in american society the removal of able-bodied african-american man had an ongoing economic crisis for philadelphia families who were already suffering due to racial discrimination that impacted their lives on a daily basis. in some cases their financial wealth continued generations after the civil war ended. military service cannot exist in isolated segments although different from the soldiers on the frontlines they also dealt with the consequences of military participation that very few had anticipated and then to demonstrate that possibility could only occur if african-american man sacrifice their lives of free african-americans that they were and have died to achieve it. how to impact the families with the social economic standing for those enlisted men or their families. now an ideal location those who navigated the city with extreme partisan and racial politics with large-scale waistlines were commonplace throughout the 19th century. still it has the most significant african-american population which was 4 percent of the city's population at that time. and with those abolitionis

of living americans.the first news lindbergh's safe landing in paris. how many symantec first giant step the planet the american flag on the moon. at this moment, then manda i think the planet mars. it has only been 80 years since the smithsonian it likely launched his amanda pardo for half-mile flight before plunged into the potomac. the amazing american achievement in space tell us something even more important about ourselves on earth. the hallmark of the american inventors has been the willingness of the minute and eagerness to reach for the unknown. for three and a half centuries, americans and their ancestors have been explorers and inventors. pilgrims and pioneers all searching for something new across the ocean at, across the continent, across the solar system, across the frontiers of science and beyond the boundaries of the human mind. and find within these walls and windows, are the products of american men and women is imagination and determination could not be confined. there is nothing no mor

that's the rule about american flag. when you see a parade marching with an american flag, you have to take the hat off your head. american flags shouldn't be based on cars. they should be flying on an antenna. >> okay. why did you draw the stars in a circle? >> many states came to america because it was the last day of the old american flag. >> the first flag in the american colonies was the english flag of st. george. it arrived in 1497. objections began almost immediately but the first real flag protester did not appear until 1637. john endicott cut off part of the cross saying it was a gift a the pope but a relic of the anti-christ. he have barred from public office for yun year. by in large, the colonies remained loyal to the british flag even after armed conflict broke out. as the american revolution grew more heated, new banners began to appear. the rattlesnake at the pine tree was the most common symbols. 1775, no one had given much thought to the colors by which colonial ships could recognize each other. two flo

of american history. and so the sort of framing and messaging around how we do this, right, is to situate the experiences of our communities within the larger whole and to have everyone, you know, feel a kind of investment and desire for understanding about that. so i think that's vitally important and i think that's something that all of us can contribute to because, you know, in addition to experiencing education ourselves, many of us are parents, many of us are active in our communities and we come upon these kinds of issues in our everyday lives and can do our part in advocating and urging that greater focus be paid to this. the other thing that i'll say is that the process of each of us personally educating ourselves, never stops. i'm very steeped in these issues, speak on a lot of panels. but there's so much that i don't know. i grew up in california, most of my life, in sacramento. california is the epicenter of the japanese incarceration that happened in the context of world war ii. in fact, if yo

payne assumed the american union secured american freedom. but we know it's really the source of those dashed hopes. in fact, american union was really at odds with american freedom. union betrayed the great promises the revolutionary set about for themselves in 1775, for many people, especially for native peoples and the enslaved. but how exactly? now we can say again almost reflectively, racracism, duh, right? it's worth exploring how that actually comes to be. patriot leaders tossed aside their commitment to human liberty and inclusive republic rather casually as winthrop jordan might call it, it was an unthinking decision because they were racist. sure they were. but i think how they did that merits our attention. it might have been an unthinking decision, but even if it was, it certainly took lots and lots of labor. and my work i've emphasized the mechanics of how patriot leaders like jefferson, rush and payne mobilized the american public to fight the long revolutionary war. that enough people in america found the cause common was not a

