first we need to outline what the native american world was like before the colonists arrived at jamestown in 1607. the answer is that the north american continent was crisscrossed by trade routes that went all across the mountains of what we now know as the appalachians to the great lakes, down to mexico, along the mississippi river and then westward in ways we are still trying to understand. if you were coming from the great lakes and were bringing copper, which is something that we know that native american people did before english colonization from archaeology, from testing different types of copper and seeing the chemical signatures of some in that of virginia are similar to what is in the great lakes, you would first come south along trade routes that are existent along the spine of the appalachian mountains and end up first, if you are coming into what is now the state of virginia into siouan people territory. in 1600, you would see about 15,000 monacan alliance members in the area east of the appalachians and west of richmond. the monacan alliance was a group of nations that proba

so pretty much right before the jamestown collins got there. he had been actively accruing other smaller chiefdoms into his orbit. and the way that their chiefdom worked was that every petty chiefdom which would be like the smaller districts surrounding the core along the york river which would be the monkey territory. would pay tribute in corn or luxury goods like copper. so the palace and chiefdom was actively expanding out from their core along the york and the james river in order to both. share resources, but also to protect from outsiders so we know that the monikens to the west and the powhatans probably didn't get along all the time. and then there's also seasonal warfare that the powhatans had to deal with from people to the north and northwest like the mass alomics and the susquehannaix. at the turn of the 17th century the powhatan had around 13,000 individuals spread along 34 districts, mostly along the rivers of the coastal plain. and just like the monikens they traveled primarily by water. although there were roads that probably we

what had happened was that jamestown, virginia did not recognize slavery so it took these captives andservants, not may be the best place to be in her life in the prime of life but an indentured servant only serves a few years of servitude and then is set free and we know historically that that is exactly what happened to these captives. they were set free and they were not reduced to a lifetime of slavery, if you what you called their position of indentured servitude was slavery, it is a mild form and nothing like the slavery that we normally think of when we are thinking of the chattel slavery of the pre- civil war south. in any case, slavery had already been in north america and in south america a millennia before the arrival of the pirate ship and that was partly because native americans, as we know from south american and north america were, themselves, engaged in enslaving each other and later on whites when they could capture them, slavery was, of course, something that was nearly universal in the human experience all around the world. cultures and societies held people as capti

ship in the caribbean taken most of the slaves and sold them in bermuda brought remainder up to jamestownns. according to "the new york times," that event was the beginning of slavery in what was going to become america. there's some problems with that which i can go into -- but basically "the new york times" claim was that event is the real beginning of america that the nation that was going to be was founded on the oppression of african slaves, the white supremacy, the emerged from that and the centuries that followed in which this attempt to extract labor and to oppress the rights of black people came founding ideas of who we are and everything else that followed. it's a matter of some interest to me is a scholar that the event has described didn't really take place what that happened was jamestown, virginia did not recognize slavery so it took these captives and treated them as indentured servants not maybe the best place to be in your life the prime of life. but in denture servant only serves few years of servitude and then it is set free and we know historically that that's exactly

it's no coincidence that for the jamestown colony and the plymouth rock pilgrims hired soldiers of fortuneere leaders and adversaries. but once again, i want to emphasize because i think there's been a bit of a dignified occasion and the savages that as they would call them. the butcher's bill ran both ways so after fleeing them, a witness describes the brain bubbling in his school until his nose starts whistling like a tea kettle. teakettle. but once again, for every indian atrocity there was a wide atrocity. you had them running down with packs of bloodhounds and then when they were cornered they would release packs of wolfhounds to tear them apart. you had the virginia militia men falling out of villages killing men, women and children including one delaware village where they had converted to the meridian state which meant they couldn't take up arms. in order to save the musket balls. you had a british general with blankets purposely affected with the smallpox that would spread throughout. the same governor would pay the equivalent of ten dollars of any indian man or woman, 10-years-ol

it is no coincidence that the jamestown colony with john smith, and the plymouth rock pilgrims, hired soldiers of fortune to be their leaders. but once again, i want to emphasize, because i think there has been a bit of a disney vacation. because the savages or the heathens as they would call them, the butchers bill ran both ways. for every head that was scalped, or white militia men that was you know made to dance while his fingers are hands were chopped off, or every time there's one scene where they capture one of george washington's best friend and they bring him alive at the stake after flaying him. and a witness described his brains bubbling in his skull until his nose starts whistling like a tea kettle. but once again, for andy for every indian atrophy there is a white atrocity. you have spanish in florida, running down some malls with packs of bloodhounds. you had, regina militiamen, and pennsylvania militiamen attacking and killing men women with men women and children, including one delaware village were all 96 men women and children had converted to the more even faith. so

