-pakistan ties, including some questioning pakistan's status as a major ally. meanwhile in islamabad, prime minister khan said the u.s. and pakistan had had "a terrible relationship over the past two decades." i have to say i don't envy your job these days in the current environment. but i wonder, given those positions on both sides, where do you feel the relationship is headed? where would you say the most constructive areas to focus on our on the horizon -- are on the horizon? >> i think the beauty of this relationship, there never is a dull moment. it is going well and it is not. i think in coming back to what they announced earlier in terms of -- between the prime minister and the president. we do not use telephone calls as a measure of where the relationship stands. that should not be used. if that was to be used, we have had interactions, numerous between nsa and foreign minister . the nsa coming here. these changes are continuing. i have seen, frankly, both sides in mutual, how should i say, activation in the public space. but we have always had a lot in

pakistan is good _ pakistan. this is also a myth. pakistan is good at _ pakistan.t peddling l pakistan. this is also a myth. i pakistan is good at peddling it. what it wants more than anything is instability that it can manage. and also, pakistan will use the refugee story as a part of its usual strategy. pakistan likes to be thought of as the fire brigade, when pakistan is in fact the arsonist. they would absolutely deny that. but how they would absolutely deny that. pm how do you... they would absolutely deny that. but how do you... let _ they would absolutely deny that. but how do you... let me _ they would absolutely deny that. but how do you... let me come - they would absolutely deny that. but how do you. .. let me come back- they would absolutely deny that. but how do you... let me come back to l how do you... let me come back to what user. — how do you... let me come back to what user, instability _ how do you... let me come back to what user, instability that - how do you... let me come back to what user, instability that it - how do you... let me come bac

of pakistan. and for that, we will use every means at our disposal that includes the kinetic means, and that includes other options, also. but for now, i think it is really, it's too soon to say what and what means and we are going to use, but as i side, that for us, the real objective is to make sure that we are able to-- we do not allow any entity or any group to operate from our territory or to operate against us or to challenge the state. >> all right. i want to turn now, as our time is unfortunately running short, to the u.s.-pakistan relationship. we've talked a lot about afghanistan today. but i think as we've heard already, you alluded to the hearings going on in congress, which i'm sure you've been following closely, and so strong words from both sides in recent days, i mean, washington, members of congress from both sides of the oil have called for a reassessment of the u.s.-pakistan ties, including some questioning that concerns status as a major nonnato ally and said with cnn that the

pakistan relationship. we talked a lot about afghanistan today. but i think as we have heard already, you eluded to the hearings going on in the caucus which i'm sure you have been following closely. we have seen some strong words from both sides in recent days. washington, members of congress on both sides f of the aisle called for a reassessment of the pakistan ties and putting some e questioning of the status as a major non-nato ally and said in an interview the u.s. and pakistan have had, quote, a terrible relationship over the past two decades. i have to say i do not envy your job these days in the current environments. but given the frustration on those sides, where do you see the relationship headed and where would you say the most constructive areau to focus are in those clauses on the horizon? >> i think the beauty of the relationship there never is a dull moment. coming back to what they asked earlier. first of all, we do not use the telephone call as a measure of the relationship stand and that s

it's not because of pakistan. pakistan has one really im ortant of pakistan.portant lever that _ of pakistan. pakistan has one really important lever that it _ of pakistan. pakistan has one really important lever that it could - of pakistan. pakistan has one really important lever that it could lose i important lever that it could lose to get what it wants in afghanistan. and that is the question of recognising the taliban as the legitimate government. are you going to do that? just legitimate government. are you going to do that? , ., g ., to do that? just one thing, john, i want to make _ to do that? just one thing, john, i want to make clear. _ to do that? just one thing, john, i want to make clear. people - to do that? just one thing, john, i want to make clear. people don'tl want to make clear. people don't understand the afghan character. afghans are a country which do not accept outside interference. we were accept outside interference. we were a country in 2001 that recognised the taliban government. when after 9/11 the us asked us to help them flush o

