mrna vaccine is still a vaccine. you get it like you get your flu vaccine. the mrna vaccine gets into your muscle. what it does basically is it gives c instructions to our cell. -- gives instructions to our cells. androduces a spike protein it teaches our body to produce an immune response to protect against the spike protein. down the road, you get exposed to the covid virus, your body says i recognize that and i know how to produce an immune response and stop that virus in its tracks. you cannot get covid from an mrna vaccine. you cannot get flu from the influenza vaccine. it's just a way to keep the body prepared if it gets exposed to the virus. >> perfect. know,ng those lines, you we had another question that's kind of in the vein of some of the stories we heard about reinfections. we published a story in national geographic that while reinfections are rare, we are starting to see more and more of them and it's unclear if you will have a softer response the second time or harder response the second time. we got a

vaccine. approval fored eua their vaccine last week and has already started distribution. next, the fda's day-long meeting on moderna's vaccine. presentations from the fda and moderna address issues such as allergic reactions and bell's palsy, that occurred with the recently approved pfizer vaccine. the board also considers how to address ethical issues related to vaccine trial participants, as approved vaccines become available. this was part one of a three-part meeting. alright, and good morning, and welcome to the 163rd meeting of vaccines and related biological products advisory committee meeting. i am the project manager with fda. i'll be today's meeting facilitator. this is a live virtual public meeting being broadcast in its entirety through c-span, york cast, facebook live, twitter, youtube, and a variety of other live streams. today's event is also being recorded and will be posted on fda's web page, along with all relevant meeting materials. throughout today's meeting, i'll be remind

the vaccine? the states and the uk, have bought up the states and the uk, have bought up millions of doses so what about the poorer countries? again this is another one of the unprecedented things going on. i keep using that word but is correct. early on, countries got together and realised this could be a huge problem. it has been a problem with previous outbreaks where the rich get and the poor has no chance we put together an accelerator which is a facility where rich countries pay for their vaccines but they support poor countries to get it. we've worked very ha rd to countries to get it. we've worked very hard to ensure there would be procurement and plans to get it out to every country. because there is no point in vaccinating just one country. if anyone countries protected, they are still at risk, and we still have a huge outbreak. we need to all do this in a very well—organised way every country. doctor margaret harris from the world health organization, many thanks for being with us. in t

and submission of a vaccine from the j&j vaccine. if approved will start to participate to immunizing the population in the month of february and going forward. because it is a one dose vaccine they can really scale up very quickly the number of u.s. vaccines that would bm in eyes. the fourth vaccine that you have an phase three trial is astrazeneca vaccine. you know that vaccine has undergone phase three trials in the uk, brazil and south africa. but also under operation work speed we have conducted a clinical trial muscle here in the u.s. we have more than 22000 recruited in that trial. and that trial should also be completing its first efficacy readout somewhere probably in the second half of the month of january. potentially be ready for eua submission later in february. and again participating with vaccine doses in the month of march and going forward. these are the reasons why we feel confident, provided the vaccine's performance remains on the path that we are on, that we will be able to have enough vaccine doses to immunize t

and we see a huge difference in price, for example, one vaccine, the astrazeneca vaccine, is about 10%na vaccine. it'll also be a lot easier to deliver in countries that don't have as many resources as, for example, europe and north america. unfortunately, the efficacy data is not as good, but what we hope is that with more and more vaccines coming out of the pipeline in the next year, we are going to have vaccines that are affordable, available, that are safe and effective, and that can also, you know, that are also shown to prevent transmission. there's still a long way to go, the race is not over yet. david, the more vaccines there are, the lower the price. is that the kind of thinking? not necessarily. i think the answer to the question is, actually, that no single company or even two companies or three companies could provide the needs for the world. we're going to have to have as many companies as can produce safe, effective and affordable vaccines, and that's our best chance. ivana, does that answer your question? it does to a certain extent. on my way here, the taxi driver told

vaccine guidance. this efficacy -- to evaluate efficacy based on age, stratum or ethnic group. we think it would be use for the committee to see efficacy broken down by these parameters. as you can see, it was high, regardless of age and consistent with overall results. 15 cases were seen in adults 65 to 74 years of age and only was was in the vaccine group. five cases were observed in participants equal to 75 years of age and all were in the placebo group. efficacy was high in both males and females. and efficacy was high across racial and ethnic groups. comparable high was observed across african-american and other racial groups with the confidence intervals above 80% across these ethic groups. there was values of efficacy seen across geographies. this efficacy trial was also not powered to evaluate efficacy based on risk groups. nonetheless we think it would useful for the committee to see it broken down by these parameters. the risk groups included individuals with body mass index greater than 30 k

