want to give just due to some of the other authors -- shelley buckman at sanford and laura choi at the san francisco fed, louis siegelman at boston university. catarina, i am curious about the broadening nature of this paper, because when you look at some of the inequality issues before and you look at them in the context of trying to put empirical data on it, we looked at it as to what is happening within our borders between the united states. this paper seems to go after the idea that what is happening with regards to inequality is putting the u.s. at a competitive disadvantage versus the rest of the world. i wonder if you could expend what they were trying to explain that point. catarina: absolutely. one of the big problems with the economy is the impact they have on how much we can put out. if we have fewer workers working in economy every day, and the u.s. among rich countries is the employment rates, if we hadest fewer workers producing, that is a small economy. it puts us at a huge disadvantage compared to other countries. this is looking at other rich countries. caroline: nothi