at least employed pakistan-u.s. pakistan-pakistan-u.s. relationships relationships -- but before i'm getting to that, let me first congratulate you on taking over as director of the program. a long experience of working on the region. i am sure you will add great value to the important work that has been done over the years and highlighting the issues in washington, d.c. and i also would like to thank colonel dave smith for joining this conversation this morning, and i certainly look forward to a productive exchange today. now, really, i think you have, i would say, characterized the situation appropriately. afghanistan clearly is at an inflection point. and there was also clearly a new reality in afghanistan that we all need to see. i think the choices for pakistan, the choices for the region, and the choices for the international community are really clear. which is to whether engage afghanistan or to abandon afghanistan. or to let them be on their own. and clearly, i think, choosing the engagement track perhaps gives us a good possibil

to pakistan i_ foreign secretary, welcome to pakistan.ding the red - pakistan. i have a question regarding the red list. - pakistan. i have a question regarding the red list. in i pakistan. i have a question. regarding the red list. in the backdrop _ regarding the red list. in the backdrop of— regarding the red list. in the backdrop of the _ regarding the red list. in the backdrop of the red - regarding the red list. in the backdrop of the red list - regarding the red list. in the - backdrop of the red list decision, the relationship _ backdrop of the red list decision, the relationship between - backdrop of the red list decision, l the relationship between pakistan and the _ the relationship between pakistan and the uk, — the relationship between pakistan and the uk, it— the relationship between pakistan and the uk, it seems— the relationship between pakistan and the uk, it seems to _ the relationship between pakistan and the uk, it seems to be - the relationship between pakistan. and the uk, it seems to be strained. even_ and the uk, it

it's not because of pakistan. it could lose to get what it wants in afghanistan. and that is the question of recognising the taliban as the legitimate government. are you going to do that? just one thing, john, i want to make clear. people don't understand the afghan character. afghans are a country which do not accept outside interference. we were a country in 2001 that recognised the taliban government. when after 9/11 the us asked us to help them flush out al-qaeda or asked the taliban to give up 0sama bin laden, pakistan tried its best. they flatly refused pakistan. so, this idea that afghanistan can be controlled from outside, its never happened. the moment any head of afghanistan is perceived as a foreign partner, he loses credibility. what you say is pakistan has recognition. i have spoken to a conference and i spoke to all the neighbours— iran, uzbekkistan. i spoke to the president there. all of us decided we will collectively take a decision to recognise afghanistan. that decision would depend upon will t

coming last year test for pakistan coming last year test for pakistan coming last year. it was in the depths of the pandemic, no crowds — pakistan came and plate, and english cricket was very grateful for that. they took on these to match —— two matches, and people wondered how this would go on. all those things, players not being happy to be there — have to be honest, the situation in pakistan has created more concern and caution in that part of the world now, the fact they have to be in a bio bubble, the fact that security would've been stifling even for those 3—4 days they were going to be there, then onto the next bio bubble in the uae and the world 2020, then onto another bio bubble into australia. and you can see from an employer's point of view, this is not a good situation for their employees and players to be in. that's why they chose this route to go down, and it's more difficult for pakistan to argue against that then this rather non—specified security threat that new zealand employed. you talk about the goodwill of pakistan to come here last summer when engla

, especially - pakistan is going to have the negotiations, especially we - pakistan is going to havem the taliban we have seen in the past few days, asking for financial aid as well, and we have seen the same offered from china, but people say he is there to talk about the mechanisms, not only citizens of the country, to get them from afghanistan, but also to talk about establishing some form of government so they could get financial aid, government so they could get financialaid, but government so they could get financial aid, but yes, you are right. there are people here in pakistan who are asking this question but is this the first step towards setting up a new regime in afghanistan or not?— afghanistan or not? thank you, farhat javed. _ afghanistan or not? thank you, farhat javed. we _ afghanistan or not? thank you, farhat javed. we just _ afghanistan or not? thank you, farhat javed. we just about - afghanistan or not? thank you, | farhat javed. we just about kept afghanistan or not? thank you, - farhat javed. we just about kept the line there, thank you for your time. some gp su