the vaccine. now we begin distribution of the vaccines to americans. you have heard me refer to today as d-day. some people assume that i meant day of distribution. in fact, d-day in military designates the date the mission begins. d-day was a pivotal turning point in world war ii and was the beginning of the end. d-day was the beginning of the end and that is where we are today. make no mistake, it was not the end. months and months of hard work and battles occurred and it took diligence, courage and strength to achieve victory. victory did come, and while this moment is extraordinary, and i am proud to be here, announcing where we are with distribution, we have a lot of work to do it we are not taking a victory lap. we know that the road ahead will be tough. we know that situations will occur, but we will figure it out together collectively to solve the problems. at the end of the day, we have an excellent plan that has been well coordinated and well rehearsed and well collaborated with everybod

as the secretary said, vaccines are useless if they are not used to vaccinate people. i think also really great progress with two other vaccines in the pipeline. the johnson & johnson vaccine, which is a human virus 26 vector has now recruited a little bit more than 28,000 subjects in the phase 3 trial. now, the breakthrough that we hope with this vaccine is that it's a one-shot vaccine with very fast efficacy achieved and 100% compliance, so to speak, since several of you who get one shot get the full vaccination. it will be very important, by the way, for all americans who get the moderna or the pfizer vaccine to have their first vaccine dose and then come back three or four weeks later to get their second vaccine dose to complete the immunization schedule. the next vaccine in the line is the astrazeneca chimpanzee virus live vector vaccine. the phase 3 trial was conducted here in the u.s. in the operation warp speed oversight, so it's a different trial than the u.k. brazil trials that have been communicated about last week. it's progressing very well. we have about

vaccination. more and more just citizens without co-morbidities, etc., would be able to get vaccinated over the course of that. by the end of the second quarter, we think there would have been enough vaccine for everyone who wishes to have been vaccinated will be. that's not a moment in time. every week more people will get vaccinated and more vaccine will ship and get closer towards general vaccination. dr. slaoui, talk about the azo vest lents, please. dr. slaoui: below the age of 18, 80 million people. that's a very large faction of the population. it's a fraction of the population where infections even more than in the older adults population, the virus infection is asymptomatic. most of the cases. therefore they will be an important investigator for transmission that is a counter .o the mounting herd immunity we know very well, for instance, with the measles vaccine and virus, if you have pockets of population where there are a large number of people that are not vaccinated, the amount, the l

we must ensure we have enough vaccine. but right now, we are vaccinating. i know that many of the public health districts are having vaccination clinics this weekend after new year's. so that will continue. it isn't that we are not vaccinating. we are. but the priority will be to get the hairs care workers -- the health-care workers, but we will quickly move into the other phase of vaccinating, particularly the 65 and older, which is of great concern to all of us in public health. >> [inaudible] toomey: the allocation of the vaccine that has come in, distribution is where it has it is a little more complicated to get it from the box into people's arms because of the logistics of how we do that. that is why it is so important for us to have appointments. in otherews report states where they have people waiting overnight for vaccines. that is just unacceptable. we have to make sure we have the vaccine available, but that it is easy for people to come in and get that service, just as it was for individuals to get the covid test at our test sites. so we are try

we'll get these vaccines.o we go now the kron four's dan kerman who is live in san francisco with more on this historic day for the bay area. dan. >>definitely a historic day and definitely a milestone but as you mentioned still a long way to go especially keeping in mind that after you get through the high risk groups the general population likely will not get the first of what looks like 2 doses at least from moderna and pfizer for several months to come. >>i want to say that the vaccine is safe. should be taken by everyone who can who can get it. >>these are the words of critical care physician doctor antonio gomez the first person to receive the covid-19 vaccine that sucker berg san francisco general hospital gomez was among 5 health care providers to get the first of 2000 doses. beginning wednesday, they hope to begin vaccinating a 10250 people a day it is a light at the end of tunnel it is hoped that. >>you know now outside of social distancing and mask-wearing there's another way that we can sort of get