exploring the american story. watch american history tv this weekend on c-span 3.the king university president teaches a class on the causative issues that arose during the presidency of richard nixon and gerald forward. he focuses on the watergate investigation and questions of control over nixon's secretly recorded white house tapes. as well as issues around for the pardon of nixon. the keen university movie classes online due to the coronavirus pandemic, video of the class is courtesy of the

exploring the american story. watch american history tv this weekend on c-span 3. >> at noon on august 9th, 1974 president richard nixon resigned his office and vice president gerald ford was immediately sworn in during a solemn ceremony in the white house. next on real america a time to heal gerald ford's america shown daily at the president gerald r. ford presidential library and museum, this film tells the life story of the michigan republican. august 1974 a husband and wife shared their deep concern about a nation in crisis. numbing changes were happening in washington, d.c., changes that promised to transform their lives overnight.overnight. >> president nixon stunned the country today by admitting he held back evidence. >> he acknowledged what the transcripts say is as mr. nixon puts it at variance of what he told the american people on other occasions. >> rumors of president nixon's imminent resignation swept washington and the world today. >> president nixon reportedly will announce his resignation tonight

food and drink the journal american revolution this first book they were good soldiers african-american republic army 1775 to 173. most published since 2019. so we often john as he's discusses the research of these good soldiers. well, it's it's really good to be here. um when i think of misconceptions of the american revolution, i think the poster child is the subject of african-american during the war. so hopefully we can touch a little bit on that. okido in a relatively short time. i hope to give some idea of african-american experiences. it's continent army soldiers. along the way i'll share the stories of several individuals. take a look at how soldiers of car were treated. i don't know insights into their numbers. i'll close with a portion of the only known still existing letter written by revolutionary black soldier to his wife. now before i go into the main portion of my talk, i want to mention two of the three largely all black regiments to served in the warfare in the warfare of the revolution. i'll speak of the third later the segregated american first. we're on regimen. the

a number of americans noted the fact that african-americans are in the ranks. the positive remarks were in the majority. in response to john adams' question about black soldiers, adams called them up suitable for service. there are some lads and old men. and some negroes. he was prevaricating because there were quite a few negroes in the the regiments. rhode island has a number of negroes and indians. new hampshire has less of both. the men from connecticut, they are as robust as you would wish to see in the field. john thomas was more emphatic. he wrote, in the regiment at roxbury, they were equal to any that i saw. we have old men and boys. we have a few negroes. many of them have proved themselves brave. europeans were also complimentary. in december 1776 the german officer wrote of the american revolutionary forces -- wrote in july of 1781 i have the experience to see the american army man for man. it's really painful to see the brave men with trousers and jackets. most of them without stockings, but would you believe it for a cheerful and healthy so now we

here, anyone can become an american, i just did, being american is not just about the physical space but the ideas, we represent. the ideas that america was build on the ideas that every important, old or new should proudly support. in our founding documents, the ideas we celebrate today, as a new citizen, i'm not here to turn america to the place i left but help preserve, and protect what makes america special. there is a reason our enemies fear us and our allies' to be us, they know the power of the constitution, which guarantees freedoms and rights thatters -- that are the basis of everything that america has achieved. at heart of it checks and balances, limits on the concentration of power, that is why i argue we should pay more attention to the confident testimony. -- 10 amendment. power to the people, that is what creates the american spirit. to pursue the american dream, taking risks, chasing success. that is rewarded here, not punished or looked down up upon. today, constitution the american spirit and the american idea is under attack from the concentration much power in the

of american history. it really is an amazing painting. that is going to bring us to our very first myth or misconception. that's the question of, is this a historically accurate representation of the event of crossing the delaware? so you all should see a question just pop up. we're going to give you about 10 seconds here. go ahead and answer that question. you can hit submit, and we'll just give it a couple seconds and we'll see what the results pop up here in just a moment, once we get everybody's input. wow, okay. so we just got the results. 94% of you believe this is not an accurate representation. only 6% do. very good. okay. so you guys are already winning at this game. yes, this is not a very historically accurate portrayal. i'll just point out some of the things here. first of all, you'll see this close-up here. you see the sun rising. it's an overcast day. of course, crossing the delaware happened in the middle of the night. it was snowing, sleeting, raining. it was terrible weather. so that is o

