas, to determine whether any of these problems exist here. briefing, the survey gets underway. teams, andd into assigned areas to sample. their findings will determine the extent of the need for polio immunization in the various age and economic groups. teamss one of the a

the disease polio. the means of preventing it, and the actor, the people of columbus led by their local health department. the campaign was divided into three separate spaces. first, there was a statistical survey who determine d who needd the polio shot. then community organization and the program to stimlit people to participate in the campaign. and finally, the actual shots themselves offered at 38 different locations in the city. but let's start from the beginning. from the briefing session for the survey group. >> we have found that particularly important to reach preschool children and young adults and for this reason we visit in all parts of the city. they are going to examine various areas to determine whether any of these problems exist here. after the briefing session is, the survey gets underway. the group was divided into teams. two persons to a team and assigned specific areas. it will determine the extebt in the various age and economic groups. this is one of the teams arriving a ats an as

polio virus is grown on tissue from monkey kidneys.ince there are three important types of poliovirus, age must be grown separately. typed, the virus of each is inactivated separately, treatment with formaldehyde, days. period of inactivated viruses are mixed. the mixtures are bottled for distribution. explain -- let me explain what we mean by inactivation. at the beginning there may be as many as 4 million virus particles in a teaspoon of the substance. at the lowest point, that virus confirmation -- concentration can be measured, there might be only one virus particle in a court of material. but in practice manufacturers do not stop there. the inactivation process is continued beyond this point. you may wonder why manufacturers cannot treat vaccine fluid indefinitely with formaldehyde for safety. this is not possible because the vaccine loses some power to give immunity if it is treated too long. bothd vaccine must be made as effective, and as safe, as possible. been thattheory has during the period of treatment with from outside, th

the chances are only 1 in 68,000 will die from polio. so far this year throughout the nation in the age group from 1 to 19 there have been one and three case of paralytic polio among each 100,000. last year for the same period the rate was 1 4/10. comparable average, 1 1/10 per,0per thousand. it's too early to make a prediction, experience indicates there will be scattered local epidemics, and some may be severe. let me tell you in a few words about the development of the polio vaccine. dr. joan inas salk had the tena to create vaccine oust sum of biology and immunology. the national foundation for infant pral aralysis sported th doctor's vaccine carried through the experiment's stage and tested on a large scale last year and launched this year as major nationwide immunization program under foundation leadership 3 now i want to explain how a vaccine works, and how it is made. to acquire immunity against contagious disease, our bodies must create defenses against the bacteria or viruses which cause these diseases. these defenses are calle

polio brings many problems each year. but we should recognize that more children die each year from pneumonia, cancer, and heart disease than from polio. even without immunization in an average year the change that any individual of any year will get it is one in 7500. fwhun 25,000 will suffer permanent crippling, and 21 in 68,000 will die from polio. so far this year throughout the nation from one to 19 there have been one and three tenths cases and the belief that it is too early to make predictions, there is no reason to believe that the rate will be greater than any other year, but there may be a few scattered areas where it is higher. the national foundation for infantile paralysis. through public contributions supporting the development and the application of the vaccine. it was carried through the spiermtal teenage, tested on a large scale last year. and launched this year as a major immunization program under leadership. now i want to explain how a vaccine works and how it is made. to acquire immunity, we must hav

polio was not year-round, for the most part. people would have to avoid amusement parks, swimming pools, movie theaters, and so on in the summertime. not even in the early days did people know how polio was being spread. there was so much mystery involved in absolutely no cure. once you are paralyzed, there could be physical rehabilitation and so on, but you are stuck with what you had at that point. so people supported the idea of a vaccine. in fact, the government did not fund it. there was no funding for this project. this whole project was undertaken by the national foundation for infantile paralysis, must, linda -- most commonly known as the march of dimes, the fundraising arm, and people contributed dime by dime, dollar by dollar, in movie theaters, on street corners. mothers would march on particular evenings and come to doorsteps. so it was the people of this country, knowing people in this country made for the success not only of the first vaccine but also the second one that i described. on a longi am going time, may h