a different vaccine.hat's because the pfizer vaccine is not approved. so consideration of available alternatives requires that the alternatives approved and adequate. the fact that the pfizer vaccine is not approved, it means there is currently no approved available and adequate preventive vaccine for covid-19. >> thank you. >> thank you for the clear presentation. i'm curious what fda will do with the discussion item on dr. goodman's proposal. is it likely to end up an fda requirement or strong recommendation to perceive to bla? >> as i explained before, we're working actively with the vaccine manufacturers on accruing data that would be necessary to support a biological license application. it includes discussions around the contours of ongoing clinical trials going forward. we're hoping that the committee discussion will help to inform the discussions with the manufacturers. >> i just have a question about the last thing you were talking about. so it has been a big deal in the present. i think the fda

vaccine -- safe and effective vaccine? i failed. i am adjusting. i am fixing. we will move forward from there. over. >> operator, next question. >> the next question comes from meg from cnbc. your line is open. >> hi. i am wondering if operation warp speed has projections, as more vaccine supply becomes available over the week, is there a point, based on your communications with the states, on how many vaccinations can be performed in this country per week? at some point, you will have more supply than you can actually ship, because you just can't perform anymore vaccinations what is that limit? . what is that limit? general perna: we are not there yet. my sense based on what we project we will receive over the next few months, we will not reach that limit. i think the key is access to the vaccine to the most places throughout america. we are calling them providers. and we have over 50,000 providers that are enrolled across the country. visualize them everywhere from hospitals, doctors offices, pharmacies, pharmacy chains, etc. and we think that that quantity a

we need multiple vaccines and multiple different vaccine. how these understand vaccines can protect folks like yourself with underlying conditions. that is one of the reasons why we deliver really enrolled people over 65 in this trial. news, people with the pfizer vaccine, people over 65 appeared to have just as vigorous responses to that candidate as people under 65 -- 65. beyrer, wehris appreciate the update this morning. thank you for joining us. guest: thank you, it was a pleasure. >> with vofse cases increasing across the country, use our website, c-span.org/coronavirus and track the spread with interactive maps and watch -- updates anyme time. steve mnuchin and jerome powell testified about the federal response to the coronavirus. that's live at 10:00 a.m. eastern on c-span. then at 2:00 p.m. the house is back for legislative work on a bill requiring the securities and exchange commission to prohibit and delist any foreign company whose public contracting firm does not adhere to the rules. and then they're back at 10:00 a.m. to conside

s mass vaccination program. any person with a history of a significant allergic reaction to a vaccine medicine or food should not receive the pfizer beyond vaccine very unfortunate news for pfizer and this is piling on to what we've already learned about deaths and side effects but in this instance 2 nurses became very ill. after being injected with the vaccine they were apparently they had a history of allergies and they're doing well now they're recovering but again this is something that somehow slipped clinical trials that people with previous conditions the history of severe allergies and reactions to allergies they are vulnerable they're vulnerable to the side effects tell us more about what the u.s. food and drug administration has revealed the problem is that we learned of these deaths not from pfizer whose very exceed the c's i mean you'd think that they're obligated to good public and to tell people be open and transparent about how their trials are doing how people are taking the vaccine you know thes

norma vaccines -- normal vaccines. let's take influence as an example. spends the next six months developing and producing preparing that vaccine for distribution and it is distributed in a timely manner. what we have done is take a process that is well-regulated and standards highly enforced and converted it into execution for covid-19 vaccine, which is, as the vaccine is developed, we are pushing it out to the american people. a simple course of action, but a totally, in my opinion, inappropriate and unethical decision would have been to stockpile covid-19 vaccine, walk-through all the process that is normal, bright -- right, wait for it all to be approved and releasable, and distributed three or four months from now. -- and distribute it three or four months from now. knowing allas not the steps that had to occur to make the vaccine releasable. at the end of the day, here is what i have to think about. will my mother have a safe and effective vaccine? will the american people have a safe and effective vaccine? i failed. i am adjusting. i am fixing. we