the shower in pakistan 400,000 mujahideen. the shower in pakistan became _ 400,000 mujahideen. 400,000 mujahideen. the shower in pakistan became a centre - 400,000 mujahideen. the shower in pakistan became a centre for. in pakistan became a centre for the numerous competing mujahideen groups and their international supporters. weapons were pouring in and the distribution was controlled by the pakistan intelligence service, the isi. de the pakistan intelligence service, the isi.- the pakistan intelligence service, the isi. service, the 151. de isi gave out bullet — service, the 151. de isi gave out bullet per— service, the 151. de isi gave out bullet per bullet - service, the 151. de isi gave out bullet per bullet to - service, the 151. de isi gave| out bullet per bullet to their favourites, and who were the favourites, and who were the favourites but the most similar islamist and hardline islamist and ha rdline islamists. islamist and hardline islamists. this was away for the pakistani to really exert its influence inside afghanistan because what they hoped eventually was that

pakistan's su ort supported the taliban. pakistan's support for _ supported the taliban.r the — supported the taliban. pakistan's support for the taliban _ supported the taliban. pakistan's support for the taliban in - supported the taliban. pakistan's support for the taliban in the - supported the taliban. pakistan's i support for the taliban in the 1990s was crucial for the taliban, it was part of pakistan's old strategy of a friendly government on its western border, and put 2001, pakistan's centuries for the group have really played a crucial role in the group being able to regroup and launch its insurgency —— post—2001, pakistan �*s sanctuaries. the taliban positive families live in —— taliban's families live in pakistan. there were some recognition and encouragement of that from the pakistani government as well, and so there is anger at that coming from kabul and coming from various afghans all over the country, and the recent visit has inflamed tensions. there is also a fair bit of propaganda and fake news that inflames tensions, but the basic case of pakistan's su

what is pakistan view on that? do you think that the credentials committee which decides this that they should give the seat to the taliban? i think he could dentures committee could good and should think by giving a seat to the representative who was appointed by the previous government that fled and is no longer there. he has no boss who there is no boss. there is no acceptability. the rulers, in the authorities in cobble do not recognize him. what role can he play? who does he speak for? you know, you know, it's just a very practical way of looking at things who delete a present. so that's the un seat pakistan also has to decide as a country whether to recognise the taliban as the government of afghanistan. last time the taliban were in power. in the 1900 ninety's, you are one of just 3 governments. recognize the taliban. what are your thoughts on that? because that will be decision for you and for your prime minister enron con. do you think it is time soon to recognise the tell about we are, we are watching vid

in pakistan and the taliban have received medical care and they come and go from pakistan.nition and acknowledgement of that from the pakistani government as well, and so there is anger at that coming from kabul and coming from afghans all over the country. and, of course, the dg isi's recent visit has inflamed tensions. there's also a fair bit of propaganda and fake news that inflames tensions, but the basic case of pakistan's support for the taliban is something that afghans feel very strongly about, and that is going to certainly play a role in a resistance, i think, to the taliban in the future. madiha afzalfor the madiha afzal for the brookings institution. if you want to know more about the interim taliban government, just go to our website, where you'll find more details on who's in the cabinet. well, let's take a look at some other stories in the headlines. angela merkel has addressed a regular session of the german parliament for the last time as chancellor before her successor is elected later this month. she has been in office for 16 years. during an unusually he

pakistan disagreed.de the kiwis to stay. translation: our security departments have no threat alert in information they did not perceive a threat alert and pakistan is playing a key role for peace in the world and pakistan is a big supporterfor peace and stability and against terrorism. pakistan has strong comprehensive coherence and top—level departments on this tour has been cancelled by conspiracy. it is more than 12 years since the sri lankan team bus was attacked in lahore which fails to pakistan's national team into exile and the united arab emirates. the cricket nation cut off from its heroes. the red bag has been lined with soldiers, safety and anti terrorism has been a priority. they persuaded major cricketing nations england were due to follow new zealand here next month but now the cricket board are assessing whether those t20 matches will still happen. the?t are assessing whether those t20 matches will still happen. they are “ust ullin: matches will still happen. they are just pulling the _ m

