in 1933 nazi party leader. adolf hitler was appointed chancellor and his government quickly transformed germany's fragile democracy into a dictatorship that persecuted -- and thousands of others based on a racist ideology in which so-called aryans were superior. leaders and average people here in the united states were becoming increasingly alarmed at germany's turn toward a violent police state and this made them wary of competing in the berlin games. so against this backdrop, i'd like to start with you damien. can you tell us a little bit about the debate over whether the united states should participate in the berlin games? i think you're absolutely right that this became a serious point of contention americans from the international. excuse me, the american olympic committee the amateur athletic union debated this and they debated it vigorously even taking trips to germany to to see things for themselves every brundage who was one of the leading figures in american sports was a little cypress supporter of t

, just one of the worst nazis. he sits down with him and he tells him we will let you live as long as you agree to focus on cancer. you know, it is an extraordinary moment. what makes it more extraordinary is one, that you find out that i discovered in a daily planner that he has met on that same day to talk about him with victor. and that would be interesting in any event. the day is june 21, 1941. this is one of the most important days in all of nazi -- in the entire sort of nazi project. only hours later, at dawn the next morning, they launch an operation, which is at the time the biggest military operation in history. the german tanks will hours later be rolling into soviet territory, you know, risking the entire nazi project. and meanwhile, on that date, june 21st, just before it happens, they are all busy dealing with him, talking about his cancer science. sure enough, in a diary late that night, he and hitler are staying up and talking about how they will announce to the german people that they have just inv

the american nazi party. remember we did the political spectrum and dealt with neo-nazis?he american nazi party is way outen the right wing. and the farther out you go in the political spectrum, the more inclined to what are you? violence. to do what? bring about political change. the american nazi party files for a permit to march through what is it? skoky, illinois on adolph hitler's birthday, and the march through the jewish section of town in full nazi uniforms. the city said no, we're not giving you the permit. and the nazis said you're violating our freedom of assembly and, on top of that, our freedom of speech. because by marching on adolph hitler's birthday, we're expressing our political view. and it was denied. they sued. and you know what the american nazi party did? they got the aclu, the american civil liberties union to defend them. now, the aclu, you familiar with it? the american civil liberties union is a very liberal group made up, essentially, of lawyers and they take cases that they feel are right and they argue them pro bono, for free. the nazis on the

against nazi, germany. against nazi, germany. captioning performed by vitac some might deny the truth about the atrocities committed against eisenhower recognized then that one day some might deny the truth about the atrocities committed against european jews and other victim groups. please post your questions for susan in the comments section and we'll get to as many of them live as possible. so let's begin by understanding a little bit of the forces that shaped your grandfather's background. what was he born and raised and what was family like for him growing up? >> well, ike was actually born in dennison, tennessee, but grew up in abilene, kansas, and he was part of the german-american community that had emigrated to the united states in 1741. this family were deep believers in pacifism. they abhorred alcohol, cigarettes and dancing and they were a religious family. you can see ike on the extreme left. he's the blond of the family. these are six -- six boys altogether. there were seven sons originally, o

he believes that the nazi party phenomenon will be short-lived. and just saying in this will be over in six months a lot of people believed this and otto warburg, he said i was here before hitler nobody is going to chase me out of here. an amazing thing is that he was harassed again and again in the early 30s. they come to his institute and they're saying why don't you why aren't you sending them to our marches and stuff and why aren't you using hitler's solution you refuse to do it. what if you have a flag upgraded is limited and he chases them out of the screams at them. and he gets away with it. i almost doesn't. they tolerated him because he was such an important scientists in the early years he had all of this rockefeller backing. in the early 30s, germany to some extent took care of the national reputation. so he had some advantages over other scientists, he was only half joyce, only his mother was left 1935, there's essential rule. there was a lot going on but really nobody was more vulnerable, not only he had jewish father but he was livin