include an african-american. he was actually an abolitionist and wanted to show the many different types of people who came together and the american cause you also see this figure who's somewhat androgynous the idea was to also show although we don't know of any women who actually participated in the actual campaign you wanted to show that women supported the american cause during this time period in the background, you'll see horses and artillery on other boats now. this is true there what they did cross over 18 pieces of artillery and numerous horses to get over the river. you can imagine what that would have been like on a snowy night and you also see over on the right some men actually walking. on the ice as well, and that is true too. so at one point the river does get so frozen over that people would have been able to cross over on foot. here in the center of the painting you have this the american flag flying now this version of the american flag wasn't actually adopted until the the following summer and

we can spring you the best in american history nonfiction books on american history tv. on the presidency, 650 hours of president lyndon johnson white house conversations are available on website created by the johnson presidential library and the university of virginia. find out with case reveals about his presidencies with historian and university of virginia melody barnes and actor brian williams. in the lectures on history, university of north carolina chapel hill professor. looks back at civil relations during the korean war including general douglas macarthur's removal of command from harry truman pretty much american history tv every weekend and find a full schedule under program guide are much online anytime on cspan.org/history. >> thank you for joining me for today's program, black freedom was alaina roberts printed library supports teaching and learning and humanities our founding in 1987, very dedicated to deepening our collective understanding of ourselves and of the world around us. connect with our collection in the newberry's reading room in the xmas and

democracy and the american people can truly outcompete anyone. because i know given half a chance, american people have never, ever let their country down. imagine if we give everyone a full and fair chance, that is what this is all about. that is what i am about to do. so i would like to invite the cabinet members up here. the attorney general, general garland, mr. secretary, you can come up, too. gina raimondo, pete buttigieg, and the chair of the fcc, lena, acting chair of the ftc. and the director of the national economic council. did i leave anybody out? anyway, come on up, this may be the first cabinet meeting we've had. okay. removing competition in the american economy. [indiscernible] [laughter] fourth. [laughter] fifth. [indiscernible] a shorter name. [laughter] thank you. [cameras shuttering] thank you, everyone. [applause] >> [indiscernible] how did president putin respond to your call today, sir? pres. biden: i made it clear to him that -- that it is disrespect when ransomware is not sponsored by the state [indiscernible] >> you said

that is why we passed the american rescue plan.nd that is why we need the investment of the bipartisan infrastructure framework and my build back better plan. our economy has come a long way over the last six months. we cannot slow down now. we can make this boom we are experiencing today one that can ensure that all americans have the opportunity to share in it for years to come. and we can show the world that american democracy can deliver for the people. i look forward to continuing to build this economy. and i am incredibly opera -- optimistic about what we will be able to build together over the next six months and years to come. thank you, all, and god bless and i will take a few questions. reporter: [indiscernible] president biden: i am glad you asked me that question. one, i had just read that on the facebook -- facebook has pointed out -- it was pointed out that facebook has pointed out the misinformation. the misinformation came from 12 individuals. i was asked that question about what do i think is happening. facebook is

there is a lot of concern about americans get -- especially african-americans -- and african-americans have all of these different ways of communicating their refusal to return to this -- place. >> it is funny you mention taste. >> uh-huh. >> when my book came out i went on a book tour. i was in baltimore on a radioshow with a journalist who had been fortunate enough to interview the last living world war ii veteran who was african-american. all he talked about was eating escargo. >> french. >> that was a thrill, the french people were coming to fight for them. >> i have a friend who calls me every three months to ask me how my book is coming. i am like look, you are oppressing me at this stage. we talked about how the french ruined the african-americans. one of the things that the african-americans do to conote and telegraph their awakening very much like the title of your work is that they start to throw french words into their everyday parlance, everyday interactions so as to again change the positionality that they have. you wouldn't say how is it going? you would say hello cher. t