cancer, and heart disease, for instance, than from polio. even without immunization, during an average year, the chance that any individual of any age will get paralytic poliomyelitis is 1 in 7500. 1 in 32,000 will suffer permanent crippling and the chances are, 21 and 68,000 will die from polio. so far this year, throughout the nation in the age group from 1 first, poliovirus is grown on tissue from--kidneys. since there are three important types of poliovirus. each must be grown separately. second, the virus of each type has been activated separately by treatment with formaldehyde. over a period of days. third, the three inactivated viruses are mixed. finally, the mixture is bottled for distribution. now, let me explain what we mean by an activation. at the beginning, there might be as many as 4 million live virus particles in the teaspoon of the substance. at the lowest point, that virus concentration can be measured, there might be only one virus article in a court of material. but in practice, the manufacturers don't stop there. in acti

polio occurs everywhere. it is caused by a virus so small its presence cannot be known except by its effect on living animals or on cells in tissue culture. nearly everyone is in repeated contact with the virus and infected by it at some time in his life. in cases that come to the attention of physicians, there is fever, sometimes a sore throat, sometimes the muscles ache, the recovery is usually prompt. however, in about 1% or less of these cases, the virus invades the spinal cord or brain and causes muscle weakness or paralysis. it brings many personal tragedies each year. it is truly a national health problem. we should recognize that more children die from cancer and heart disease that from polio. even without immunization, the chance that any individual of any change will get poliomy it willis is one in 7 200. so far this year, throughout the nation in the age group from 1 to 19, there have been 1 3/10th cases. last year, the rate was 1 in 4/10ths. experience indicates there will be scattered local epide

in 1946, i came down with polio.as taken to the hospital, had and myrature of 105, mother set by my side until i was at a critical point, and then the doctor said i would either die the next day or be a life. well, i guess i made it, and it is because of my mother's prayers. second thing, i had a salk vaccine in about 1948, and then i got a sabin vaccine i think in 1950. there is a difference between bulbar polio and poliomyelitis. it is a mutation. i never would understand the difference between the two, but i think it relates to the current situation with the coronavirus. to,ent from corona 19 what, 50, 100? i do not know the numbers. but any information would be helpful. isst: covid-19 means it was covered in first came out in 2019, so that is a number that will stick with this virus, at least at this point. in terms of bulbar polio, it is not a mutation, not a different kind of virus. there are three different types of poliovirus that can cause paralysis. means that instead of the infection killing the nerves in

salk used a vaccine that used dead polio virus.t tested it on himself, wife and family and his 9-year-old son peter. he must have been confident in his work? >> totally. he and his colleagues carely defined the procedures to inactivate the virus. >> the experiments on peter and lucy and a million other school children proved the vaccine effective. still at the time there was no infrastructure for distribution. in late 1954 the federal government stepped in and authorizized 5 labs to rush the vaccine countrywide. unfortunately one lab rushed it too much and ended up including live virus that got people sick. >> that is correct. the laboratory was cutter labs at berkeley, california. kids were paralyzed by the vaccine. >> he is the author of polio. he said oversight quickly restored public trust in the vaccine. >> the fda hired thousands of people to work on fda safety. >> he calls it the greatest medical mobilization in american history. as for lucy and peter they are proud of their role in diminishing a deadly disease. >> we learne

polio occurs everywhere in this country and throughout the world.is caused by a virus so small that its presence cannot be known except by its effect on living animals or on cells in tissue culture. nearly everyone is in repeated contact with the virus, and is infected by it at some time in his life. the disease is generally very mild and goes unnoticed. in cases that come to the attention of physicians, there is fever, sometimes a sore throat, sometimes the muscles act, but recovery is usually prompt. however in about 1% or less of these cases

polio,

lifelong immunity to polio.nd on sundays when the vaccine was reldy the u.s. would hold these massive vaccine drives at schools and churches, the lines around the block to get the sabin oral polio vaccine. at some of those drives they gave out comemerative spoons. you could get the souvenir spoon to mark the occasion. and if you put aside for a second the medical marvel of administering a vaccine on a sugar cube, it was these really, eely long lines that built excitement abo excitement around the sabin vaccine, the vaccination effort was going to work buzz the up take was so strong, the american people were so interested in getting it. you could hear the narrator marveling over it, a striking display of cooperation. because a vaccine is only as good as the number of people willing to take it. the federal government was super worried at the time people would be too scared to take the sabin vaccine against polio. the cdc even developed a special cartoon character to use as a cheerleader. he was a bumblebee called

