but elegantly edited and massaged into almost a prayer by abraham lincoln. if you recognize those words, it's probably because barack obama said them, repeated them, on the night he was elected in 2008. from lincoln park, appropriately enough. the eloquence continued. we're building up to the zenith of his oratory. in 1862, he talks to congress. in those days, state of the union addresses were not delivered in person, but they could still be quite majestic. think of a clerk droning them because it's the clerks read them. we cannot escape history, no personal significance or insignificance can spare one or another of us. the fiery trial through which we pass will light us down in honor or dishonor to the latest generation. we shall nobody save or meanly lose the last best hope of earth. and then, the absolute zenith comes at gettysburg in november, 1863 when he vows that government of, buy and for the people shall not perish from the earth. a speech so surpassing league rate that it spawned its own myths and legends, including the one that it was scrolled on r

but elegantly edited into almost a prayer by abraham lincoln. f you recognize those words, it is because rock about, said them repeated them, on the night he was elected in 2008. that was from lincoln park. appropriately enough. and the eloquence continued, and we are building up to the zenith of his auditory. in 1862 he talks to congress, and in those days the state of the union addresses but could be quite majestic. and the clerks read them actually, and we cannot escape history, nor personal significance can spare one or another of us. the fiery trial for which we pass, will lie us down in honor or dishonor, to the latest generation. and we shall notably safe or lose the last best hope on earth. and then, the absolute zenith, at gettysburg in november of 1863, when he vows that government of by and for the people, shall not perish from the earth. a speech so great, that it spawned its own myths and legends, including the one that is scrawled on the back of an envelope of a train, when lincoln could not write on trains. he had that farewell spe

but it was in a brayer by abraham lincoln. arack obama said, repeated those words, on the night that he was elected in 2008 from lincoln park. in 1862 he is speaks to congress. speeches could be quite majestic. think of a clerk droning them. we cannot escape history, no personal significance, it will light us down in honor or dison nor to the latest generation. we shall nobly save or lose the last best hope of arrest and in 1863 when he vows the government by and forthe people shall not parish from the earth, so great that it spanned it's own plits and legends. on the back of an envelope or a train. he tried to ride out afterwards -- it was so rocky he gave the text to his secretary and the rest is recorded in a secretary's hand. he wrote the gettysburg very diligently while nursing his small son from a indication of smallpox which he then got. if it had been on november 20th and not november 19th it probably would not have been delivered. because abraham lincoln came down with smallpox on the way home from gettysburg and was a

he previously served as chairman of the abraham lincoln bicentennial foundation and co-chair of the unitedtes lincoln bicentennial commission, appointed by president bill clinton. he is the author of numerous books, including the 2015 guilder lairman prize-winning lincoln and the power of the press and his most recent monument man, the life and art of daniel chester french. he served as chief historian for new york historicals 2009-2010 exhibition, lincoln and new york and his honors include the national humanities medal presented in 2008 by president george w. bush. before we begin, i would ask that you please turn off your cell phones and other electronic devices. and now, please join me in welcoming our guest. thank you. >> good evening. happy lincoln's birthday. i'm so proud and grateful to be asked to do another lincoln's birthday talk here at the new york historical society. two years ago it was snowing on lincoln's birthday. last year it was sleeting with ice. so i think lincoln might have been another president who was not too unhappy about global warming. just a guess. tonight i w

he previously served as chairman of the abraham lincoln.tennial commission. he is the author of numerous books. his most recent "the monument man: the life and art of daniel chester