are supported by white americans, black americans and hispanic americans, and president biden calls these things, quote, a 21st century jim crow assault", one big lie after another. these people if they keep repeating the dramatic cree she -- cliches, they'll pull off the power grab. these are insults hurdles that americans have overcome over the years together. we've won two world wars, faced down the soviets, unwound brutal segregation and defeated actual jim crow laws and endured the 9/11 attacks, but now the sky is falling? the sky is falling? because these mainstream laws that people actually support, because texans want to allow 16-hour days of voting, but just not in the dead of night? did they know that nobody outside of liberal twitter and cable television is buying an ounce of what they're selling. the big lies, the fake outrage, failed in georgia. the big lies and fake outrage failed here in the senate. and they'll fail in texas. the big lies and fake outrage are totally failing to persuade the american people. the americans want to make it easy to vote, but hard to cheat. amer

on american history tv historians discuss the lives of loyalists native americans and african americans in the aftermath of the july 4th 1776 declaration of independence. this discussion was part of a conference hosted by the society for historians of the early american republic. welcome to this president's plenary and welcome to share. i'm annette gordon reed. i'm the president of sheer this year for the next couple of days and i'm happy to see all of you here and sorry that the weather was not so great yesterday and some of the people who intended to be here yesterday couldn't because of the deluge that took place and prevented people from moving on the eastern seaboard. there are lots of people that i am going to thank later on but to just remind you that a lot goes into this kind of event and many people have worked very very hard harder than i've worked to put all of this together and one of the people who could not be here was frank cogliano because he got stuck in newark because of whether he will be here later this evening and we'll have to miss the plenary but his co-chair sara

the american civil war soldier of the american civil war era. inspired leadership theco lincoln prize committee has considered more than 3200 works and awarded more than $1.5 million in prizes over the last threees decades. the award have honored scholars such as eric, barbara, doris, jim, and film makers steven spielberg and kim burns honored with the inaugural prize for his documentary masterpiece the civil war. as well as many others. they guilder lehrman lincoln prize has set a standard for scholarly awards and shines a bright light on the legacy of lincoln and his accomplishments as well as an era of the civil war. although america may change and grow, both the memory and the words of abraham lincoln remain fresh. with the malice towards none, with charity for all lettuce drive on to finish the work we are in. to do all which may achieve in chair's a josh and lasting peace and with our nation. the guilder lehrman lincoln prize is sponsored only by the guilder lehrman institute of american history and gettysburg college. ♪ ♪ >> is my prayer

i can sum it up in two words: buy american. buy american.ause] you know, what most people don't know, no matter how informed they are, most people don't know that for literally almost a century, there's been a law on the books in america called the buy america act. it's supposed to make sure that when your government spends your tax dollars in buying goods that they have to be goods that werer built, purchased in america. but the previous administration didn't take it so seriously, in previous ones, not just the last one.e. they were quick to say, you know, we have a lot of money to spend. we got to buy -- the government is going to buy everything from buildings to aircraft carriers to trucks to whatever it is. but we can't find an american company that can do it all, so we're going to have to issue a waiver. we'll hire the american company, but that american company is going to have a subsidiary overseas where non-american americans don't work, where it's much cheaper, they can make more money, and they're going to say, we have to have that

an american is an american. when you become an american citizen, everyone should have the same rights and laws. host: ok. caller: i don't care if it's black lives matter, leave the black part out. they broke the law. if a white person does it, they broke the law. >> and we will leave the conversation here because the u.s. house is about to gavel in, part of a loss long commitment to bring you gavel-togavel coverage. --and live to the floor of the u.s. house on c-span. [captioning made possible by the national captioning institute, inc., in cooperation with the united states house of representatives. any use of the closed-captioned coverage of the house proceedings for political or commercial purposes is expressly prohibited by the u.s. house of representatives.] the speaker pro tempore: the house will be in order. the chair lays before the house a communication from the speaker. the clerk: the speaker's rooms, washington, d.c. july 26, 2021. i hereby appoint the honorable nanette diaz barragan to act as speaker