. >>> a massive assault on polio gets under way in texas. as ten counties aim to reach a million and a half people with doses of an oral vaccine. a concerted campaign brings long lines of people to school centers on the first day to the delight of authorities. it was recommended even those who had already taken the three shot soft vaccine received the oral doses, doses that are taken painslessly on a lump of sugar. it's a striking display of community cooperation. there are special arrangements for those two young to swallow the sugar, a drop of health. authorities worry later that the youngsters took to the immunization plan looking on it as one big lark. an ounce of prevention multiplied by a million and a half. >> it was 1961 when a scientist named albert sabin developed a vaccine for polio that did not require a needle for a shot in the arm. for the sabin vaccine the medicine could just be dropped onto a cube of sugar, so kids were happier to take that. they could just pop a sugar cube into their mouth instead of getting a shot. the vacc

one of the best episodes is about the jonah salk polio vaccine.his incident with the bad batch may well have been the birth -- we didn't know it at the time -- of the anti-vaxx movement. but talk about how different things were then, the fear that surrounded this illness and what a different country we were. >> from the first half of the 20th century the most famous polio victim was of course franklin d. roosevelt who contracted the virus in august of 1921 at the height of his powers. he then -- we had this myth in our minds that no one knew franklin roosevelt was in a wheelchair, which is just not true. he was the leader of the march of dimes. our mutual friend charlie peters used to say we used to remember the song we would go to a dance so they could walk. these were fundraisers that were held. it was a great example in american life of the private sector leading public action because it wasn't a huge government program that produced the polio vaccines. it was largely privately funded. but one of the few times dwight eisenhower ever cried in pu

take the polio vaccine. works well, works fast, prevents polio.t might seem a little silly looking at it now, but those kinds of efforts to educate and meet with the public to encourage them to do it. if you don't build confidence that the taking of a vaccine is safe and that it will work, it doesn't matter how many doses you produce, it's effectively useless unless the program works to get vaccines into humans. you might as well dump it down the drain if people aren't voluntarily going to line up to get this thing done. it's something we're bumping up against now as the rollout of the covid vaccine gets underway. a recent polling said they would definitely or probably not take the coronavirus vaccine. that's not good. the good news is that the number of people open to taking the vaccine appears to be back in september. it was 73% of the country that wouldn't take it, now it's 71. so it is moving. building trust in a big vaccination effort, it's not something you can manufacture overnight, which is why it was a little alarming this week to learn t

as a toddler she caught polio which affected her legs.ather died during her last year of high school. but her sisters study at ho chi minh university of economics where she trained to become an accountant. although she took her resume to various employers after graduation she didn't get any interviews. six years later she finally secured an interview as a newly established private delighted to have finally found work yb yen left the room. but she worried the secretary was watching her uneven steps. the next week yen's worst fears were confirmed. >> the company never contacted her again. yen helped run her sister's store to keep her family from worrying. but she suffered many sleepless nights, and even began to consider suicide. two months later, she made a life changing >> at the time vietnam was undergoing major change. the doimoi economic reforms had just come into effect. new information was coming in from abroad. yen brushed up on her english to learn about the international disabled community. she came across a researcher looking for