does it say to do anything other than to destroy nazi power? and so then i thought well he didn't have to do it. so why did he and i started getting curious about that particular element and the more i looked into his career the more i saw that he was often telling hard truths to people he was closest associated with now. i'm not saying he was closely associated with germany point except ethnically, but you know, he was a truth teller and he all so had an uncanny capacity to assess whether or not something he was doing could be sustained over a longer period of time now in sheer leadership. he believed that accountability truth telling and building positive relationships, you know, we're fundamental to his leadership and i think we see a time and time again in his record. so it's very moving to this program specifically because it was the holocaust museum and all you do there that really gave me the inspiration to look into how brave it was even to admit that the stock from which he came. could have been so compromised and you know in terms of

germany, people thought, well, he must be a nazi. in fact, he despised the nazis and hated them, but, you know, it didn't look good that he had stayed the whole time. so he gets his appointment, and he comes to the university of illinois and, you know, he brings his partner, jacob. one of my favorite details from the book is thathe's the most pathetic human being -- [laughter] >> right. >> the look on his face walking into the frat house. but, you know, he gets involved in this huge debate about photosynthesis, you know? his life was always competing with other scientists about photosynthesis in particular, and then he proceeds to drive everybody in the laboratory crazy not just with his disputes, but he says it's too warm, you know, he's used to working in these cold german buildings, so everybody is walking around in their winter coats, and he's never happy with the equipment or with who his given, you know, assistant is. at one point he literally is driverring emerson -- driving emerson crazy. he doesn't know what to do with himse

even as the allies continue their fight against nazi, germany. eisenhower recognized then that, one day, some might deny the truth about the atrocities committed against european jews, and other victim groups. during the course of today's show -- susan in the comments section and we will get you as many live as possible. so, let's begin by understanding a little bit of the forces that shaped her grandfather's background, susan. where was he born and raised? what was family life like for him growing up? >> well, ike was born in denison, texas, but grew up in abilene, kansas. and there, he was part of a german american community that had emigrated to the united states and in 1741. this family where people believers and pacifism. they poured alcohol, cigarettes, and dancing. they were actually a very religious family. you can see ike there over on the extreme left. he is the blond of the family. and these are six boys altogether, seven sons originally. one died in infancy. so, ike was a real student of history as a young boy and often had to be remi

. >> it's the next page over one minute after he said very fine people he said not the neo-nazis.ed them totally. that is the exact quote. not the neo-nazis i condemned them totally it's right there in the book less than one minute later he says the neo-nazis he condemns them and i was totally ignored because 61 seconds after he said there's fine people on both sides so the media conveniently cut it off and a story but literally one minute later he says not the neo-nazis to know how much better he can do to say not the neo-nazis. >> but he did say there's very fine people on both sides. maybe i am a literalist and with that condemnation of the neo-nazis myself and internalized at that yes he condemned those people and then also said very fine people on both sides how is that a hoax so that they deliberately chopped off that context to pretend it didn't exist? >> over time he called neo-nazis very fine people he specifically did not i think originally there was a big debate whether statues should come down some people wanted them to come down because it represented something theyhi

but literally one minute later he said but not the neo-nazi. i don't how much better he can do then to say not the neo-nazi. >> but it is a there's very fine people on both sides. maybe i am a literalist. and i saw the condemnation of the neo-nazi myself and you see condemned those people and said very fine people on both sides. i don't see how that is a hoax so is it your contention that people deliberately chopped off that other context and pretended it didn't exist quick. >> over time it morphed into he called neo-nazis very fine people which he did not. originally it was a big debate if the statues should come down the people wanted them to come down because they represent something they don't like our then they think it is defensible and then they would march but then obviously the radical people with the tiki torches were not defending anything in charlottesville that these people were probably protesting because they didn't want the statues taken down it wouldn't call them very fine people i would not comment neo-nazis but they were cond

part of it is he believes the nazi phenomena is going to be short-lived. just give him enough rope to hang himself. a lot of people believe this, and he said i was here before hitler. no one is going to take me out of here. and he made them think he is harassed again and again. they come to the institute and why aren't you sending your researchers to the marches. he is livid and chases them out and screams and it's amazing that he gets away with it. he almost doesn't. they tolerate him because he was such an important scientist in the early years. in the early 30s, germany didn't care about the international reputation so he had some advantages. nobody should have been moreut vulnerable than leaving with his male partner,as he had not ceasd could have gotten rid of him at any time and they put up with him and harassed him but they don't chase him out of the institute. all of the colleagues by the late 30s are gone and it's too late for him to leave. it really comes to the head in an extraordinary way were finally he's the only person of jewish descent who

