simon clarke associate professor in cellular microbiology at the university of reading in doha dr patrick tang division chief of pathology sciences at sidra medicine and in oxford dr dominic wilkinson director of medical ethics at the well hero center for practical ethics at the university of oxford welcome to the program patrick let me start with you do you believe that vaccine certificates are going to become the norm. and it's quite likely that different countries or different businesses might implement some form of vaccine and to get the or vaccines or to pick it in order to be able to certify that certain people are immune and to be able to have more efficiencies in their business isn't travel in protecting some of their critical ins or infrastructure simon it's unclear at this stage if any of the covert $1000.00 vaccines that are out there actually prevent transmission of coven $1000.00 with that in mind is it too early to be issuing vaccine certificates well i think if they're issued with the expectation the priest of vaccination is proof of being able to transmit the virus then that's