vaccine is it i mean there is a large percentage of the population that needs to get vaccinated before you can sort of approaching herd immunity how long does something like that take and how much of the population needs to get in the ocular needed before that immunity can take root. why i think i would come back yes to the question about the largest 6 i think for countries and continents like africa the role of the ws choice various social actually for accreditation and give a commendation for these countries because absolutely we have different vaccines and the law jessica's different from one of axiom to another and they think that is that was a crucial role for w.h.y. or for actually their immunity and how long it's going to take and to get to the herd immunity i think it's quite a functional for any strategy actually for the 1st part of it since we've been tough enough losses of the vaccines what's going to be very interesting is to protect this or vulnerable population actually the people who are over 65 years or that the people with chronic diseases we have to protect them and t

get vaccinated. you should talk to your doctor about any concerns you may have about your dedication allergy. use inher tools we medicine and public health to keep people alive and healthy, these vaccines are unimportant tool to end this pandemic and save lives. the stakes are too high for us not to take this opportunity to save ourselves. this is particularly important in communities of color that have been hit especially hard by this pandemic. it will be several months before we have enough vaccine to be able to vaccinate everyone who wants one, this is the way we will end this pandemic. whilecan keep cases low vaccinating as many people as possible, we will beat this virus. please be planning now for how you will get the vaccine when it becomes available to use. the holidays may be emotionally difficult for some people. many people have experienced this year have been devastating. let's remember to check in on loved ones, friends and families throughout the rest of this holiday season with a phone

several weeks -- the pfizer vaccine and the modernity vaccine. -- the moderna vaccine. these are two vaccines based on novel technology using genetic material called messenger rna to induce immune response -- a tremendous achievement. each vaccine needs different methods of containment, transportation and distribution. in pennsylvania we have collaborated with officials from across the country to solve these logistical challenges. the challenges that this essential mission -- of this mission go beyond getting the vaccine from point a to point b. we are facing challenges in coordination and communication in such a massive mission between federal, state and local health agencies. and theacing challenges state had little or no involvement in policy decisions discussion.tions -- we are facing challenges in a coordinated communication strategy to invoke confidence in the safety and efficacy of the vaccines and to be able to counter vaccine hesitancy. finally, we are facing sufficientin finding to execute a vaccine over the long haul. despite this, we are confident in our abi

everyone's commitment to vaccines.nchor: have there been any more advances when it comes to medical therapies to treat covid-19? is there any consensus when it comes to, for example, monoclonal antibody theory -- antibody therapy? >> yes, advancements have been made for different treatments as far as the vaccine. astrazeneca, johnson & johnson, these are progressing down the line as well. adding the point earlier, it is not just the commitment, it is the -- it is going to continue. certainly, the monoclonal antibodies have had -- allowed not to have it approved. anchor: the european union has been so criticized this past year for its handling of the pandemic. there are meetings going on right now to try and get to some point where there is more coordination between countries because there is so much fear about this new mutation. are there any indications that the european union will do anything differently this time? has it learned its lessons from the mass failings of the last year? >> those who have handled this cris

people as more vaccines come on stream. vaccinate large numbers of people as more vaccines come on streamre yet. so i want to stress that we must all keep playing our part, keep following the new rules you house approved overwhelmingly yesterday and remember the basics like hands, face, space and get a test that enough of experience are so important in keeping the virus under control. may also update the house on another bit of good news, from today i am thrilled to say we can from today i am thrilled to say we ca n safely from today i am thrilled to say we can safely allow visits and care homes for those who test negative for covid—i9. coronavirus has denied so many people the simple pleasure of seeing a loved one which is so precious to show many especially in our care homes. this is only possible because of the success we have had in building one of the biggest testing capacities and europe and working with local and national teams working together side by side, something we have often discussed across this house. we work ha rd discussed across this house. we work hard on testing, on t

vaccine. this is a monumental task that is critically important. week one seems to be very successful and put us in really good position for the weeks and months ahead. host: how are they deciding who gets the first shipment of the vaccine? or example, we are understanding that frontline workers, frontline medical workers, and senior citizens in nursing homes were the first in line this week. who is making the decision of who comes next? guest: sure. there are 300 million americans and not enough vaccine or manpower to vaccinate everyone at once. a prioritization scheme had to using some really solid and appropriate criteria. the public health agencies basically do matching and allocation, knowing how much material, how much vaccine, they will get on a week to week basis. they have gone through with advice from the cdc's advisory panel on immunization practices to really set a listing of all of the different priority categories so that as the vaccine comes in you systematically process through