one minute later literally he says not the neo-nazis. and how much better he could do then to say not the neo-nazis. >> it is a there's very fine people on both sides. maybe i am just a literalist maybe i saw condemnation of the neo-nazis himself. and then said very fine people on both sides i don't see how that is a hoax and then to chop off that context and pretend it didn't exist? big over timet it morphed into he called the nazis very fine people that heor did not. originally it was a big debate whether statues should come down because they represent something that they like and some people like the statues and they represent something and then they march and then people on both sides and then the radical people were not defending anything at charlottesville at all but these people who are there that were just protesting i don't know if i would call them very fine people that they are not neo-nazis some more and they were condemned. into act like every single person there is a neo-nazis laughable. treating it like the greatest hate c

the british american newsreel is claimed that the polish refugees for victims of the nazis, not of the soviets, from one little town in poland, a 1000 men, women, and children land from the nazis into russia. when the nazis followed, they pushed on through mountain and desert. 3000 miles to persia. haven in iran on the field. behind the scenes though, the british were helping the polish government in exile gather testimony about what the poles devised. in 16 years before alexander such, an eton would even start reading the leg archipelago. 118000 post citizens in iran were testifying about the repressive force labor system and soviet union. but their voices would almost totally disappear. i while they were recovering in iran, one of the 1st things the refugees did was posed for a family photograph. why would refugees rush to get their picture taken maybe to show their families spread out in other places that they were alive in the looking at these women and children, maybe it was to prove to themselves as well. the deportees had no images of siberia . but these photos captured in iran

the taliban are a modern version of the nazis, and if this was dresden, do you think british -- sorry, not dresden. if this was dunkirk, do you think british yachting pilots, the british captains that were sailing their boats heroically into dunkirk, do you think they were asking on the beaches if the people they were picking up were brits or french or just trying to get people away from the nazis? every afghan we leave behind is going to be left behind to a horrible existence, and if we don't take them now while we can it is as much on us as on the taliban who will hang or behead them. >> matt, our friend paul rieckhoff tweeted a couple of hours ago 6,000 troops is not adequate to do what you just described, which is still hopefully the mission of the administration, tell me what it looks like if adequately staffed and funded? >> i have been saying we need to send the entire 82nd airborne. we probably need to send the second marine expeditionary force, two units we keep on 24-hour recall. we should retake every airfield we just gave up. it sounds ridiculous and is not feasible, but t

but if the poles in africa had been victims of nazis and the nazis had been defeated, why weren't they going home? after 6 years of a war that started was pulling, being invaded, unoccupied. it still wasn't free. it was fully occupied by one of the 2 countries that had invaded it in 1939, the soviet union, while the post refugees, prince, african were eventually we settled in england, australia, canada, and other countries. they were left off, the posts were monuments and slowly, over time, the story was quietly swept away. where you're born used to be. poland. now it's not as russia. russia it's bearers. so are you pose? yes, we are polish. yeah, your part a shout from loveland. listen. to some polar and it was all we have a cool and everything and don't think we have directions or something. no, we are pure polish. so she spend your whole life overseas. where does, where is your pollution? how can you be? oh, it will be polish. have our church just have our musicians and they say all my children and they went to the school. busy and they were young in canada, so they, oh, cd auto exc

at charlottesville and marched like the nazis at nuremberg and that was purposeful. we thought that that broke up after charlottesville. we thought we had put them down. as i monitored them for those years, you could see that they had gone underground. what was happening was they were congealing. and by the summer of 2020 with the george floyd protest, they had come back together as a paramilitary of the trump campaign unofficially. and in -- after the 2020 election, they have appointed themselves an insurgency. they carried out exactly what i predicted last november. the first insurrection of what i suspect will be many insurrections. we are dealing with an insurgency in the united states, and they are now organized under the banner of trump. >> my pin tweet on twitter says exactly that, that the republican party, representative swalwell, is harboring that insurgency and it is a white nationalist insurgency, let's just be blunt. it breaks down along the lines of this idea of replacement theory, which malcolm just mentioned. so replacement theory, representative swal