the taliban have released many leaders who have gone back to pakistan where they will be attacking pakistanis is a place that afghanistan is now a danger to the region and the world because of the mistakes the united states made. pakistan has played a dual row -- role as my former colleague and good friend ben hodges said. some people thought pakistan was an ally, they were wrong. there are parts of the pakistani leadership, civilians such as your colleague, who understand the situation. but in the military and intelligence in pakistan have supported the tell about -- taliban, but they are dangerous to refugees. that is what pakistan deserves in a sense because -- are american safer than they were six month ago, three years ago? no. >> general hodges, would you like to respond or add? the taliban is saying, or what they said during the agreement is that they would not allow afghanistan to be used as a haven for other terrorist groups to launch their attacks from there. >> looked, the taliban had a real challenge of their own. there are thousands of other extremists as he just talked about t

well, i think pakistan _ pakistan having all of this?ely pivotal. to anything that will happen in afghanistan, whether it is the shape of the future government or whether it is the humanitarian crisis that is unfolding as we speak. so, pakistan really holds the key and i think pakistan's generals are confident that they can can vent members of the international community that the taliban run afghanistan and the best way forward is to engage them and support them, to help them stabilise afghanistan, partly because the threat of terrorism from groups like isis k. pakistan thinks it's in a very advantageous position to shape how the world engages afghanistan and how afghanistan's government is shaped and how stable afghanistan is. i think they're quite confident that they have the leverage over the taliban to leave them direction that might be more compatible with recognition. some sort of acceptance by the international community so that the taliban can at least be de facto legitimised. bill that the taliban can at least be de facto legiti

refugee camps mushroomed alongside the borders inside pakistan. the camps became a recruiting ground for the mujahideen — the holy warriors. in february 1980, president carter's security adviser zbigniew brzezinski visited the refugee camps along the afg han—pakistan border. that land over there is yours. you'll go back to it one day, because your fight will prevail, and you'll have your homes, your mosques back again, because your cause is right and god is on your side. as more and more afghans were brought over the border into pakistan, a lot of them did not want to stay in pakistan as refugees, they wanted to go back and fight, but they wanted weapons to go and do it with, and other kinds of assistance. that was an opportunity that president carter took advantage of. the americans knew the local arms industry could never supply the demand for weapons, and with the saudis matching the american contribution dollar for dollar, the mujahideen started to get better equipment. we began to procure weapons, import them and get them to pakistan, where t

but today, pakistan's interior minister has said that pakistan would be allowing refugees. have to see, because what we notice here, there can be sometimes different ministers saying different things. nastasya: indeed, and it's really a very, very fluid situation in a number of countries, trying to get as many people out as possible as quickly as possible. i see a number of countries did ask for favors from third countries to house people temporarily. i see uganda has already -- what is it, 1.5 million refugees, the largest of any country in africa. i know a lot of those are primarily from south sudan democratic republic of congo, but now they're adding afghans to that mix. how do ugandans feel about that? >> well, i would say, for starters, uganda has always been a very welcoming country, like you have said, that we are surrounded by countries that are mostly in conflict. and we, as a nation, have a history of conflict, so we do understand what it means to be in a war and to flee from your home country. so basically, in uganda, we have a generous, i would say, foreign poli

with pakistan, they _ achieve in afghanistan? with pakistan, they have - achieve in afghanistan?they have been - achieve in afghanistan? ii�*u pakistan, they have been hosts to millions of afghan refugees going back to the soviet war. so there is a security issue for pakistan and then there is a political issue and economic ones as well. so pakistan has vital national interest it wants to pursue with its relationship with afghanistan, and i would think if you were sitting in azlam about you would want to see a stable afghanistan where you don't have a humanitarian crisis and having more refugees poor over the border. it is not in their interests for afghanistan's to interests for afg hanistan�*s to be interests for afghanistan's to be a launching pad for attacks against their interest in the region. i think pakistani will try to do the things that are lying to its security interests, but those things might also be in opposition to other countries that have previously had a lot of influence, like the united states, like england, like other countries in the west. 50 other countries