he co-authored "jamestown to appomattox: mapping u.s.tory with gis." >> i'm so excited to be here with you. i'm joining you from nelson county, virginia, just outside albemarle county. this is my school campus where i teach geography, world history, and geospatial technologies. the high school is a literal stone's throw away from the border of charlottesville, virginia. if you would like to follow along today with some of the links i'm going to be sharing today, if you go to bit.ly, it is not a perfect alignment to this keynote, i had all the intentions to have it line up perfectly but my children running around upstairs had different ideas. hopefully you'll get a chance to interact with some of the maps i'm going to share with you today. when i was asked to give this keynote i thought about, let's see, i wonder, everybody in this audience will know what gis is, and i quickly concluded you might not. so part 1 will be a crash course on gis and the power of the geographic inquiry model. 2, we will look at how we can use gis and geographic

even if the student is relatively weak on the early colonial or even the pre-jamestown american history, they would want to spend some time there they would not want to overweight that. -- but they would not want to overweight that. make a plan, look at how college board has waited the different versions of the exam and follow through with your plan. do the studying. it really does make a difference. the more you know, the easier this test is. host: these two gentlemen are here to help you with your ap u.s. history exam. we are opening up our phone lines to high school students, only. those phone lines, we will break them up by region. that means that if you are a high school student in the eastern or central time zones, we want to hear from you at (202) 748-8000. if you are a high school student in the mountain or pacific time zone, your number will be (202) 748-8001. and if you have a question you want to text us, you can always tweak your questions -- tweet your questions to us on twitter at c-span wj. make sure you use the #apus hcram. these gentlemen are here to help you figure out

even if a student is relatively weak on the early colonial, or even the pre-jamestown american history, they would want to spend some time there but they wouldn't want to overweight that. so i encourage students to number one make a plan. number two, look at how college board has weighed the different versions of the exam. number three, follow through with your plan. to the studying because it really does make a difference. the more you know the easier this test is. >> students. these two gentlemen are here to help you with your ap u.s. history exam. we are opening up our phone lines to hustle students only. those phone lines where it will break them up by region. that means that if you are a high school student in the eastern or central time zones we want to hear from you act 202 748 8000 if you are a high school student in the mountain or pacific time zones your number is going to be 202 748 8001 and if you have a question that you want to text us remember that you can always tweet your questions to us on twitter at c-span w. jay and make sure that you use the hashtag apus hcram. the

even if the student is relatively weak on the early colonial or even the pre-jamestown american historyey would want to spend some time there they would not want to overweight that. -- but they would not want to overweight that. make a plan, look at how college board has waited the different versions of the exam and follow through with your plan. do the studying. it really does make a difference. the more you know, the easier this test is. host: these two gentlemen are here to help you with your ap u.s. history exam. we are opening up our phone lines to high school students, only. those phone lines, we will break them up by region. that means that if you are a high school student in the eastern or central time zones, we want to hear from you at (202) 748-8000. if you are a high school student in the mountain or pacific time zone, your number will be (202) 748-8001. and if you have a question you want to text us, you can always tweak your questions -- tweet your questions to us on twitter at c-span wj. make sure you use the #apus hcram. these gentlemen are here to help you figure out how

it's it's no coincidence that but the jamestown colony with john smith. and the plymouth rock pilgrims with miles standish hired soldiers of fortune to be there to be their leaders to be their emissaries. but once again, i i want to emphasize because i think it's been a bit of a disney vacation and the savages the heathens as cotton mather would call them the butcher's bill ran both ways. so for every white infant that was scalped or every white militiamen that was captured and made to dance while his fingers or his arms were chopped off or for every time a soldier was where there's one scene where they capture one of george washington's best friends and they burned him alive at the stake and after flaying him and a witness describes his brains bubbling in his skull until his his nose starts whistling like a tea kettle but once again for every indian atrocity there was a way to atrocity. i mean you had the spanish in the florida's running down seminars with packs of bloodhounds and then when they had them cornered, they would release packs of irish wolfho

valje was appalled at british atrocities perpetrated against americans in jamestown, virginia.he recounted with horror the vision of a young pregnant american woman whose body had been mutilated and eviscerated then hung on a door with her defunct fetus hanging from her hollow womb with a sign that read -- rebel no longer shall you give birth? the humane impulses of the military enlightenment were silent on this occasion and many others during the century. kinder hospitality in morays could be found between enemy generals and also in ut bourgeoisie of american society whom french officers met in cities like philadelphia, williamsburg, boston and newport. however, there were some american morries that french officers simply could not fathom. a number of officers marveled at the practice of bondalayage or bundling which allowed young couples engaged to be married or unengaged to spend hours and even entire nights alone together in a bedroom. there they were to remain completely clothed but could kiss and as clear as clermont kr put it i quote devote themselves to tender caresses

in other words as the colonies move along from jamestown to 1776 more and more people as time passes decide that they are able to handle this on their own. they don't need to be ruled from westminster and eventually of course enough of them decide that to produce a declaration of independence. so that graph would make the revolution pretty easy to understand right? it's just like you growing up. you know when you're two the last thing you want is your parents to? don't be out the door and say okay now you got to run your own life by the time you're 12, you can see it might look pretty good by the time you're 18. here you are. so if this graph is right, then the colonies are just going through the normal process of maturing. and a smart parent of course will keep an eye on things and as the child gets more competent and more confident ease up on the strings in that case separation can come around come about reasonably nicely. if the parent doesn't see what's happening and doesn't accommodate the changing competence in confidence of the child, then there's likely to be argument and eve