they have given me their robes and hoods, and nazi swastika flags.hreats from the people in the organisations who still belong, so they're putting their own lives at risk renouncing this. so, yes, it does work. and, you know, if it didn't work, why are we hoping for change? why don't we all just separate and go our separate ways? you say you've only worked with people who, you know, in one way or another, have changed their minds or been open to persuasion... no, i didn't say that. i work with anybody and everybody. not everybody is going to change, of course. just like not everybody is going to get vaccinated, you know? there will be people who will go to their graves being racist and anti—semitic, and hateful and violent, and there may be no changing them. but i have proven that even if people of that mind—set are willing to sit down and have a conversation with someone like me, there is the opportunity to plant a seed. and the important thing is, you must come back and nurture that seed so that it will bloom and grow in the right direction. and i'

from that moment onward the supreme commander counted on a weekend nazis troops.f the sturdiest symbols of the war. with this crossing in march 1995 the heart of the enemies defenses was cracked. there remained a substantial tax of mopping up what was left of the enemies across the line. and accepting the surrender in the drugs that began to appear. the great cities of the enemies were in rubble as allied troops move them in the last stages of the enemies defeat. both commander and gi were able to find the exultation that comes when victories close. victory came finally with the german surrender in the school house on may the 7th 1945. the return to peace was signaled by the supreme commander. >> i have the proud privilege of speaking for our victorious armies of almost 5 million. they and the women who have assisted them consist of the people have liberated europe. they have captured and destroyed enemy armies. canadian, french american and british forces, i want to present a picture of the utmost efficiency, skill, loyalty and devotion to duty. the united nation

across the channel the heavy fortifications lining the coast of france bespoke the nazi's belief thatpush the invading armies back into the sea. in france alone 58 german divisions were waiting, preparing for the invasion was a job without let up. incessant and realistic training was of paramount importance. the challenges of morale, the myriad of details of coordination on every level, all these were overwhelming. but through those tense months in the early part of 1944 the preparations continued. and finally after being postponed one day because of weather conditions the eve of the day of decision was at hand. the commander visited the airborne troops who would lead the invasion. i found the men in fine gettel he wrote later joshingly admonishing me that i had no cause for worry. d-day with the fate of the war hanging in the balance. half a million troops backed by millions more faced outward across the stormy sea. on beaches that dotted the french coast of the channel, british, canadian and american troops touched shore. the first fateful moment passed and allied troops were holdin

it predates the nazi era. in 1930 when germany was awarded the right to host the 1936 olympic games, which was a very powerful signal signals the return to good standing in the international community following the first world war. in 1933, nazi party leader adolf hitler was appointed chancellor and his government quickly transforms germany's fragile democracy into a dictatorship that persecuted jews and thousands of others based on a racist ideology so-called aryans were superior. leaders in average people here in the united states were becoming increasingly armed and germany toward against the backdrop i begin to start with you. q tells a little bit about the debate whether the united states should participate in the berlin game americans from the international i'm sorry the american olympic committee, the young and debated this trips things for themselves, with one of the leading figures in american sports supporter of the idea of american participation. in a very close vote to support the olympic to partic

and from that moment onward, the supreme commander counted on weakened nazi resistance.est symbols of the war. with its crossing in march 1945, the heart of the enemies' defenses was cracked. there remained the substantial task of mopping up what was left of the enemy west of the rhein. and accepting his surrender in the droves that began to appear. the great cities of the enemy's fatherland were rubble as allied troops moved through them in the last stages of the enemy's defeat. both commander and g.i. were able to find the exultation that comes when victory is close. ♪♪ >> victory came finally with the german surrender in a schoolhouse on may 7, 1945. the return to peace was signalled by the supreme commander. >> i have the proud privilege of speaking for a victorious army of almost 5 million fighting men. they, and the women who have so ably assisted them, constitute the allied expeditionary forces that have liberated western europe. they have captured or destroyed enemy armies totaling more than their own strength. merely to name my principal subordinates in the cana