fauci is quoted, he equates it with the polio vaccine. the '50s rolling up my sleeves and getting the polio vaccine and being happy to do so because i had a cousin who had polio, and i took it as a great step. i think people should look at it that way, nearly 300,000 people died in this country of covid and taking this vaccine is a good thing for them, for their family and for the public that we serve. >> it's interesting you bring up polio because it amazes me in the same year finally they were able to eradicate polio across africa, just got announced in august, that there's been so much pushback in this country, disinformation spread about these vaccines that can save lives, of course, online as well. but let me end on this. i don't think this gets nearly enough attention, and that is the mental health impact on all of the men and women that work for you. back in march at the beginning of this pandemic, "the new york times" had reported that your members had reached a level in terms of responses and call volume only seen after 9/11 in t

and it will be in rural moderate way experience with the rolling out of the polio vaccine has proved it's going to be a challenge getting the coded 19 vaccine to the people. hello i'm christine one day it's good to have you company christmas holiday celebrations in much of africa has been dampened by the coronavirus pandemic many countries all seeing cope with 19 infections rise forcing governments to impose restrictions on gatherings. has i will 1st report from lagos nigeria with the economic fallout off the pandemic has made things even worse. christmas season is always packed with all kinds of parties festivals and events but this year is going to be more quiet than usual because of the recent spike in. the governments has introduced. patsy's county vows and music shows are now banned throughout the state of another major highlights of christmas shows here. is the amazing food unfortunately nigeria is going through an economic recession as a result of the pandemic so food prices are the highest they've been all year. last year we were not this one for up to 300 you could even get

mcconnell said that as a survivor of childhood polio quote i know both the fear of

here in columbus, we are trying to have the highest amount of people vaccinated against polio in theur turn. it does not hurt. i guarantee you will not file thing. all you do is pull up your sleeve, he shoots you in the arm and then you will have your polio vaccine, ok. alright. do your duty, dr.. ok, standby. >> one of the things we immediately realized was the importance of getting the local people out. the teacher knows her pupils. she is the best one to reassure them, to keep? them. the laboratory technician checks the children for skin rashes or lesions. they perform many of the vaccinations themselves. the doctors took care of the administrative work. their cooperation was invaluable. we are accomplishing a lot more than just an immunization drive, we were sharing medical knowledge and experience. years's go back about 300 to the days of samuel pete. in his diary, we read of the catastrophe of the ages, an epidemic of the plague that had been raging in europe, broke out with a fearful frenzy in england's capital in 1665. hundreds fell ill every day. many of them died in short o

travels on foot by motorbike and sometimes by donkey to distribute the polio vaccine in remote villages people ask her if she will soon be bringing relief from covert 19 the health worker doesn't know what to answer many african countries will struggle to pay for the drug. the coronavirus affects the whole world but here in mali we have no vaccine but i pray to god that we get it to. russell. infection rates are on the rise in mali while little testing is taking place in the capital bamako the health minister recently opened an intensive care station with the help of the w.h.o. she hopes that the international community will help pay for the vaccines and that rich countries don't keep on buying up everything for themselves. the numbers are rising we need the vaccine that's why i have asked for help. this was. molly hopes to access the vaccine from the w h o's kovacs fund developing and rich countries have already pledged to $1000000000.00 to the fund the vaccination drive is gathering pace in europe but across africa most people will likely still have to wait and aconitine leave a long

and it will be in rural mali when experience with the rolling out of the polio vaccine has proved it's going to be a challenge getting the cold the 19 vaccine to the people. hello i'm chris. any christmas holiday celebrations in much of africa have been dampened by the coronavirus pandemic many countries are seeing kovac 19 infections rise forcing governments to impose restrictions on gatherings. has i will 1st report from lagos nigeria with the economic fallout off the pandemic has made things even worse. christmas is in the league is always packed with all kinds of parties festivals and events but this year is going to be more than usual because of the recent spike in. the governments has introduced. patsy's county vows and music our shows are now banned throughout the state of maine another major highlights of christmas here. is the amazing food unfortunately nigeria is going through an economic recession as a result of the pandemic so food prices are the highest they've been all year. last year we were not this one for up to 300 you could even get 2 of these for 500 but this one go