our character as americans. a triumph of american values. of course this didn't bring an end to the work we need to do. today too many americans still face barriers to freedom and inequality. but it spans all races, briefs, backgrounds, and generations. we're making progress together. my first day in office i was proud to sign an executive order establishing a government wide commitment to advance inequity including people with disabilities. and i was proud. to appoint the first ever white house disability policy director. where are you, ken? where is ken? thank you, ken. and i'm ensuring that dignity and rights of disabled americans are lifted up in every policy we pursue from continuing to make sure this administration looks like america, pointing people with disabilities to positions across the government. the american rescue plan we're able to include substantial support for schools to better serve students with disabilities. as part of my build back better plan it was mentioned that we proposed $400 billion to home and community based c

but folks, it is an american blessing we have vaccines for each and every american. we made our first and top priority to make available vaccines for every eligible american and that is never going to change as long as i am here. it is a shame come such a shame to squander that blessing. that is why after six months of extraordinary work and effort, today i'm laying out additional steps we should be taking to deliver these life-saving vaccines to more americans. first, we are going to provide more incentives to encourage unvaccinated americans to get vaccinated. that starts with paid leave to get the shot. we are still hearing people are unable to get time off from their employer to get vaccinated. while this is unacceptable. for some time now, i have said we should be able to get the shot and still be paid. thanks to the federal rescue plan there fully reimbursing any small or medium-size business that provides workers with paid time off to get vaccinated. employers, this cost you nothing. if you have not given employees paid time off, do it now please. today i am a

give us and give the american people a break. the american people won't buy their criticisms. creating jobs, providing family leave, making education, housing and health care more affordable, flighting -- fighting llama change. nobly believes these policies are the policies on the road. -- on the road to what they might call socialism. paid family leave, helping people go to college? come on. that is part of our democratic tradition. we build letters up. the american tradition where we build letters up to help people climb and live a good life. so the goals we must pursue are the goals to build back or middle-class, secure or middle-class, help more people get to the middle class. to bolster our economy, to lay the foundation for another century of american prosperity just as frank and roosevelt did close to 100 years ago. that is exactly what the democratic geordie is going to do, mr. president. on another subject, later today on marijuana. i will join my colleagues, senators booker to rewrite the federal marijuana laws. to end the prohibition on marijuana at the federal leve

in history and african-american studies and specializes in 20th century american and african-american history with an emphasis on immigration, war, race, globalization, social movements and political resistance. she's the author of a number of books, one of which is available outside and i would encourage to you grab a copy while you can, but an upcoming book as well "the glory of their deeds: a global history of black soldiers in the great war era." sage was working on that book as i recall as part of your work at the warren center. are we close to publication? >> i started when i was five. >> she started when she was five so it's almost done. saje is a great friend of ours and we are delighted to have you back here with us again, thank you. please join me in welcoming dr. mathieu. [ applause ] and joining us tonight is the scholar who also has a specialized focus on the red summer of 1919 and the fight of this nation to create a just and equitable society. cameron mcwhirter is a staff reporter for the "wall street journal" based in atlanta, he covers politics, economics, breaking ne

more than 8,000 american troops had been killed, wounded or captured. that's the same month washington writes that letter and at the same moment that arthur lee in boston is saying many of the leaders in massachusetts now believe the war is going to end in a negotiated settlement so i think you can argue that when arnold finally makes his final decision to turn in august of 1780, he may very well have believed that the americans goose was cooked and that the british were going to win the war and he was going to get on the winning side nobody knew what was going on in arnold's mind. >> it really could have been anyone in a similar position in terms of rank and opportunity. and i did appreciate that put them in a new context or just after any paycheck this has been a terrific overview how it just kind of flows from here so thank you very much. are we ready for that? >> i do want to get to the last one because i think it brings the story to the modern era what do you want them to understand about the consequences of the war and that visceral experience of