where they will be attacking pakistan. so this is a place san is now a place is a danger to the region and the world. and that's because of mistakes united states may, pakistan, has played a dual role as, as my former colleague and good friends, i've been hodges said that we thought pockets i was an, as some people like sounds like they were wrong. there are parts of the pakistani leadership civilian such as your call, your colleague understand the situation, but there are elements in the military leadership of the military and intelligence in pakistan have supported the taliban fully supported the taliban. but that's lead the consequences for pakistan. very dangerous, such as terrorism refugees, but that is what pakistan deserves in a sense because their leadership has supported, the tal body continues to do so. it's a very complicated situation. but bottom line to your question are american safer now than they were 6 months ago? 3 years ago, no, general hodges would you like to respond to that or add anything on the tali

and pakistan has of course _ his main agenda. and pakistan has of course always _ his main agenda.d supporting the taliban but how much influence do you think that they have, and they want to be seen to have a lot of influence?— influence? well, they are certainly _ influence? well, they are certainly wanting - influence? well, they are certainly wanting to - influence? well, they are certainly wanting to show influence? well, they are - certainly wanting to show the world that they have influence with the new government in kabul but, in fact, the way the taliban has worked over the years, there are different factions within it, some of which are closer to the pakistanis than others and what we�*re seeing is the jockeying for power in kabul is taking longer to sort out and that may be causing concern in islam are bad. and this is probably why we�*re seeing this visit now than at a different time. we're seeing this visit now than at a different time. there are so many — than at a different time. there are so many parties _ than at a different time. there are so many parties getting

it's not to mention over the 1000000 refugees in pakistan. should they be capital they wish for most let me respond to the 1st part of the come in the war may have become them for the americans wanting to see had become even more important. and one of them folded watershed moment down in history books as a markie, beginning of the end of american preeminence. this is the end of america. vital will be remembered in history for making the world deadly scattering. donavon man, again dotted on both ends, 2000 american soldiers. and what has been especially done for the us, expensive, comfortable blood pressure in along the law. yeah. ultimately helped its own entity. right. trying to get back to the boss while i don't want you to spoken and divide an administration, but i think he has already expressed in a number of speeches that he's decision was a board decision of mob letting even more american soldiers to be killed. if you consider this war to be winnable, so perhaps, you know, the moral decision would be to simply put an active. but can i a

pakistan, _ relations with the west? yes, certainly. pakistan, through l certainly.hrough soliciting deep suspicion about the role that pakistan, and the isi, have had in afghanistan and the way that they are playing both sides and over the years. i think it's important for islamabad to transition themselves as a conduit between western interests and the interests of the taliban so they can be an honest broker and moved with the more senior people that they can have their in these talks and that is why we are seeing the chief year so early in the piece. seeing the chief year so early in the piece-— seeing the chief year so early in the piece. would expect the new government _ in the piece. would expect the new government to _ in the piece. would expect the new government to look - in the piece. would expect the new government to look like i in the piece. would expect the l new government to look like and we are hearing reports of the delays to the formation because of rival factions. what you expected to be like? i of rival factions. what you expected to be like? i t

pakistan's spy chief visits kabul. what does it mean for the taliban's yet—to—be—announced government? meanwhile, the taliban claims its fighters are closing in on the last organised group defying them in the panjshir valley. here in the uk, labour says there's a "strong case" for offering all 12 to 15—year—olds covid vaccinations — the government's scientific advisors don't support it. tuna stocks recover after years of overfishing, but the future of other species is still on the line. hello and welcome to audiences in the uk and around the world. the head of pakistan's spy agency has visited afghanistan amid continued uncertainty about how the taliban proposes to rule the country. general faiz hameed is thought to be advising the military which is continuing its efforts to oust the resistance in the panjshir valley. the taliban have insisted all factions will be included in the new government, though it's not yet clear how that will work. our south asia correspondent, danjohnson, reports. the taliban says kabul is be

ross: we saw in that report anger directed towards pakistan, one of the claims being that pakistan useds to attack pan-shear. the bbc has not been able to verify that. here is some reaction to that from the information minister, speaking to the bbc. >> fairytales crafted by the indian media. they literally use a videogame to demonstrate that pakistan is part of the attack. when i see this in the indian media, it feels we are some suture -- supernatur power. countries don't act like that. ross: next we turn to germany. every german election is important of course, but the one coming down the track is perhaps even more so, the decision about who will replace angela merkel. she had already guided her party to four terms, but her current party is having a torrid time at the polls. we will start what is likely to be her final address to parliament as chancellor. here we see her walking into the lower house of parliament and after 16 years of addressing lawmakers here, it was quite a moment and she used it to attack her coalition partners, the centerleft spd, the party on the rise at the mome