, he was _ speaking words of abraham lincoln, he was facing — speaking words of abraham lincolncountry where you can probably put a _ he was facing a country where you can probably put a rough - he was facing a country where youj can probably put a rough estimate he was facing a country where you i can probably put a rough estimate of 35 million— can probably put a rough estimate of 35 million voters _ can probably put a rough estimate of 35 million voters thinking _ can probably put a rough estimate of 35 million voters thinking he - can probably put a rough estimate of 35 million voters thinking he was i 35 million voters thinking he was not the _ 35 million voters thinking he was not the winner— 35 million voters thinking he was not the winner of— 35 million voters thinking he was not the winner of the _ 35 million voters thinking he was not the winner of the election. i not the winner of the election. still. _ not the winner of the election. still. even _ not the winner of the election. still, even though _ not the winner of the election. still, even though he - not the winn

to george washington, thomas jefferson, abraham lincoln.y where beneath the classic don't of the capital, a nation's law makers, a cities where young and old greet a man about to take the highest office in the land. to watch the pageantry and color of a memorable event. and to share, as americans, in that proud moment when a president is inaugurated. four months there has been intensive preparations for this great day. hundreds of workman saad and hammered and painted to make ready the stands to accommodate expected thousands. at last, the great moment is near. the empty calorie at the steps of the capital sun is crowded as the world's ranking diplomats, the members of the supreme court, the presidents cabinet arrived. ♪ ♪ ♪ the president and vice president approached the podium platform. >> the president and the vice president of the united states, all needed wisdom, help and strength. chief justice vincent greats president truman, who then steps forward to repeat with moving simplicity and dignity. >> i, harry truman do solemnly swear, th

of the shrines that are dedicated to the nation's greats, george washington, thomas jefferson, abraham lincolncity where beneath the classic home of the capital, a nation lawmakers meet. a city where young and old pause for one glorious sundry and stay in january to greet the man who spoke to take office. watch the pageantry and color of a memorable event and share as americans in their proud moments when a president is inaugurated. four months there has been intensive preparations for this great day. hundreds of workman saad and hammered and painted to accommodate the expected thousands. ♪ ♪ ♪ at last a great moment is near. the empty gallery at the steps of the capital, crowded as the world ranking diplomats, members of the supreme court, the presidents cabinet all arrive. ♪ ♪ ♪ the president and vice president approach the front of the platform and the doctor steps forward to as the blessings of the almighty. >> the president and vice president of the united states, all needed wisdom, health and strength. >> chief justice vincent greats hairy s two men to repeat with moving simplicity -- >>

to george washington, thomas jefferson, abraham lincoln. a city where beneath the classic dome of the capitol a nation's lawmakers meet. a city where young and old pause for one glorious sun drenched day in january to greet a man about to take the highest office of the land, to watch the pageantry and color of a memberable event and share in that proud moment when a president is inaugurated. for months there has been intensive preparations for this great day. hundreds of workmen sawed and hammered and painted to make ready the stands to accommodate the expected thousands. at last the great moment is near. the empty gallery at the steps of the capitol soon is crowded as the world's ranking diplomats, the members of the supreme court, the president's cabinet arrive. ♪♪ the president and vice president approach the front of the platform. and steps forward to ask the blessings of the all mighty. >> grant to thy servants the president and the vice president of the united states, all needed wisdom, health and strength. >> chief justice vincent gr

abraham lincoln at the beginning of the presidency was fixed on this idea of colonization. we will free slaves but move them to another country because clearly it will never work and frederick douglass will take lincoln to task and i think arguably before changing the idea about that so douglass is up there with the founders in terms of where he belongs in american history and this biography is long overdue and is a fine piece of work. >> it is unique. i've never read a book like it. it mixes the opinion with the facts and chronology it's not a traditional but it's a powerful book. it's about a man in washington climbing up that ladder. talented, destroyed personal relationships and friendships and consumed by ambition. he was credited with being the author of the war and when he died he was the special envoy for afghanistan and made great strides to get america to take a look at its involvement. but at the end of the day the tragic figure in terms of what he was willing to do. .. >> i think it's one of the best biographies i have ever read with a completely different style