who had vaccine. transmission unless i think the american fiction as it were that this is a thing that you know rexy the licensed only ability of the bill only on the basis of their ability to prevent disease you know that is that is their bases await their licensed so it's going to take a few more months to go to do that a sport which show us whether it's spread and you know that's what we need to know because it's the young adults who are medically infected who do most of this gregg who we have no clue about whether or not it isn't meant to conviction or it prevents onward spread. and since we know there's so much asymptomatic infection included anyway it's it's going to make it even harder to know you know it's great it's happening so you know it is very likely ended or that it is very likely that we'll see you know something like probably 75 percent effectiveness in preventing spread that's great you can do the mess and think ok if we need to have a highly contagious virus but not doing very well

so the vaccine that's coming around the corner, the mr&a vaccine, is -- has include efficacy.efficacious in developing imean to this -- immunity to this disease. the influenza vaccine varies from year to year and efficacy sometimes as low as 40% to prevent influenza. to have a vaccine that's 95% efficacious is really amazing. >> i'm curious to know once you get the vaccine, once your colleagues, the nurses, the support staff at your hospital get the covid-19 vaccine, how will that change the way you are able to treat patients? >> so in the short term it's not going to change anything because we're still going to have to maintain diligence and using other forms of protection, namely a mask and distancing because it's going to take a long time, meeting several months before we develop the so-called herd immunity. in the short term, it's not going to change how we treat patients. and as mentioned, we're seeing record highs across this country of both coronavirus cases and deaths. and so what we're really in the dark -- we're in the dark phase of this disease right now. i've seen

the policy is for those doing the vaccinations to be vaccinated first.al has struggled throughout the fight with covid—19, so it feels like a momentous day. very privileged. at this vaccine centre in cardiff, one of seven in wales, more than 200 people have been booked in every day till friday. we do need people to be patient for that bit longer. let's get through to the spring. as we work through to the spring, we'll be vaccinating as many people as we can. it's a good day for the whole country. the prime minister, on a visit to a london vaccination centre, wanted to rein in people's expectations. i urge people to contain their impatience. it's a very exciting moment but there's still a lot of work to be done and a lot of discipline to be maintained. the head of nhs england was urging people not to turn up without appointments. wait to hearfrom the nhs. we will make contact with you. the vaccine is being made available to us from the manufacturers on a phased basis, so the bulk of the vaccination is going to be injanuary, february, march and april. the

a mrna vaccine is still a vaccine. you roll it up and get it -- roll up your sleeve and get it in your muscle like you do the flu vaccine. when the mrna vaccine gets into your muscle, when it basically does is it gives instructions to our cells to produce something called a spike protein. a spike protein is similar to what is on the outside of the covid virus. so it produces a spike protein and it's a way to basically teach your body to produce an immune response to protect against this spike protein. once that teaches your body to produce that immune response, it's down the road weeks or months later when you get exposed to the covid virus, they recognize that and they know how to produce in immune response. it will stop the virus in its tracks. you can't get covid from in mrna vaccine anymore then you can get flu from the influenza vaccine. it prepares the body if it is exposed to the virus. >> i think along those lines, we have another question that is kind of in the vein of some of the stories that we have heard ab

in a vaccine. do we know anything about whether the modified rna's undergo salvage, stan can be reincorporated into dna, or if could possiblye amplify it or turn it into dna? the second one is among the eight people who were vaccine failures, were you able to sequence the virus that came from those people? and was there evidence of antibody escape from your antigen? i will start with answering your last question, then i would like to get our doctor ready to address your first question. as of the eight individuals that had a vaccine failure in our analyzed have not yet immune responses or anything else for those individuals. but we plan to do this. but we don't have the data today. if i could ask the doctor to answer the question that you had about the rna. >> there were two questions. one is it is recycled to other rna's, and the possibility of transforming the rna to dna. we do not have data on recycling of the modified nucleus. although it is theoretically possible for a reversing of the rna, we