the world health organization says millions of children are now at risk of catching measles and polioine immunisations. to tackle this, expect to see a newly designed polio vaccine and a global plan to thwart measles outbreaks in the next few months. the new year will also bring much—needed attention to children's and caregivers' mental health. unicef says there needs to be more support for the youngest minds. it is worried about the long—term impact on small children because healthy young brains need social interaction and stimulation to grow. but it's clear we all need more good news and there is some. the latest world malaria report shows there's been astonishing progress, with ten countries being declared malaria—free in the last two decades. and the virus has made health systems and humans adapt in some unexpectedly helpful ways. people may actually see their doctors less in 2021 as virtual hospital visits continue to grow. there have been many covid tests and experimental treatments developed at speed, like laboratory made monoclonal antibodies, designed to help our bodies fight

kennedy's backward deal to fdr's fight against polio. emergedemerged with -- more focused, purposeful. hisny case, it was during lengthy convalescence that kennedy wrote his second book, the study of leaders who acted from a sense of national welfare rather than a sense of political expediency. even to the detriment of their careers. won a pulitzerok seemed --tics this was almost to the exclusion of philosophical principles. being they liberal or conservative. let's focus on two of the most controversial issues of that and, namely mccarthyism rights. kennedy failed to take an unequivocal stance at the time but he later claimed to oppose mccarthy. hospitalized with back surgery. as he explained several years later, he said to understand my situation, you must remember that my friend was -- my father was a friend of mccarthy's. i had all of those things. then there was this about political fact of the considerable following in massachusetts. the same cautious attitude prevailed in kennedy's approach to civil rights. this was sufficiently s

and certainly safe effective as the polio vaccine. it is exactly what we need to get america back on track in terms of our economy, kids back to school, and put the disease behind us. so what have the democrats been doing? they have continued to block us every step along the line. just in the last couple of weeks both speaker pelosi and senator durbin have admitted that they held up relief for political purposes. they held up coronavirus relief for political purposes because of the election and allow the american people to continue in isolation and hardships because they had a political agenda. they blocked our efforts as republicans different times for it's time for the political games to be over. we need a solution. the american people are depending on all of us. from the standpoint of good news she may have seen some of the polls that show more people as they learn more about the vaccine are much more willing to get the vaccine. i saw former presidents clinton and obama and bush also they would get the vaccine into publicly to show

when he takes his polio vaccine. at the time for dissipation in the program was pretty low, elvis doing that in the pictures and video of it spreading around is credited with having dramatically increased participation in the polio vaccine, so expect that from the biden administration in the coming months. a big publicity push involving celebrities and brands trying to get people on board. remember, 70%. nobhill, san francisco which is shifted to online services. today the u.s. supreme court sided with one church, challenging the states limits on indoor worship. the justices are ordering a lower federal court to re- examine the restriction but they do remain in place at least for now. >>> this is a look at ocean beach in san francisco, earlier today some surfers say they have not seen waves this big in years. they could hit between eight and 20 feet tomorrow, and hit that today as well and paul, they are sort of relentless. feels like we have been talking about this for a long time. >> it is not been that windy along

he pulls up your sleeve, and shoots you in the arm, and then you will have your polio vaccine. do your duty doctor. standby bozo. 1, 2, 3. >> one of the things we are me to be realized is the importance of getting the local ne-yo. the teacher knows -- the local needle. the teacher knows. text the children for skin rashes. children for the skin rashes. they performed many of the vaccinations themselves. the doctors took care of the administrative work, and the cooperation was invaluable. we were accomplishing a lot more than in a musician -- a lot more than an immunization process. >> let us go back to 300 years ago. diary, reread of an event -- we read of something that was an epidemic of plague that have been raised against europe that broke out with a capitalfrenzy and the 1665. hundreds of fellow pill everyday. many of them -- hundred thousand ill everyday. ill every day.l everyone fled for fear of that is ease. right now, the most horrible element was the mystery. no one knew what or who carried the plague. came by way of this contraption. does anyone know what this is? [wh

