darryl miller is a professor of law at duke university school of law. he was a marshal scholar and oxford. he is the author of "the positive second amendment." he published in leading law reviews such as yale law journal and the university of chicago law review and has been cited by the supreme court of the united states, the united states court of appeals, the united states district courts and in congressional testimony and legal briefs. we will begin this morning with darrell as he noted his work provides some of the historical work. >> thank you so much for that introduction. thanks to the national history center for this invitation to speak to you. i should start with a disclaimer. i'm not a historian. i am a legal academic. i'm a lawyer who is really interested in the way history influences the way legal doctrine develops. professor saul will be better at actually speaking with authority and detail on the actual historical regulations. instead, i want to offer a framing for you about how the supreme court does and may use history to justify its con