well-known to most american visitors to cuba. to most american visitors, this is cuba.is all of cuba they usually get to see. it isn't cuba at all, of course. it's a transplanted bit of the united states from the air conditioned hotels to the table linen and silver serving dishes in the restaurants. most of what you see on your screen was built by americans in fact. in havana's case, much of that transplanted bit of north america was built by a special group of americans who have given too many of the cuban people a somewhat peculiar picture of what life in america must be like. john q. there had a whale of a time in havana in december of 1958. several weeks before castro reached that city. i'm albert burke. i will try to tell you how and why this was the case. he lost quite a bit of money at the gaming tables and the casinos along tourist alley. many of which will built by american racketeers with the profits of the crime syndicate headquarters in new york and chicago, which run most of the bookie operations, dope pedaling, numbers and policy rackets, abortion mills, p

and so american history. is this pearl born out of perpetual friction that at times presents itself in a very positive way at other times particularly now in a not so positive way, but it's our job lonnie's to collect the stuff of it and interpret interpret interpret and mine to sort of try to find the narrative. not that lonnie doesn't try to find the narrative in it that permits us to tell a complicated story that tolerates what keith said shakespeare had which was negative capability the ability to hold something in contradiction. without making that judgment and so where we get into trouble as storytellers and as americans as we construct and reconstruct and deconstruct our history and our culture is when we're certain you know, yeah, the opposite of faith is not doubt. the opposite of faith is certainty and so we need to have a kind of faith in a process that understands as faulkner understood that history is not was but is and tomorrow as lonnie suggests, but we also have to find the processes that perm

they were owned by native americans. in the 1830s they along with their chickasaw and indian owners embarked on a journey we nosy trail of tears make in the reach of oklahoma was then known as indian territory. during the civil war there owners fiber confederacy when the confederacy lost the united states government forced my family's owners, along with other native american slave owners to free their slaves for it and provide them with land. and so in about a minute i have just how most people think about slavery the civil war and reconstruction. all of these events are so important to this country's history were different for my gown because they lived within indian nations, not within the united states. retelling in reshaping this history is a core of my book i've been there all the while. one of the key things of my book is what it means for native americans adopted slavery in the first place. so ideas of race and black inferiority that we usually only associate with white people. and another theme is how emancipatio

family and american jobs plans with reforms to ensure big corporations and the wealthiest americans pay their fair share, we could make these powerful programs investments set our nation on a fiscally responsible path. president biden put forward a visionary budget to transform our country and create a better future for all american families. thank you director young, i look forward to working with you and the rest of the administration to advance this budget into the president's call to build a stronger country by putting the needs, goals, ingenuity and strengthen the american people front and center. thank you and i now yield to ranking member for opening statements. >> thank you, mr. chairman and director young for participating in today's hearing. as president biden repeatedly, don't tell me what you value, show me your budget and i'll tell you what you value. when president biden released the budget, he sent the clear message that his administration values washington control over america's working class. under resident biden's budget, government spending reaches his torque high

than white americans. in fact black people belong to different species. they were truly homo sapiens. they were missing a link betweea animals and human beings. that black people did not feel pain the way whites did this a primitiveus and simply unable to register paine. or anxiety or develop heart disease which back then was describeded as anxietyo african-americans were profoundly different being they were not just people with different skin or hair texture, these were beings who are not really humans and had diseases that white people never had, we know deficiency disease was held to be in infectious disease that black people had because they were dirty basically. and even the complication that doctor sims experimented, that in fact had more slave women than white women because they were sexually, forget and dirty and the reason given a lot of illness like malaria, yellow fever, they proclaim that black people didn't die like white people did and they suffered less from malaria and the theories were rea

