are the charlie hebdo car tunes protected? >> thank you very much for the question.y important, of course, because it is an important difference between french and the u.s., and on this topic, and the question of limitation. the first difference is in terms of legal protection because of course, we do not have a similar first amendment. the freedom of speech is protected by different statutes and very important statutes in france. of course, they are also very important decisions from the french constitution, so the french constitutional court. also, the europe human rights. the very wide scope of freedom of speech is very different in france compared to the u.s. and in relation to what just has been said, for instance, in order to limit the freedom of speech or the press freedom, the requirement is not as high as the imminent violence requirement or the danger requirement. actually, the french approach to freedom of speech is really more balanced, i would say. and i will talk about this maybe later. but actually, journalists, media, et cetera, of course understood a

when i could tell you about the charlie hebdo debate is that even though surely hebdo is protected bynch laws, it does not mean that there is a unified understanding of these caricatures and france. it is the cause of major debates -- a theater where the controversy has played out. it's important to remember that even though france seems to be unified, and the french president seems to be pushing forward saying we must protect the freedom of expression of these journalist sent of these cartoonists, it does not mean that it, that all society agrees on. that le monde was really keen after the attack to say "je suis charlie", a expression that the big part of france embraced. i don't think that anybody in the news room was a green with that. it's important to remember that there are divisions and other ways to look at these issues, the practice of freedom, raises those questions. it should be welcomed. they're part of democratic expressions. as a journalist i feel very much protected by the laws which exist in france. they put borders on what we can do. the call to violence is really cle

i attack followed the charlie charli hebdo attack.- attack followed the charlie charli hebdo attack.olitical charli hebdo attack. i am a political scientist _ charli hebdo attack. i am a political scientist making . political scientist making comparison and the best way of making sense of secularism and france and the terrorist attacks is to make a comparison with make country the united states and we are now approaching the 28 year anniversary of september 11, and very similar questions asked here and there and i think after a few years, the united states really focused on citizenship and not discriminating, and in the last 20 years there has been major steps forward in the united states for the integration of muslim minority into mainstream. but in france, there has been too much emphasis on singling out muslim minority, and passing laws to restrict islam's public visibility, and the secularists coalition including the france both the left—wing and right wing, president macron declared they need an enlightened islam, so i think from an american point of view it is really problemati

the killings shocked everyone, and all the cartoonists at charlie hebdo, the older ones had been workingspapers and magazines for 50 years and are familiar with cartoons. so it was as if it killed someone familiar. and it was also this brutality that if you express something i do not like, i can kill you. ♪ >> afghanistan's former president has apologized for the taliban takeover in his country. he issued a statement saying his abrupt apartment was the only way to save lives. he says he left on the advice of palace security because he was told that remaining in kabul risk setting off what he called -- risked setting off what he called the same street to street fighting that set off the civil war in the 1990's. he also addresses claims he fled with millions of dollars belonging to the afghan people, calling them categorically false. andy apologized to the afghan people that he couldn't make it end friendly. he did not comment on the taliban. here is our south asia correspondent. reporter: today, he is giving reasons for why he decided to leave in the manner he d on august 15. he said he w

. >> host: "charlie hebdo". >> guest: that was sort of the straw that broke the camel's back for me which, of course, everyone knows what happened with charlie help doe, several -- "charlie hebdo", several jihad diss burst into the longest satire magazine in france's history. "charlie hebdo", the magazine, had made fun of jews, christians, they had made fun of muslims, of all the political leaders in france. it had been a equal opportunity offender. well, these jihadists, obviously, were not happy they were in this case making fun of islam and had a cover with mohamed on it, and they shot up the artists, killed several of the cartoonists and writers, over the next couple days they were still out on the streets, they shot at people at a kosher supermarket. and what was interesting to me, a profoundly horrific event is, an absolute assault on free speech and freedom of expression, but broadly speaking, the left was suddenly defending the jihadists like, oh, don't poke the bear, don't make cartoons of things they don't want you to make cartoons of, don't talk about things they don't want you

you wrote a piece about the charli hebdo controversy in france explaining why in america? the publication of the charlie hebdo cartoons although considered blasphemous by some would but absolutely be protected by the first amendments of the constitution. tell us why the first amendment protects blasphemy what the central cases that protect blasphemous expression are and under what circumstances in the first amendment on offensive speech can be banned. so there have been laws in the united states in the past that prohibited blasphemy and if you go back to the late 18th and early 19th centuries, they were occasional prosecutions for blasphemous speech but over the last hundred years or so, it's become clear that the concept of punishment for blasphemy clearly violates both the free speech clause of the constitution and the free exercise clause of the constitution and there to my knowledge hasn't been a successful prosecution for blasphemy in this country in close to a century. the the charlie head goes situation the issue that would arise today would be less one of that blas