when abraham lincoln gave his - gave an emotional speech. when abraham lincoln gave his first.first inaugural— abraham lincoln gave his first inaugural address in front of this capital, — inaugural address in front of this capital, the dome was only partially constructed, brazed by reps of steel and he _ constructed, brazed by reps of steel and he promised he would finish it. she was— and he promised he would finish it. she was criticised for spending funds— she was criticised for spending funds on— she was criticised for spending funds on it during the civil war. to those _ funds on it during the civil war. to those critics— funds on it during the civil war. to those critics who replied, "if the people _ those critics who replied, "if the people see the capital going on, it is a sigh _ people see the capital going on, it is a sigh we — people see the capital going on, it is a sign we intend the union shall io is a sign we intend the union shall go 0h"~ _ is a sign we intend the union shall go 0h"~ and — is a sign we intend the union shall go on". and it did and it will. genera

where abraham lincoln said silently to the memorial for his memory. that it is not enough to hope together to pray together. she is reminded that she must think and act for the common good. >> you're watching american history tv every weekend on c-span three. american history tv created by america's cable television companies. we are featuring american history tv programs as a preview of what is available every weekt on c-span 3. his speech is best known for it's warning about the increasing power of the military industrial complex. we're also going to hear from bill carter, jimmy carter, and bill clinton. >> wednesday joe bide listen be sworn in as the 46th president of the united states. in light of the attack on the capital and the temporary closing of the mall, follow our live coverage as the day unfolds starting at 7:00 a.m. eastern. watch the arrivals at the capitol, and the inauguration address. the inauguration of joe biden beginning at 7:00 a.m. on wednesday. >> up next on american history tv, a conversation about martin luther king's "i have

michael, you mentioned joe biden having to be abraham lincoln and franklin d roosevelt.spare us woodrow wilson. if you wonder why, just looking up in the books. that's it for dateline london for this week. i thanks to the panel here this weekend many thanks as well to all of you. we're back next week at the same time. goodbye. hello. monday will start with widespread frost and ice after a wintry weekend which, of course, brought some significant snow in places. it won't be the last covid—secure snowman we see sent in to us this winter and, hopefully, sunday's weather did bring a bit of fun at least. but of course, more people have to be out in the morning, and so that does mean some difficult conditions on untreated roads because it will be icy in places with that widespread frost. after further wintry showers overnight and into the morning across parts of scotland, rain and sleet on the coasts, some snow inland and into the hills. maybe the odd shower into northern ireland and northern england but, actually, monday is one of the better weather days of the week. most pla

michael, you mentioned joe biden having to be abraham lincoln and franklin d roosevelt.are us woodrow wilson. if you wonder why, just looking up if you wonder why, just looking up in the books. that's it for dateline london for this week. i thanks to the panel here this weekend many thanks as well to all of you. goodbye. hello. sunday will get off to a very cold, frosty start, i see in places with snow falling or having fallen across parts of south—west england, wales and southern areas of northern ireland, putting further east across southern england towards the south—east, more of the midlands is the day goes on, some uncertainty about how far north through the midlands in the past —— parts of east anglia this noble register anywhere within this zone of snowfall and will see a few centimetres even to low levels, significant accumulations on some of the health and some difficult travel conditions but northern england and scotland will be some sunny spells around, a few wintry showers pushing into towards the north and west of scotland. it is going to be a cold day and i

i'll not walk to the memorial site preserved in honor of abraham lincoln.ion a peaceful fashion their rights, to freely assemble and be heard, as spelled out in the first amendment of the constitution of the united states. the first amendment requires that the government not only refrain from interference with peaceful assemblies, it must restrain the restrain or's as well. the boston de party lead off a long chain of affective social protests in america. the suffragette demonstrations spread to many cities before their cause was victorious. and the struggles of american labor were traditionally advertised through the right to peacefully assemble and be heard. a renowned american jury recently said of function of free speech under our system is to invite dispute. in me strike it's prejudices and three conceptions, and a profound unsettling affects as it presents for acceptance of an idea. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> we're gonna walk together, we're gonna stand together, organization to gather, or in a stay together, we're gonna monitor get there, organic ron together, f