chief prosecutor for nazi war crimes. this new and exciting legal pursuit attracted bessie, who in may 1946, went to nuremberg to help organize what became the american military tribunal. for her six-month tour of duty, the army's commanding officer acknowledged bessie's role in drafting the rules that govern the war crimes trials of some 200 second tier nazis, the judges, the doctors, and the industrialists. in december 1946, bessie returned to the labor department, epitomizing the new postwar ideal of a glamorous career girl succeeding in a man's world of law. she was featured in the january 48 issue of glamour then known as the magazine quote for the girl with a job. times have changed. but glamour did not interfere with grit. by the time she retired in 1972, bessie had directed the preparation and review of approximately 750 supreme court and other appellate briefs and petitions. most impressively margolin briefed and personally argued 174 cases in the supreme court and other courts combined, winning an astounding 8 o

you know have not only people who could come up with the same hatred that the nazis did. but if they got weapons modern weapons how easy it would be to cause every town to look like this to suffer such losses this this is this moment this the you know should be a joyous time. the war is over. everyone's gonna coming home and it was to but there's also realization that if we if if they don't get a control on this that the live loss the hatred will will kill everybody. so i called. three three major stations after the war. he's the chief of staff of the army. he ends up being president of columbia university. and then just as he's really getting full stride enjoying that job. truman calls him back and makes him the supreme allied commander of european forces for the northland tree. he was really enjoying what he was doing at columbia because he felt like he was working to better the lives of people through education in pushing for. peace. and each post he did that was kind of his thing was start looking for the way for a lasting. peace. this lasting piece he's said can't be

that to save lives and to foster the peace and get going after our common enemy, the nazis, you made the right decision. however, this was a tough diplomatic -- his first -- eisenhower's first real diplomatic choice and it was a tough one and it left a bad taste in his mouth. he was pretty sure he was going to get fired over this. and in the end it worked out. so the alliance was not easy in itself. there is diplomacy going on and if you look at the first picture on the left, you have montgomery and patton standing there looking at a map together. it is my opinion and if you could get those two guys to fight on the same side and agree long enough to conduct operations, then you're pretty good at diplomacy. because those -- it was not easy for those two to work together. each nation has its individual political ideas in how things should be run. this was a contest of wills between the u.s. and great britain even as the alliance where to attack next, what is the best strategy? do we go on a narrow or a broad front or go for the underbelly or go for d-day. this is a constant discussion.

sides, every part of the allies are one in the same thing to defeat germany and bring an end to the nazi rain. this keeps and focused on winning the peace, and how to get to that piece. the common goals of each nation have to be, you don't look at the differences, you look at the common goals, you go with that. that is how you and conflict, that is how you build peace. at the end of the war ike learns, he comes back that ida had taught him years ago that -- it's utah. the cause of hatred itself. when the discovery of concentration camps, this is a watershed front. walking through the concentration camp, he is witnessing the culminating effects of all this hatred. and if you look at the photo on the left look on ike's face i am hard-pressed if you will ever find another picture of him being so angry. that is we've always grown-ups seeing photos of him smiling or having a serious look. that's the look of anger right there, and rightfully so. this is what happens when the commonalities of men are ignored. when people disparage the customs and traditions of one another. when they failed to u

he is a decorated soldier who fought the nazis in europe. he returns to the fwhids, and he's, again, discharged with honor from the army. he takes a bus south, heading home to south carolina. on the way home on the bus, he asks the bus driver whether he could stop to use the rest room. there was a policy for bus drivers to allow passers in to take a bathroom break. as lynn pointed out, many of the soldiers who came back after having fought for democracy in europe were expecting to be treated with some sense of designate it in here in the united states, to be treated with honor, to be treated with respect, to be treated as equals. so isaac -- sergeant isaac wood ard is on this bus traveling south. the bus driver does not want to stop to allow him to use the rest room. there may have been somewhat of a -- you know a confrontation on the bus, verbal confrontation on the bus. we are not quite sure what happened. but at the next town the bus driver stopped, he calls the police. the police chief in this south carolina town greets the bus. he pulls