and it will be in rural mali where experience with the rolling out of the polio vaccine as proved it's going to be a challenge keeping the cold at 19 vaccines to the people. hello i'm christine one day it's good to have you company christmas holiday celebrations in much of africa has been dampened by the coronavirus pandemic many countries all seeing kovac 19 infections rise forcing governments to impose restrictions on gatherings. has i will 1st report from lagos nigeria way of the economic fallout off the pandemic has made things even worse. christmas is in the lagos is always packed with all kinds of parties festivals and events but this year is going to be more than usual because of the recent spike in $1000.00 infections the government has introduced. that says can evolve and music shows are now banned throughout the state of maine another major highlights of christmas shows here. is the hour mazing food unfortunately nigeria is going through an economic recession as a result of the pandemic so food prices are the highest they've been all year. last year we were not only this one

go to the polio. let's look at the. if we use their own nickel went from office to office and eventually gave them some land and now building include just but slowly because they still lack money. that. we did. it will. be. easy. to employ say the finishes you wouldn't. need. that all been. easy. to do. you need. to. flourish. you know if you decide you know. for sure what she. should do that is only one of your lust for a lot of these young. does that leave the for don't list i was pretty still on the scene where you would just say did not hear this call me until you think it is listed as. the needs numb they ask if i was me the his or loved ones in this relationship the show time yes the lady mushroom was with pushing and then you are seriously torsion apartment just goes to a nice transition can you play the supportive use of the musical museum and finding some unexpected passengers in a car feels already exhaust the phoenix center to look after these red guests while they wait for. the articles that park at the cros

and will be in rural mali as we experience with the rolling out of polio vaccine has proved it's going to be a challenge getting the covert 19 vaccine to the people to. have any christmas holiday celebrations in much of africa has been dampened by the coronavirus pandemic many countries all seeing the 19 infections rise forcing governments to impose restrictions on gatherings. has i will 1st report from lagos nigeria way of the economic fallout off the pandemic has made things even worse. christmas is in the lagos is always packed with all kinds of parties festivals and events but this year is going to be more than usual because of the recent spike in $1000.00 infections the government has introduced. patsy's can evolve and music shows are now banned throughout the state of maine another major highlights of christmas here. is the amazing food unfortunately nigeria is going through an economic recession as a result of the pandemic so food prices are the highest they've been all year. last year we were not only this one for up to 300 you could even get 2 of these for 500 but this one goe

was worth of go the polio. the trouble before the show was going to. be years moronic went from office to office and eventually gave them some land now building include just but slowly because they still lack of money. that. we did. it would. be. easy. to poison the finishes you would of. course need. that open. do. you need. to. fund the fish. you know if it was like a. mushroom ocean. it. sure does i didn't then yes that's one of your live lester i want to be. the lyceum the joel establish a pretty still is awfully low on the so why you would just take it in that it is call me until you feel the kid is listed as to the needs numb they ask if i was me there's a little in this relationship the show time yesterday mushroom was with pushing and then you try seriously torsion the bottle just as green eyes translation can you play the supportive looseness value of the museum and finding some unexpected passengers in a car feels already exhaust the phoenix center to look after these red guests while they wait for. their articles are parked at the cars looki

was worth of go the polio. let's look at the. if their own nickel went from office to office and eventually gave them some land now building enclosures but slowly because they still lack money. we did. it would. be. easy. to employ say the fetishes you wouldn't. need. that all been. easy. to do. you need. to. flourish. you know if you decide you know. for sure what she. should do that is only one of your lust for a lot of these young. yes does that leave the for don't miss the mushroom produced is actually on the sly you are just a signal that is going into if you think it is just a good as in the very needs someone else gets i want me to his response and its relationship to the show time yesterday mushroom was with pushing and then you are seriously torsion pushing for just those green eyes translation came the party was supposed to be used to show you the museum to finding some unexpected passengers in a car also already has asked the phoenix center to look after these red guests while they wait for a permanent. morsel of the a