remember, this is still really good news that we have this vaccine, but getting the vaccine to the most vulnerable individuals is going to really be key. we've already identified months ago that resident -- i'm sorry nursing home residents are definitely one of the most vulnerable. the highest risk for severe illness and death. so we really need to reach the most vulnerable in a way that's really organized and efficient, kendis. >> dr. azar, let's talk about people who might be inoculated as early as this week. it's my understanding they will take the first shot, correct me if i'm wrong, three weeks later they go in for a second booster shot, and then when can they essentially start going to social gatherings again or seeing some of their family members? >> we know that after one shot there's about 52% efficacy in terms of protection. after the full two shots here, it's 95% -- >> let's put the audio up. >> hang on one second, dr. azar. >> okay. [ applause ] [ applause ] >> you guys, can we join in with them and just, you know, it's -- it's a proud moment for them. man, chills just to li

and the salk vaccine in particular. he served as an officer since 1930 and your surgeon general since 1930, and your surgeon general since 38. 1938. it is my distinguished honor to introduce the doctor. >>> people are asking having vaccine safe. >>> really protect against polio? enough vaccine for large-scale use this summer? i will give you the fact it's a i know them amend i want to given you some idea of the outlook for the future. first, something about the disease itself. polio occurred everywhere, in this country and throughout the world. it is caused by a virus so small that its presence cannot be known, except by its effect on living animals or on cells in tissue culture. nearly everyone is in repeated contact with the virus and is infected by it at some time in his life. the disease is generally very mild and goes unnoticed. in cases that come to the attention of physician there's is fever. sometime as sore throat. sometimes the muscles ache, but recovery is usually prompt. however, in about 1% or less of these

this is a vaccine of .3 ml. [background noises] [background noises] >> barbara, nice deep breath, one, two, three little poke. all done. >> did i hurt, barbara? >> not at all. >> well done. [appuse] >> congratulatns. >> congratulations barbara on being theirst part in this historic moment in being vaccinated. very well,'m not throat to welcome our second recipient, second recipient is doctor raymond flaw and esthesiologist. his work brings them in close contact with covid-19 patients in the emergency department as well as on labor and delivery. he helps to manage the airway of covid patients which represents the hhest healthcare risk to providers. doctor. i'm an anesthesiologist, too. >> aight, alright. right. i appreciatehat you areoing. >> hello. can i actually just have your lder? i want to confirm your ne and birthday. okay. this is your name a birthday? >> correct. >> we provided you with the eua of the pfizer vaccine any questions or concerns? >> no. >> i will b doing your left arm today. [inaudible] >> ho

there are some side effects with the sugar cube vaccine, the oral vaccine. i will not go into that right now. but it is a bit complex. my perception is there was not ,ny selection that, oh, ok this community will get the shots because, well, you know, or whatever other community will get the sugar cube because it is better or something. that is not the issue. in fact, i think that the injected vaccine, my personal view, was the preferred vaccine at that point. 2000, because of complications of the oral vaccine, it has only been the injected vaccine used today in this country. representative, i hope you feel assured that you did not get the short end of the stick. host: was there any animosity between you and your father about the development of vaccines? guest: they saw things differently. they were different personalities. my father tended to be very gentle in his communications. dr. sabin had a different style. they disagreed markedly on what would be best in terms of vaccines. this debate, so to speak, still goes on today. there is a global effort to erad

the coronavirus vaccine, specifically the visor vaccine because we know that —— the pfizer vaccine.this now with professor david heymann, from the london school of hygiene and tropical medicine. good afternoon. good afternoon. your thoughts about what seems to be getting rather closer to the beginning of some sort of vaccine roll—out. beginning of some sort of vaccine roll-out. a vaccine will certainly make a difference in how this pandemic is being dealt with. it is of course not the final solution. the final solution will be a series of different goods in that war chest. some therapeutic agents that can cu re chest. some therapeutic agents that can cure people who get infected and it will also be some better diagnostic tests. but a vaccine is certainly crucial in that war chest of how we deal with the pandemic. certainly crucial in that war chest of how we deal with the pandemicm is crucial, but it is one element, is crucial, but it is one element, is it? would you argue that we still need to remember the public health messaging that we have been adopting or most of us have, we ho

the pfizer vaccine.h no major distinctions between them. —— good vaccines. i wa nt between them. —— good vaccines. i want to caution everybody, particularly the media about over a forensic examination of percentage vaccine effectiveness. it is really important to remember that the definition of illness in the pfizer and astrazeneca programmes were different, so they were slightly different, so they were slightly different end points, so you can't really compare them. but what really matters to us is not an end point that measures illness, but how these vaccines will impact on severe disease, on hospitalisations and on desks. and i am confident and i think the jcvi are also confident that both of these vaccines will do that both of these vaccines will do that —— and en deaths. there is already some preliminary data from the astrazeneca programme, there have beenjust the astrazeneca programme, there have been just two the astrazeneca programme, there have beenjust two hospitalisations in the whole of the c