american troops in vietnam. the head of the organization, and i don't believe there's any video of this, because again, it's like, right, this is not the big time. a guy named paul potter. he's, uh, you know, maybe not the greatest public speaker in the world but he's the president of the organization so he gets to give the big speech. he gets up there and kind of gives a very carefully rational, dispassionate, there's no waving of arms or anything like that, speech. and he tries to wrap his head around what the united states is doing in vietnam. and he sort of speaks in almost counterpoint to johnson's speech that had taken place the month before. he's sort of publicly struggling, he had written the speech down so it was a little feigned, with why this is happening, why is the united states going to start a land and air war in this little country, 8,000 miles away, in asia? and he kind of comes to this conclusion that he says, there's some kind of system in the united states, that's the phrase he uses over and

single american, rural and urban. and by the way, those who are parents who had kids at home -- from 2010 to 2020, illinois experienced 40 net extreme weather events. although i heard today from the republican senator there is no global warming, no such thing. but those weather events cost the state roughly $50 billion in damages. we are going to upgrade the grid to make it more resilient to whether threats. -- weather threats. what i want to talk about today is human infrastructure. it is essential to that foundation as well. in that when he first century to once again lead the world, to truly build an economy from the bottom out to the middle out, we need to invest in our people. we need to invest in our people. that's way in addition to the bipartisan info structure agreement that i believe we are going to get done, i am here to make a case for the second critical part of my domestic agenda, a combination of parts of my american jobs plan that were essential and not included in the bipartisan infrastructure plan, a

but folks, it's an american blessing that we have vaccines for each and every american.ve made it our first and top priority to have available vaccines for every eligible american and that's never going to change as long as i'm here. it's a shame because it's such a shame to squander that blessing. that's why after six months of extraordinary work and effort, today i'm laying out additional steps we should be taking to deliver these life saving vaccines to more americans. first, we're going to provide more incentives to encourage unvaccinated americans to get vaccinated. that starts with paid leave to get the shot. we're still hearing that people are unable to get time off from their employer to get vaccinated. well, this is unacceptable. for some time now i've said, you should be able to get the shot and still get paid thanks to the american rescue plan, the federal government is fully reimbursing any small or medium-sized business that provides workers with paid time off to get vaccinated. employers, this costs you nothing. if you haven't given employees paid time off,

and then spoils the american ideas.so we did not betray it when it was convenient on equal america which is an america where in the relentless inequality from our history especially to be reversed by policy but also individual actions. >> and maybe simply we need to create those mechanisms to meet each other again that we don't necessarily run into. and yes i think it is a good idea but somehow we managed to speak exactly 45 minutes you have a lot of questions waiting for you in the first one i like. what about the nine - - the nonfiction? >> hamilton ready much took over my family for about two years. that's all we listened to in the car. the kids have the entire soundtrack memorized we would just break into song spontaneously and it also became a civics class because my kids were not getting a lot of it at their own schools. in terms of writers, i tried to read fiction all the time when i'm writing not necessarily researching but i want the best fiction in my head i don't want research or journalism god knows it not o

it has native americans. it has three african-americans. it has hispanic americans. these individuals are ahead of their time. in many ways, they progress before it's time. many of the men in the indispensable's are ardent abolitionists. there at the forefront of american civil rights the four there werecivil rights . they were ardently pushing the abolition of slavery. including john glover. and it's these cruise that are diverse, that are working together. but it's also a situation where the ground is interfering with their lives. and they'reinterfering with their lives constantly . there a pressing -- john glover's crews are under threat by the british navy. comes alongside ship, boards ship and says you're going to be a member of the royal navy . you're essentially a slave for life. that individual is taken aboard a royal navy ship and made a member of the royal navy for life. there's no freeing that individual and once they escape, some did. but this is a factor that causes a break from great britain. it's one of the factors. regulation, excessive regulation. lo