lee and abraham lincoln. i have been watching all of it on another channel, their framing is off.th turner classic movies and gone with the wind. teach people the history first but not so quick to change things because it whitewashes history. we don't get the full context. unfortunately america has a horrible history with slavery but it is part of the history. i am okay with it and have come to terms with it and we do ourlgzs a disservice to sweep it under the rug. i feel more empowered knowing the true history of the country and despite every set back i/we rise. what i am saying is that i do not want to go to -- i a thomas jefferson, there's a way too contextualize that or put a black on a door and explain while i was he was a sl owner, this and that happened. where am i wrong, and where am i right? >> i think you're right all the way. i would agree completely with that. i would add one other twist that i have not heard much in these discussions. so we're talking about our history and a lot of people rightly criticize the way in which people of color in particular are marginalize

when it comes to abraham lincoln and ken burns dealt with this subject i thought fairly honestly, accuratelyone of the slaves. so are we perhaps discounting a fact that, the republican party and congress, and congress does have democrats, it does have slave owners, right? but as a political cover for the emancipation starting with the d.c. emancipation, could it have been the political cover he had that this was revenge against -- in other words, they're going to pay for breaking up the union? and snisn't that what the abolitionists said in the beginning, that the -- that the price of this union will be the -- >> are you saying that this is -- that -- >> i'm saying perhaps that lincoln himself knew he had political cover -- >> i think we got it. >> there's a triumph of power in europe. england, france and although germany isn't unified until 1871, there's external pressure on lincoln that is unceasing. there is the internal issue of a how to preserve this union. i think that -- i know that one of the leaders in london wrote that this union was not -- lincoln should just let the south go and

james buchanan, even below president andrew johnson, who is the president that replaced president abraham lincoln after his death and try to help the south to regain their power after the 14th amendment passed. host: why do you think he is worse than that? caller: the president's main job is to protect our democracy. the president did a speech and told the crowd to go to congress while congress was doing their duty to certify the election. he said in a speech that i'm not proud of what -- i am hearing bad things. after president pence in his speech and said he was not going to turn the election, then this

abraham lincoln's desk used to be in this room. lincoln served here.re the abolition of slavery took place, war was declared to protect our freedom. history was made. giants of america served with whom we are all colleagues. but they are some of our friends in the congress and no respect for that. in fact, they were here to destroy it. >> if you had a message for the outgoing president, what would you say to him? >> firstly, i would say to him, accept the results of the election, concede to the president, joe biden, and call off the terrorists you have unleashed. that is what i would say to him today, for tomorrow. so he does not jeopardize the safety of anyone tomorrow. because whatever the motivation of some of his people, they still believe the president when he says the election was not legitimate. so if i had to leave him a note, it would be very short. man up! concede the election. nothing more. >> so there will be no notes apparently left for joe biden, and again, for the best maybe. if you were to leave the incoming president a note in the trad

all now walked to the memorial site preserved in honor of abraham lincoln.le and be heard as spelled out in the first amendment of the constitution of the united states. the first amendment requires that the government not only refrain from interference with peaceful assemblies. it must restrain the restrainers as well. the boston tea party led off a long chain of effective social protests in america. the suffragette demonstration spread to many cities before their cause was victorious. and the struggles of american labor were traditionally advertised through the right to peacefully assemble and be heard. a reknowned american jurist recently said, a function of free speech under our system is to invite dispute. it may strike at prejudices and preconceptions, and have profound unsettling effects as it presses for acceptance of an idea. ♪♪ ♪ we shall not, we shall not be moved ♪ ♪ we shall not, we shall not be moved ♪ ♪ just like a tree that's planted by the water ♪ ♪ oh, we, we shall not, we shall not be moved ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪

john lewis, abraham lincoln.g on the one that was built for abraham lincoln when he left us. so, their connection. and they were so connected in terms of respecting the dignity and spark of divinity about every person. so, it is -- it is -- we feel he went there, joined elijah cummings and the rest and they're dancing with the angels to prove what they did to protect our democracy. >> and you mentioned elijah cummings, who is one of my favorites, i will admit, in this body. you are a baltimore girl. your dad served in this body in the house of representatives as well as being a mayor. i do wonder what you would have thought of -- is this where you thought you would be at this place in history, at this position you were in when you were a little girl in baltimore, is this where you thought you would be? >> no, i never, ever thought of it, and i was not -- we were taught that we had responsibility to other people and that you had to -- we were -- i was born into a family, very catholic, deeply religious, fiercely p

lee and abraham lincoln, et cetera.en watching all of this on another channel and their framing is off but it is a legit story. it's really similar to what warner media did with turner classic movies and "gone with the wind," we should teach people the history first but we should not be so quick to change things because then it really does whitewash history. we don't get the full context. america has a horrible history with slavery but it is part of our history. i'm okay with that. i've come to terms with it and we do ourselves a disservice to sweep it under the rug. i feel more empowered knowing the true history of this country and in spite of every oppression and setback, still i/we rise. we shouldn't try to protect our shelter our young people from that, it is not helpful. what i'm saying is, i don't want to go to -- i can understand not wanting to go to a robert e. lee high school, thomas jefferson, there's a way to contextualize that, put a robert e. lee high school. thomas jefferson, there's a way to contextualize

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lincoln. mr. president abraham or anything, he signed his name abe lincoln as if -- he signed his name abe lincoln. that's his identification. >> honest abe will father abraham. >> father abraham was another one, a lot of nicknames for him. >> all the way through the book, the cultural distance between puritans and the cavalier and you develop this idea. the culture at large as well as the time. can you tell us about that? >> a lot of people that thought the civil war was about the age-old difference between new england puritans, early on to stop by the generation of puritans escaping persecution in england on one hand and cavaliers who were supporters of realty in england and when cromwell and others and powers, he was a puritan, they were fleeing from america and settled in the south. everyone were saying it's basically a fight between new england which included antislavery view, by the way and the cavalier which was kind of a hierarchy and institutions including the institution of slavery. lincoln was aware of puritans and cavalier but someone at the time said the great thing about president li

abraham lincoln, abraham lincoln, now that we have the bully pulpit and the president can explain more clearly the president has a bigger audience that the public will know what is at stake and they are bickering, we are not. we have a very major difference of opinion how we honor the constitution. we hope we can find common ground because it is very important. wasn't it beautiful when president biden quoted what president lincoln said many times, the emancipation proclamation, new year's day 1865. what he is setting out to do in his soul and his very being. thank you very much. what a difference a day makes. >> house minority leader kevin mccarthy will be briefing reporters set for 11:30 eastern, we have a live when he starts on c-span2. >> sarah friar discusses the founding of instagram and the impact on the tech industry in society. >> reflects all of the celebrities around the world as well and the brands, c-span has instagram. it is all of the - all of these homegrown people who wouldn't have a voice building audiences without having to go through normal gatekeepers, becoming a co

not our principles, but the principles that abraham lincoln was just quoted as having said. your president, our president has never displayed those in the four years he's been president of the united states. he's allowed little constraint on his worst inclinations. his desire for autocracy have not come true but they have been rationalized for those that wanted to proximity to power. upon the foundations of virtue, reason and patient wisdom laid down by george washington as our first president, donald trump has constructed a glass palace of lies, fear mongering and sedition. last wednesday on january 6, the nation and the world watched it shatter to pieces. there can be no mistaking any longer the kind of man sitting in the oval office or its intentions and capabilities. the curtain has been pulled back. the office to which he was elected could not temper or reform him. washington's legacy was passed down not as written decrees, mr. speaker of the house is not in order. >> the gentleman is correct. the house will be in order. >> washington's legacy was passed down to us not