as more and more afghans poured over the border into pakistan, a lot of them didn't want to stay in pakistangees, some of them wanted to go back and fight, but they wanted weapons to go and do it with, and other kinds of assistance. that was an opportunity that president carter took advantage of. the americans knew the local arms industry could never supply the demand for weapons, and with the saudis matching the american contribution dollar for dollar, the mujahideen started to get better equipment. we begin to procure weapons, import them and get them to pakistan, where the pakistani army built the beginning of what grew into an enormous support structure to receive weapons that would come in by sea, move them to the borders, get them to camps, in some instances train mujahideen, who would then take the weapons inside afghanistan and attack the soviets. all the weapons that we gave them were made — most of them were made in communist countries, we just bought them from the communists and then sent them into afghanistan. they used polish aks, czechoslovakian aks, hungarian aks, chinese aks,

pakistan intelligence chief was just in kabul. pakistan has an ally in kabul it did not previously have with the afghan government. they were generally both allies of the indians. pakistan, russia, china, even around to some degree now has somebody it can work with in kabul. they are providing some assistance to the taliban government and they are happy to see the u.s. depart. host: from woodbridge illinois, republican line. caller: the reason i'm calling, as you know, we cannot get the truth from the media. they are constantly lying to us. i want to change the conversation. would you be honest with the american people right now, if you could grade the intelligence services, what grade would you give them? guest: thank you. i will focus on the afghan context. i would say the intelligence services of the u.s. were quite accurate. i would give them a relatively high grade. they had been assessing over the course of 2021 the u.s. withdrawal, full withdrawal from afghanistan, would likely trigger a collapse of morale and other factors

goes on in afghanistan does not threaten the security of pakistan.genda. pakistan is always denied supporting the taliban, what influence do you think they have and do they want to be seen to have a lot of influence?— seen to have a lot of influence? , ., , ., ., influence? this or they want to show the world _ influence? this or they want to show the world that _ influence? this or they want to show the world that they - influence? this or they want to show the world that they have | show the world that they have influence of the new government influence of the new government in kabul, but in fact, the way that the taliban have worked over the years, there are different factions within it. some are closer to the pakistanis than others. and what we're seeing is the jockeying for power and kabul which is taking longer to sort out and that may be causing concern in islamabad. that is why we are seeing this visit now rather than at a different time. , . . time. decimate different arties time. decimate different parties trying _ time. decimate different

pakistan has always denied that, but it acknowledges having some leverage. there's a lot of speculation that this visit is really about discussions about the creation of a new government here in afghanistan. it's been nearly three weeks since the taliban took over kabul. they've still yet to establish one. some suggest that's because of internal rivalries within the group. whatever the cause, is prolonging this period of deep uncertainty about the future that many afghans are facing. turning to the situation in panjshir. it's the one place yet to be fully captured by the taliban. we've got conflicting reports coming out from there, but the taliban seem to be saying they made some advances. fighters call themselves the resistance are yet to be defeated. they've issued a statement warning of a potential humanitarian crisis developing in the region. the iranian president, ebrahim raisi, has said that the events in afghanistan prove that america has a disruptive influence around the world. speaking in an interview with iranian state television, he said the us ha

nancy, of them is though the biggest century find the national services pakistan. but these still are, are labeled as allies by washington. so. 2 the fact that that protest on such a long time has gone by this does a lot about the b warren get has been bass. and also does. there's a lot as to why this is more on guerra. how one of the ridge is last. the last bar just the time the war was, was, you know, was declared often i 11 off terrorism deeper and the why the in the world was let's see, trying to this warranty or residential, any. it's hard to argue with that, but we have to take a very short break right now. we will be back to the discussion in just a few moments. for me, i the back kaiser's financial aid is a girl. i want to be the central product support dong a call them i know they stopped in the me or i was a part of it brought me for a strategic studies at the center of policy research in new delhi, vincent chil, any before the break we were talking about the packet involvement in affairs. it's not like you haven't tried to, there's own pressure or implan