indeed our 'ustice for the charlie hebdo trial last _ for the charlie hebdo trial last year, those are that doesn't happen in france ever. but thatis doesn't happen in france ever. but that is for the record and for history. first of all is the biggest child that we'd known in france. we had to build a special room that has a capacity of 550 attendance in the audience which did not exist in france. because they want the possibility of his many people to cover it is possible and to see that justice has been carried out properly. in accordance to french law when it comes to a terrorism trial it isjudged law when it comes to a terrorism trial it is judged by five professional french judges and not by a jury. in the idea is first of all to try and find out what happened, how they were radicalised, what networks they have those might be revived today, especially in the view of afghanistan. also to the hundreds of victims and families of victims to give closure. so that is a huge thing. thejudgment is expected in may of next year. it's going to last over nine months. aha, going to last over

you had charlie hebdo. he had attacks that were not even in the u.s. so i think the issue of grappling with this, and it is very uncomfortable, but it has to be done. i am perfectly happy to be called and islamophobia if the person calling me that is associated with a terrorist organization. a phobia is an irrational fear. it is not irrational to fear a terrorist organization. that is the distinction that i wish is made more. not talking about this gives them some purchase, some leverage to shut people up and intimidate them. >> pete, i want to get your comments, but i also want to raise the ongoing trial of the mastermind behind the attacks. his trial is still underway 20 years later. i wonder, you've done a lot of work on guantanamo. what are your concerns about that and biden's apparent intention to freak the guantanamo prisoners? rep. hoekstra: as we would say in congress, let me associate my views with the woman from new york. she bravely stated, she will get some slack for it, but thank you for speaking with that type of clarity and honesty. one

it is clear that from that moment, charlie hebdo was focused -- that's not to say there wasn't a nationr it was excusable, but it was focused, but what happened there and elsewhere was larger in scale, as you say, but the consequence is that it touches far more people. those people in france can remember where they were when they heard about what was going on. you almost lived it in real time because it went on so long, but that responsive politics, where you have seen, even on the left, a more security focused discourse, tough on terrorism, but that leads to other things, a particular kind of terrorism, islamic fundamentalist terrorism, so that space has become what is inhabited by a lot of political parties, and we will see this, and one of the coincidences is that this trial will play out pretty much all the way through until the second round of the presidential election, but the background to that i that there is a much harder attitude it seems to me in french politics, but also generally in french society over questions of identity of immigration. anchor: could we say that all of t

after the paris attacks, she joined charlie hebdo to stand in solidarity with her fellow citizens.n the socially engaged newspaper. - was my reaction as a citizen. all i can do is write. so i wrote them and i said: "guys, if i can help..." it's all i can do. i don't know if i always agree with them, but that's what i like. - how do you think parisians have reacted to the obscenely grotesque terror attacks? - i had a reaction of love. i really cherished the wounded city, and i wanted to stay even more. it's new, that it's a wounded city. it's bizarre. it was a very proud city. it's never been a victim, paris. never. all i know is that in my novels, i now integrate in the characters, now, in their day-to-day life, this fear. this tension. it's new, but i cannot write my novels as if nothing had happened. look, permis de végétaliser. you see, somebody applied for permission to plant. he or she hasn't started, obviously. - so there will be... they can do whatever they want. they can plant food? - yes, yes. tomatoes, whatever. - yeah. so we're walking past all sorts of nice gardens. how

. >> ...heavily armed, apparently well trained, arrived at the offices of "charlie hebdo"... >> narrator>> tashfin malique, the female attacker in san bernardino, she and her husband, said farouque, lived among us, walking this very sidewalk, lived in this complex... >> narrator: anti-muslim fear that trump readily exploited. >> they want our buildings to come down, they want our cities to be crushed. they are living within our country. >> there was this hatred toward muslims, as if they just hated americans and they wanted to kill americans. >> calling for a total and complete shutdown of muslims entering the united states. >> trump really came in and articulated a lot of the things that were already whispered. >> i think islam hates us. there's something, there's something there that, there's a tremendous hatred. >> trump took all of that anti-muslim rhetoric, anti- muslim hate, and weaponized it and used it inside of our own country to enact his agenda. >> the innovation that trump used, like many a great demagogue that preceded him, was to switch. the reason we have not been successf