andrew johnson is not necessarily the same person as abraham lincoln.egation -- reconstruction led to jim crow laws, ku klux klan, lynchings in the south and so forth. washington d.c. did not do that much about the federal government, it was largely controlled by some southern members who were not really that favorable to african americans. not until the civil rights revolution in the 1960s did washington get more interested and actually trying to change these things. is that right? is that when it came about? the late fifties and early 60s, when the civil rights revolution came along, that the federal government officials said we have to do something to change the laws in this country? >> would you have, again, because of washing -- howard university was at the forefront of demanding fairness in the 1920s, thirties and forties. it wasn't that they waited until the 1960s, but the pressures on the federal government, the leadership that the civil rights movement did, the visibility that it received utilizing the media and television, that put pressure on

abraham lincoln was not a great abolitionist, is that correct?>> his big issue is they shouldn't extend slavery into the new territories that were acquired after the mexican-american war. >> i think he believed as well that slavery was embedded in the constitution, and he believed in the constitution and he thought as long as southern states alone were sanctioned by the founding fathers and he obviously changed a bit. okay. so he's in the white house and then the civil war, he's conducting that and does he decide that it would be a good idea to free the slaves to end the war? why did it take so long for him to come up with the emancipation proclamation? >> part of it is as lincoln said he wanted to preserve the union and preserving the union meant protecting slavery, so be it, but ultimately as the war wrnts on he realized that there were a couple of things that needed to be addressed. first of all, he had to make sure that the confederacy didn't get the support of european allies and so one of the things he wanted to do was add a moral justifica

abraham lincoln. abraham lincoln. and now we have the bully pulpit and the president can explain to public more clearly, because a president has a bigger audience, that the public will know what is at stake, how they can weigh in. and it won't be a question of the press saying, oh, they're bickering. no, we're not. we're not bickering. we have a very major difference of opinion as to what -- how we honor the constitution. we hope that we can find common ground on it because it's very important. again, i'll further close -- wasn't it beautiful when president biden quoted what lincoln -- president lincoln said when he signed the emancipation proclamation on new year's day, 1865? it was within his soul, it was within his being. and biden, of course, said what he's setting out to do is in his soul and in his very being. thank you all very much. what a difference a day makes. thank you.

president abraham lincoln. maybe we should follow some of lincoln's wisdom that he's imparted upon us in moments like this. as abraham lincoln was giving his second inaugural address in march of 1865, lincoln issued us a challenge. this is what he said. "with malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right, as god gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan. to do all which may achieve a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all our nations." madam speaker, in times like these, let us -- let us not reach out to our darkest demons but instead like lincoln seek the higher ground. may god bless this great united states of america. i yield back. >> the gentleman from new york is recognized. >> madam speaker, we can have all this, but we have accountability, too. i now yield our remaining time -- one minute to the distinguished majority leader of

homage to the shrines dedicated to the nation's greats, to george washington, thomas jefferson, abraham lincolnty where, beneath the dome of the capitol, a nation's lawmakers meet. a city where young and old pause for one glorious day in january to greet a man about to take the highest office in the land, to watch the pageantry of an inauguration, to share in the proud moment when a president is inaugurated. ♪ for months there have been intensive preparations for this great day. hundreds of workmen sawed and hammered and painted to make ready the stands to accommodate the expected thousands. ♪ ♪ at last, the great moment is here. the empty gallery at the steps of the capitol as the world's ranking diplomats, as the members of the supreme court, and the president's cabinet arrive. ♪ ["hail to the chief" playing] the president and vice president approach the platform and the doctor asks the blessings of the almighty. >> granted to the servants this , president and the vice president of the united states, all needed wisdom, help, and strength. >> the chief justice greets president harry s. truman,

madam speaker many speakers today have invoked one of our nation's greatest leaders president abraham lincoln maybe we should follow some of lincoln's wisdom that he's imparted upon us in moments like this as abraham lincoln was giving his 2nd inaugural address in march of 865 lincoln issued us a challenge this is what he said. with malice toward none with charity for all with firmness in the right as god gives us to see the right let us strive on to finish the work we are in to bind up the nation's wounds to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all our nations madam speaker in times like these let us let us not reach out to our darkest demons but instead like lincoln seek the higher ground may god bless this great united states of america are you about the challenge for me you are distracting. and as speaker we can have all this we have accountability too and now you and i remaining to one minute to the 2 things majority leader that has missed over the majority o