many americans, thousands and thousands of americans who contracted covid-19 also have the antibodies. we're approaching that elusive goal now of effective herd immunity. every american, again, who wants to get vaccinated can now get vaccinated. scientists have made it clear that we don't need to achieve 100% vaccination for effective herd immunity. so, let's give folks who are hesitant the reassurance that they're not going to be forced by the federal government to do something against their will. it's ultimately every american's decision, but we want it to be an informed decision. first, the vaccine works. pfizer and moderna's phase three study found their two-dose regiment were 94 and 95% respectively at blocking the vaccine and one shot johnson & johnson was in their studiesment all three extremely effective in preventing people from getting severely sick with covid. even if someone gets sick with covid, the results are reduced. and declining 77% among older adults as we saw the highest covid deaths were from seniors from nursing homes especially and the most vulnerability populat

it's a triumph of american values.of course, this law didn't bring an end to the work we need to do. today, too many americans still face barriers to freedom and equality. but, thanks to this movement that spans all races, beliefs, backgrounds, and generations, we are once again making progress together. in my first day in office, i was proud to sign an executive order establishing a government-wide commitment to advancing equity, including people with disabilities. [applause] [cheers] and i was proud to appoint the first-ever white house disability policy director, kim knackstedt. where are you, kim? where is kim? [cheers] thank you, kim. and i'm ensuring that dignity and rights of disabled americans are lifted up in every policy we pursue, from continuing to make sure that this administration looks like america, appointing people with disabilities to positions across the government. in the american rescue plan, we were able to include substantial support for schools that better serve students with disabilities, expan

while the american jobs plan and american families plan are fully offset within the next 15 years. as a whole, the president's budget will improve our nation's long-term finances while making the growth-enhancing investments we need right now. thank you for the opportunity to appear here today, and i look forward to taking your questions. >> thank you very much for your statement. acting director young will be available to answer questions in person until 2:00 p.m. today. she has another appointment at the appropriations committee. with that in mind, we ask members to keep your questions to their allotted time. as a reminder, members can submit written questions to be answered later in writing. those questions and responses will be made part of the formal hearing record. any members who wish to submit questions for the record may do so by second them to the clerk electronically within seven days. i know recognize the gentleman from new york, mr. jeffries for five minutes. >> thank you so much, mr. chairman, for your continued leadership and for convening this very important hearing

about the existence of slavery in the american colonies? samuel johnson pointed out the hypocrisy many of whom owned slaves how is it we share the loudest yelps for liberty among the drivers of negroes? many colonial americans have a guilty conscience patrick here henry said he look forward to the time when the opportunity would be offered to abolish the lamentable evil to create bad opportunity because the declaration proclaims that come into existence as a sworn enemy. 's days are going to be numbered. until recently lisa know these facts abraham lincoln knew it he said he never had a feeling politically that did not spring from the sentiment embodied in the declaration of independence. yes we can. the great emancipator why did the american revolution succeed? because at the moment of its birth it brought together the right ideas, the right institutions what did it produce? and with the teachings of the bible there was not a robespierre among them. the washington. and then obediently and willingly what kind of men and women do this revolu

you know, that's why we designed the american rescue plan. to help not just everyone at once but over the course of a full year and beyond. so we could help families at small businesses whether the ups and downs as the economy recovered from a historic pandemic and there are going to be ups and downs. we saw a great example last week. for the first time monthly payments began going out to nearly every working family raising a child in the united states of america. thanks to the expanded child tax credit and the american rescue plan $300 a month going out for each child under the age of 6 and $250 for every child 6 through 17. every month for the next six months with more coming in the spring. that money is a game changer. for some, it is a lifesaver. think of a single mom struggling to put food on the table each month. the parent has to tell their kid, i'm sorry, honey, but we can't afford dance classes or the sports team you want to play on this fall. we can't do it. you know, they cannot wait for the credit to be coming next year as a tax c