and part of the reason for that is you remember going back to the founding of jamestown in 1607. these colonies are mostly being founded for business purposes. and it's a little difficult to set up churches in the backcountry where settlement is so scattered. and so people living in the rural south in the early 1700s. i mean, they might have been christians for sure. i'm sure most of them would have considered themselves to be christians if they were literate they probably read the bible. maybe they had family devotions, but many many of them did not go to church. because maybe the nearest church is 50 miles away. and if that's the case if you're going on a wagon you're not going to go to church. right, so the south and people in the north in the northern colonies recognize this this isn't just looking back as a historian people in new england would talk about their worry for the south and it's relative godlessness. that there just weren't that many people going to church there and they're weren't enough churches weren't enough pastors. and so the south was really regarded as as

slave schedules mayor g.t.bynum's family, the desen department of the first bynums that came to jamestown in 1616, they had a total of 931 enslaved people. and so you think about that wealth. you think about as a descendent, my family only had 56 years to build our wealth from 1865 to 1921. just 56 years. >> right. >> his family had from 1619 or from 1666 when we have confirmed slave involvement in his family all the way to 1865. just think about that. it's unbelievable. >> yeah. i was just going to say, the other thing that's important to note is the history of mayors in his family as well. let's be clear there is an economic and political connection to the privilege for white folks. as we sit in the heart of greenwood right now, we're sitting in an area where black people don't own any of the buildings. in 1921 we observed this entire area. we don't own anything here now. that's something that he could resolve through policy. that's something that must be resolved through policy to get back to the heart of your first question, tiffany. it needs to happen at the local level, at the state

that was founded in september september 1565 by spanish explorers, 42 years before jamestown in virginiast rates may have to rise. as soon as she said that, the market headed south big time. what you have is a nasdaq down close to 3%. nearly 400 points. the dow is off 262 as we speak. that ladies and gentlemen, is a sell qualify. sorry i was in such a bad temper all day long. i will try to explain myself in "my take" on this tomorrow. meanwhile, here's neil. sir, it is yours. neil: you're right, that you have a bad temper is not my idea of a bad temper. i'm just saying. people citing bad temper out of stuart varney. they have not hung around italians very much i will leave it at that i look forward to your explanation, stuart. you're a great man a good man, not a very angry man. i don't know where that is coming from. corner of wall and broad maybe a reason some people are a little angry, we have a selloff going on in the corner of wall and broad. as stuart mentioned, janet yellen kind of stated the of obvious her

there's only -- on key avenue, there's only one street lamp and none on the sidewalk facing the jamestown or bayshore bypass on ramp. it's very, very dark. those are my concerns. >> good afternoon. i'm a resident at 1081 key. i am very concerned about this new building that is being proposed. a few years back they were sly about how they proposed they were going to buy the property. they went around the back door to get in to the front door. i personally feel this is unnecessary for the neighborhood. there is an on ramp on the left side of key, there's constant cars flying up the freeway. the school is across the street from where they are proposing the building. there's children going across the street and tons of traffic on a dead end street, which is key. i'm really opposed to this building and the reason why is how they presented it to the neighborhood and they weren't honest to begin with. that's my concern. thank you. >> go ahead caller. last call for public call. seeing no additional request, public comment is closed and the matter is now before you. i take it back. there's one lat

there's only -- on key avenue, there's only one street lamp and none on the sidewalk facing the jamestownor bayshore bypass on ramp. it's very, very dark. those are my concerns. >> good afternoon. i'm a resident at 1081 key. i am very concerned about this new building that is being proposed. a few years back they were sly about how they proposed they were going to buy the property. they went around the back door to get in to the front door. i personally feel this is unnecessary for the neighborhood. there is an on ramp on the left side of key, there's constant cars flying up the freeway. the school is across the street from where they are proposing the building. there's children going across the street and tons of traffic on a dead end street, which is key. i'm really opposed to this building and the reason why is how they presented it to the neighborhood and they weren't honest to begin with. that's my concern. thank you. >> go ahead caller. last call for public call. seeing no additional request, public comment is closed and the matter is now before you. i take it back. there's one late

there's only -- on key avenue, there's only one street lamp and none on the sidewalk facing the jamestownor bayshore bypass on ramp. it's very, very dark. those are my concerns. >> good afternoon. i'm a resident at 1081 key. i am very concerned about this new building that is being proposed. a few years back they were sly about how they proposed they were going to buy the property. they went around the back door to get in to the front door. i personally feel this is unnecessary for the neighborhood. there is an on ramp on the left side of key, there's constant cars flying up the freeway. the school is across the street from where they are proposing the building. there's children going across the street and tons of traffic on a dead end street, which is key. i'm really opposed to this building and the reason why is how they presented it to the neighborhood and they weren't honest to begin with. that's my concern. thank you. >> go ahead caller. last call for public call. seeing no additional request, public comment is closed and the matter is now before you. i take it back. there's one late