heed the words of abraham lincoln. first republican president who told our country that a house divided against itself cannot stand. which he served cannot and will not endure if we do not stand together now. the president and terrorists who stormed these halls last wednesday did not succeed in toppling our republic. we must ensure they never do. i implore you to join us in supporting this article. i yield back. >> gentleman from new york reserves his time. >> i would yield one minute to the gentleman from new jersey. >> gentleman from new jersey is recognized for one minute. >> we've been here before. we've done this before. this has failed before. we fractured our nation using the same process before. congress must be the glue that starts unifying everyone by the time this process would conclude, the man they want out of office will no longer even be the president. if we want unity, this is not the way. america was and is the leading light in the world. this proceeding has continued to cloak our nation in darkness. n

saying we will continue to have the school named after abraham lincoln. you can call us whatever you want on twitter and see what happens. equally, there will be somebody like this from the left and i assume you did not hear it from here first. probably male, probably under 35, probably white will hurt somebody in some way. he is on the side of the angel battling white supremacy. his name will probably be something like jared. you know that type of man. i worry about that stuff. >> we will leave it there, john. thank you very much for this discussion. i appreciate your time. take care. now we are going to move on to a panel discussion. as i mentioned, we have gathered a very distinguished panel to discuss some of what i was just talking about. and, so, let me introduce these panelists. i want to start by introducing professor randle kennedy who teaches at harvard law school. he attended princeton university and received his legal education at yale. he has written several books. he has written a collection of essays called say it out loud. the jackson eli

his book, "abraham lincoln, redeemer president" received the 2000 lincoln prize as well as the 2000 books prize of the abraham institute. his lincoln's "emancipation proclamation: the end of slavery ," also received the lincoln prize in 2005 and in 2013. he is also a leading authority on the life and thought of jonathan edwards, and he is the winner of the 2018 bradley prize. he earned his phd in history from the university of pennsylvania and also awarded an honorary doctorate in history. next i want to introduce you to dr. sam gragg who is research director. he has written and spoken extensively on questions of elliptical economy, economic history, ethics in finance, and natural law theory he has a masters degree from the university of melbourne and a dr. of philosophy degree in moral philosophy and political economy from the university of oxford. he oversees the research program and the team of research scholars and is responsible for oversight of research and international programming. he is also the author of 13 books. in 2001, he was elected a fellow of the royal historical society.

. >> so abraham lincoln is elected president in 1860.nd before he -- in those days, the election were in no, but you didn't take office until march, so there was a long period of time in between, in that period of time, a number of southern states began to secede from the union. so lincoln moves to washington, at that time, when he came in as president, 1861 and took office, was there a big african-american population then in washington, d.c.? was it larger than the white population, but still a slave area, is that right? >> when lincoln is elected in 1860, you have a population of about 12,000 freed african-americans and about 6,000 enslaved. so you see that although there were a large number of enslaved people earlier, by the time lincoln comes, there is a strong slave population and there's a black population. where it grows dramatically is once the war breaks out. and that there are many african-american enslaved who self-liberate, who leave to come to union lines or who come to washington and there are literally tens of tens of cont

it turned out abraham lincoln could not heal those divisions with that speech.en administration in that. >> parallel is important. certainly a place that biden has worked in for half century on this kind of a lockdown, facing this kind of a threat from within. people refusing to recognize legitimacy of his election which is free and fair. the only parallel is abraham lincoln in 1861 where he had to sneak into the capitol and seven states had seceded and the civil war loomed. that does not mean we're on the verge of civil war. but the challenge that biden faces is similar. importantly he comes with a crucial difference. a half century of experience in the senate, relationships on capitol hill none of which abraham lincoln had. but this is the context, as the sun rises on inauguration day in america, that is the context. we are divided and joe biden is in position to heal us. but an inaugural speech is not a magic trick. it's going to take focusing together. >> things we did not see today. we will not see donald trump riding with the bidens to the nation's capitol