small numbers of people are crossing into pakistan and into iran.y generous in hosting afghan refugees, 90% of afghan refugees for the last a0 years have been in those two countries so we urge those two countries to keep their borders open to any new influx of afghan refugees. we are working with international partners to create an stockpile emergency aid but again we do need the support of the international community to be able to meet the needs in pakistan, iran and in afghanistan. just to get a grip on the numbers, when you say there are 3.5 million afghan people on the move within their own country, previously the unhcr had said it was expected around 0.5 million would try to flee. those people on the move in the country, where do they want to go? to be clear on the numbers, at the start of this year there were 3 million people who had been forced from their homes due to the conflict and insecurity in afghanistan. more than 0.5 million additional people have fled this year. not all of those people will try to cross into neighbouring countries. i

in peshawar, on pakistan�*s north—west frontier, afghanistan feels very close.taliban had their origins in the afghan refugee camps here, and pakistan has always been accused of setting up the taliban and helping them take power in afghanistan — something pakistan denies. but when the taliban were thrown out in 2001, pakistan�*s influence in afghanistan fizzled out for 20 years. in our interview, imran khan clearly didn�*t want to seem to be too close to the taliban, but he was careful not to be too critical of them either, over the question of the rights of afghan women, for instance. the women are very strong. i feel, give them time. they will assert their rights. how much time? years? a year, two years, three years. three years? but at the moment, john, it�*s just too early to say anything, because it has barely been a month. after 20 years of civil war, they have come back into power. the taliban —— the word just means islamic students — originally owed their existence as a movement to religious schools in pakistan like this one, the zuberia in peshawar, whe

but how involved is pakistan. there's anger pakistan and their support of this child and, and what they've done in their governance of afghanistan. and how involved is pakistan, pakistan and toes and service created the african taliban. and it's to their benefit to, to see f can tell a bon prevail ultimately. and they are providing assistance in order to maintain their own influence into afghanistan, all those countries surrounding f canister and have influence historical influence . and in that country, from iran to pakistan, to china, to russia. here in india, historically, now you've got to consider one other thing. there isn't, there is a pakistani tell a bon, that is opposed to the pakistani government. and once the overthrow of those elements seem to be migrating into the isis k course on region to join up with isis, they're much more extreme than even the f can tell a bond through caltrans. i've enjoyed the other taliban, they're actually going to attack and enemy, which is i have k, right? yeah, that's, th

what measures did he take to defend himself, and the wild card, pakistan military. of all, would they come home alive? >> this is real, we're going. that was the briefing that we'll put our gear on. chris: before he got on the black hawk, o'neill called his father, for what might be the last time. >> called him a lot on the mission. he would say, i wish i was going with you. i thanked him for teaching me stuff. chris: you done normally do that -- didn't normally do that. >> no, i should not have, looking back but i'm going to be dead in two hours. chris: the seals boarded the choppers. >> famous picture in the situation room, in a side room, a group of senior people migrated to that room, atmosphere in the room was tense and focused. >> everyone was just riveted. we practiced it. we're still on the plane. and that relaxes everyone. >> guys that were asleep on a helicopter, i remember looking at my friend, thinking, you are asleep, literally on the ride to osama bin laden's house, you have ice in your veins. chris: you thought about the speech -- >> that came into my

what was it like in pakistan? >> very quiet, actually. very quiet.it wasn't really marked in any way. you know, the embassies, of course, mark of the day. what was interesting is the taliban decided that was the day that they were going to raise their flag over the presidential palace in kabul and so and really get its new government underway at that time. so, they chose september 11th to do that or take from that what you will. >> sreenivasan: npr's jackie northam joining us from islamabad. thanks so much. >> sreenivasan: there has been no shorte of dramatic weather events around the globe this year. scientists and forecasters who study the connection between imate change and extreme weather say the rapid rates of sea level rise are accelerating the frequency and intensity of severe weather events. i recently spoke with claudia tebaldi, climate scientist with pacific northwest national laboratory, about her latest report on the global impacts of rising sea levels. >> just because of sea level rise, what used to be a 100 year event right now will bec