go to the polio . bill let's look at the church that was going to fall. from office to office and eventually kaluga gave them some land to do now building include just but slowly because they still lack the money. to do we did. it would. be if you. feel. compelled to employ as a fetish he wouldn't. push the door that open. to. you you need. to do. you need. to. fund the creation of. you know if you decide your. question wants. to. share those ideas and then use up one of your a list for a lot of easy to see if it is a need for don't just. put it on the fly you would just say did not it is call me until you feel because he is a good as looked. at that was where he was in his or her bones and decided they should switch. so i guess the way to marshal it was with pushing 11 upon i seriously feel torsion 44 when discussing a nice transition can you play the supportive looseness value of the museum and finding some unexpected passengers in a car feels already exhaust the phoenix center to look after these red guests while they wait for. the articles that park i

it begins with a 1665 plague outbreak and ends expressing hope that science may one day onquer polio and cancer. >> and now let us go back 300 years. we read of the catastrophes of he preceding ages. there was a plague that heaven raging in europe. hundreds fell ill every day. many of them died in short order. eople were stricken on the streets. everyone fled from the victims for fear of the dread disease. but, by far the most horrible element of the tragedy was the mystery of its origins. no one knew what or who carried the plague. the solution finally came by way of this odd contraption. does anyone know what this is? >> it looks like a can opener. [laughter] >> no, it is not a can opener. it is the first microscope. it may look like a toy to us but its important to human life is tremendous. -- importance to human life is tremendous. it is the connecting link between our science and the distant past, when the world of germs was unknown to man. n 1683, not long after the london calamity, the dutch naturalist lowenhoek, fit a lens into a crude frame and constructed a microscope. he e

travels on foot by motorbike and sometimes by donkey to distribute the polio vaccine in remote villages people ask her if she will soon be bringing relief from covert 19 the health worker doesn't know what to answer many african countries will struggle to pay for the drug. the coronavirus affects the whole world but here in mali we have no vaccine. right to god that we get it to. ruffle. infection rates are on the rise in mali while little testing is taking place in the capital bamako the health minister recently opened an intensive care station with the help of the w.h.o. she hopes that the international community will help pay for the vaccines and that rich countries don't keep on buying up everything for themselves. the numbers are rising we need the vaccine that's why i have asked for help. mali hopes to access the vaccine through the w h o's kovacs fund developing and rich countries have already pledged to $1000000000.00 to the fund and some pharma companies have committed to delivering the vaccine through the mechanism but even if it becomes available vaccines distribution will be

is there historical parallel from when the distribution of the polio vaccine took place? guest: it is a little bit separated

was worth of go the polio. let's look at the close. if.they use their own nickel went from office to office and eventually gave them some land now building include just but slowly because they still lack of money. that. we did. it will. be. easier to. avoid to poison the fetishes you would feel. that open. you. do. you need. to. fund this. you know if you decide you. question what she. should do that. isn't the end is that one of your lust for i want to be. you please leave my family for just i was for produced is for me low in the somewhere you would just be did not hear this call me into if you think it is listed as the to the needs let me ask if i was me the his or loved ones in this relationship time yes the lady mushroom was with pushing and then you are seriously tortured part of this has been eyes translation can you play the supportive looseness value of the museum to finding some unexpected passengers in a car feels already exhaust the phoenix center to look after these red guests while they wait for a permanent we know it because

>>> from washington, the combined radio and television industry brings you a special report on the polioaccine. the public service of the department of health, educat

shot and in 1st grade way to lined up in half of us burst into tears but we beat polio hillary ford which. consultants stay safe time we have heard from the north pole and we can tell you with that technology will be under the tree again this year with over $183000000.00 american adults forecast to purchase tech gifts an average spend of $528.00 on tech each year since amazon began introducing its eco products millions of them end up under the tree and if you're about to well come. into your home or a charity lives with you grab a pen because when you have 3 or innings warning number one she could spill. all the beans about what's in santa sleigh just one of the many ways alexa is helpful is by telling you when something you ordered has been delivered so if you don't want to tell you and possibly your kids that play station 5 was just delivered here's what you need to do open the alexy app on your phone and tap settings then choose notifications and select amazon shopping then under let alexa say or show titles for items you've ordered uncheck for items in deal livery updates warnin