river, there is a distant view of a memorial building dedicated to another martyred president, abraham lincolnst goodbye to john f. kennedy. we (taps) >> the flag that has covered the casket is folded. it is passed from hand to hand by the utter guard. ♪ ♪ it is received by the widow. mrs. kennedy ignites an eternal flame at the head of her husband's grave. john face gerald kennedy reaches the end of his earthly journey. those he loves leave him at the great hills of arlington cemetery. the new president takes over is duties at once, for the presidency is a continuing institution. with secretary of state dean ross can out his side, he receives the distinguished leaders who attended the funeral. he expresses to them americas gratitude for their sympathy that is come from all over the world. ♪ ♪ president johnson has all along been a strong supporter of john f. kennedy's policies. already he's made known he tends to press for early enactment of the late presidents civil rights bill. president johnson has traveled widely in asia, europe, africa, the americas, and knows the aspirations of their pe

abraham lincoln is inaugurated president of the united states.w was he going to handle the situation differently than buchanan? now, there are numerous political attempts to avert war. there's a peace convention in washington, d.c. there are numerous compromises to try to push off war, and peace delegation from the confederate states to send to washington, but all of these are rejected and lincoln is going to reject acknowledging the confederate states of america. believing a secession was illegal and they had no actual authority, so all of the communications between the united states government and south carolina and the confederates is going to be through francis pickens. who they viewed as legitimate. but lincoln believed that the united states should hold the fort. now, something was happening on the ground there though because anderson was running o out of food and supplies. he was not going to be able to stay there forever. what is lincoln going to do? lincoln is going to send a relief force that would just deliver food and supplies to nder

abraham lincoln signed the emancipation proclamation. when he put pen to paper the president said and i quote. if my name ever goes down in history. it will be for this act. and my whole soul is in it. my whole soul was in it. today. on this january day my whole soul is in this. bringing america together united are people united in our nation and i ask every american to join me in this cause. to fight the foes we face angered resentment and hatred. extremism lawlessness violence disease joblessness and hopelessness. with unity. we can do great things important things. we can right wrongs we can put people to work in good jobs. we can teach our children in safe schools we can overcome the deadly virus. we can reward reward work. >>and rebuild the middle class and make health care a secure for all we can deliver racial justice and we can make america once again. the leading force for good in the world. i know speaking of unity. can sound to some like a foolish fantasy these days. i know the forces that divide us are deep. and they're real.

abraham lincoln referred to that with some sense of approval.se are historical facts most people don't know about and understanding ourselves as a nation, not really comfortable with. >> let me start off with you. i asked how you define critical race theory and i wanted to ask when you're working definition is. you are theorist. they might be working from a different definition than the one others are working from. when you talk about critical race theory, how are you defining the concept? >> there are books written on this topic, what the elements of critical race theory are but the core of the insight frankly is the recognition which i think is correct that race has been and remains central to american society and institutions, one cannot understand american history without recognizing the centrality of race and if one wants to understand even now basic institutions in american society operate public education, employment, large corporations, if you want to understand how things operate in american society you need to attend to the role of rac

i will talk about abraham lincoln, amazingly. uld i want to do is tell a story about him that i think illustrates a point that we can then fix biscuit on that a little bit. we all know that lincoln was a great reader, he had very formal in the -- education. got most of the sensible english language from rethink shakespeare and the soaring language of the king james bible. he read and the densely almost no history in his early days. the seoul exception that we now know, is mason weems a biology in 1799 of george washington. it is a booked if you would read today, and certainly not for its o it is the book in which we get the fable about george washington chopping down the cherry tree, and then being unable to lie about it. the mature lincoln went on to develop a sophisticated understanding of history. but he never forgot the whims of history. elements of it stuck in his mind influenced his view of the american revolution and the civil war, i'm reflected his fundamental values. we know this because, in february of 1861, 40 years af