get vaccinated. i listened to the video a moment ago and she said it didn't feel like any other vaccine. it was just like a normal thing and it went well and everyone is clapping and seems to be super happy. this obviously is a huge moment for our country. >> definitely. >>> the bay area counties all on stand by this week ready to receive doses of pfizer's vaccine. facilities are preparing freezers for storage. santa clara county expecting to get 17,000 doses. contra costa county expecting to get about 10,000. health officials say they hope to see the vaccine shipments come in each week for the next several months. now, along with health care workers, front line health care workers, veterans and va long-term health care facilities will be vaccinated first. the palo alto v.a. was selected as one of 37 sites nationwide to get those first doses. >>> the race for the vaccine affects all of us. being vaccinated will help us build a better bay area through our health. when will you actually be able to get

vaccine. we are so excited about the potential for an approval here in the next few weeks, but it's on the back of development of treatment regimens, our regeneron and remdesivir, and so forth, that you guys have really broken through the long jams and the bureaucracy to make this happen. so, thank you as well, mr. vice president. >> thank you, sir. >> i'll turn it back. thank you. cdc dir. redfield: thank you. senator loeffler? sen. loeffler: thank you, director redfield, and thank you for hosting us here for this important day. mr. vice president, thank you so much for your leadership of the coronavirus task force. you and the president have shown america what's possible here. you've given us hope. we saw in the jobs report today that america can and will get back on its feet. as you all promise, you would help bring us back. you've done that through the work of these great agencies, but also through the private sector. that partnership has been so important. the president recognized that. h

vaccination. the sponsor identified vaccine we also noted a delayed localized injection site reactions with on set after seven days, mostly after dose one. and this was noted in 1.4% of the vaccine group. there was a new her cal imbalance in bells palsy cases. the three cases in the vaccine group occurred, 22, 28, 32 days after dose two. the observed rate was consistent with the background rate in the general population. there's no clear basis upon which to conclude a causal relationship at this time. moving on to serious adverse events and deaths. as of december 3, there were 13 total deaths reported in the study with six in the vaccine group and seven in the placebo group. none of these deaths were assessed as related. the first three participates listed all had underlying cardiac disease. the first subject died of cardiac arrest 21 days after dose one. and the next person was a 56-year-old participant who was found deceased at home 37 days after dose one and the official cause of death was head

salk's vaccine.t was carried through the experimental state, carried on a large scale, and launched this year under national leadership. i want to explain how a vaccine works and how it is made. to acquire immunity against contagious disease, our bodies must create defenses against the bacteria or viruses which cause these diseases. these defenses are called antibodies. antibodies, of various kinds, are always present in the system. whenever the organisms of disease invade the body, the system becomes a battleground between the forces of health and disease. vaccines are the product of infectious agents. a vaccine stimulates the body to produce its own antibodies. these antibodies then can help prevent disease. that is how a vaccine against poliomyelitis works. now, let me tell you how it is made. first, polio virus is grown on tissue from monkey kidneys. since there are three important types of poliovirus, each must be grown separately. second, the virus of each type is inactivated separately, by tre

vaccination process. so, let's bring in dr. asheesh j jha, back with us again tonight. and dr. jha, you heard me ask tom the same question. it really is the central question here tonight. from your perspective, give us a reality check tonight. we're seeing first responders, nursing homes, of course that makes sense. but when do you think most americans will get access to a vaccine? and how will it work? will you go to your pharmacy eventually? your doctor's office? will you be called letting you know they have the vaccine? >> reporter: good evening, david, thank you for having me on. first and foremost, what a wonderful day to see those health care workers starting to get vaccinated. you know, i do think that's where most of the vaccines are going to be in december and january, high risk individuals. health care workers. i think most americans should expect the option to start getting vaccinated probably in march. and we still have to learn more details. but i suspect you might get a call from your doctor

polio vaccine is made, from active virus. we have successfully used these vaccines, made from live organisms, for as long as 50 years. because medical science know that they convey a great benefit to mankind. it took time to work out the extremely technical details of these additional safeguards with scientists and manufacturers. the new standards require some changes in production and testing processes by the manufacturers. making and testing a vaccine is a difficult and delicate process. you cannot make viruses meet deadlines. you cannot force scientific work to meet dates on a calendar. and it must be kept in mind, that the entire process of manufacturing a batch of vaccine, from beginning to end, takes about 90 days. that is the reason why we can give you know precise estimates of how much vaccine will be available at any given time. the manufacturers have assured me that they can and will produce vaccine under these requirements. >> but, i want to make it clear that they will not be able to produce enough vaccine to immu

the vaccine. they deserve our respect and appreciation. without them, we could not be here today, true american heroes. this is a monumental week for us all as we distribute the first millions of doses to the american people. each week that follows we will have more doses ready for allocation and distribution. the modernaring for vaccine if they receive approval. cadence ofut steady delivery to maine -- to bring the americans confidence that the vaccine is coming. we went to assure it arrives safely and it can be administered when it arrives. it is so important that all vaccine available is utilized as a shot in the arm and nothing is wasted. this is our focus, everything will day, every minute that we have. we know everyday american lives are lost, more fall sick every day, struggle with the circumstances of the pandemic. while today we applied everyone who is a part of the team, part of the success that has brought us here today, we know that we are not done. we are not done until every american

nobody has been vaccinated yet and at any rate the 1st people who would be vaccinated will be medical staff and personnel in high risk places for example old age homes and. other similar facilities so i think the ontario health minister position was irresponsible in fact because i myself become even more. concerned about this vaccine at all for this hour news why i suppose you're looking for more how to number 2 our website r.t. dot com thanks for tuning in. unique thing about march for our lives is that he the adults are afraid of us quite frankly members of congress are very afraid of us and that's something we know and we definitely use to our advantage we're able to get meetings with people who quite literally will never vote in favor of any gun violence prevention bill but they're afraid to not be with us because they don't want to see what would happen if we were to call them out for not taking our meeting but 187 total instances 48 deaths 93 injuries and 15 teenagers killed or injured.

vaccinated. gov. well, calvin, it's part of my nature, but we will get better at this as well. this is the first week. and we will continue to strive to become more efficient, more productive. thus far, we have done well. there is some lag time between those who have received the vaccine and those who can get it and can administer it. but i think you will see some improvement as time goes on. >> a question for governor scott, how are you planning to spend the holiday? are you planning to take advantage of the guidance that families can gather with one other household? gov. scott: no, it will be my wife and i and my mom. we were planning this during the summer, just my mother. she lives in florida. she was going to come up. increasedaw the numbers, she made the tough decision not to come. my daughter, i have another daughter who lives in providence under the same types of conditions we are, so she's not coming here. this will be a very low-key christmas for us. >> thank you. >> when the vaccine becomes

vaccines protect feature?—— you have had the fact that you do —— you have had the virus and have been primed... means you have a high level of antibody which shouldn't be protected for much longer. we are in early days, the vaccines have obviously been tested on people who have never been infected but it's not going to be an exclusion in terms of having the vaccine, the fa ct terms of having the vaccine, the fact you have antibodies. those who have antibodies, because they've been infected, will still be eligible for vaccination and we will give much longer protection. the a nswer to answer to her question, should i still have it when my turn comes, is absolutely yes? yes. a very clear answer on that, hopefully that is helpful. for you, steve has contacted me to ask for clarification regarding transmission of the virus after vaccination. he said claims he says that people who have been vaccinated will not transmit the virus but evidence, experts say, is not forthcoming. the question is, presupposing when you g

vaccines do not save lives -- vaccinations do. all of this wonderful work by the scientists and other people involved will not mean much if we cannot accept -- get people to accept the vaccines. one of the things we are doing at meharry medical college is to recognize how important it is to have trusted messengers. we have all the messages about safety in the science behind it, but if people do not trust the people delivering that message or those communications, it will not be effective. we believe it will be very important for people respected in their communities to be out front, helping us with this. that includes the providers themselves, physicians trusted by their patients, leaders of churches -- it is incumbent upon us to provide enough information so that people will make an informed decision. we have to give people agency. we have to give them the power to make the decision. the power comes from having enough information that you feel comfortable deciding to go forward. all i can tell you is that the science that has bee