meaningless talked"quotation number two at the time was a lutheran pastor and democracy advocate insight east germanyent to become on to be present every unified germany. speaking a couple of years ago seeking the right words at the right time in the right place. "who is right? >> i thought it would be a little bit of a closer call. >> he had the strategic imagination without the iron curtain. >> and then to make it unanimous. >> emphasize words and deeds and talk about the military strength and those efforts and tear down the wall speech as well as sustained efforts with nuclear weapons so it is the integration of policy with those powerful words. >> c would have to deal with the hoover institution with hr as my colleagues? >> they have to them using the term and is smack dab in the middle of the university and tens of millions of people with radio free europe so imagine someone one dozen years or more after ronald reagan delivered the speech give me two sentences why we are still talking about that speech 34 years later one thing they need to remember. >> it is a tall order but it change the lives

in the map on the screen, you can see west berlin is a little dot inside east germany. again, after the war, thousands of east germans flee the communist regime in east germany to the democratic west. how do they do this? very often, they do it just by stepping across the street into west berlin. once they were in west berlin, they could get on a train, which had the right to cross east german territory, to the west. it was simple. by 1960, one-fifth of the entire population of east germany had done just that. they had fled. to top this enormous exodus, the east germans proposed a physical barrier and moscow agreed. in the middle of the night, the east germans strung barbed wire all the way around west berlin, cutting it off. there's a slide that shows this. eventually, the east germans would replace it with cinder blocks and after that they would replace thecinder blocks with slapz slabs of concrete 13 feet high. it remains in place encircling west berlin. this is the slide that shows where the wall cut off the brandenberg gate. it was a monument that had serve served a

they spread the across the country of east germany. y early november, a demonstration of more than 100,000 has marched into east berlin itself. this brings us to the 9 night of november 9th, 1989, with the east german politburo's meeting and they decided to change the rules concerning border crossings. and one member of the politburo goes out to brief the press and gets it wrong. some small technical change their considering that will take place sometime. but he gets it wrong and the reporter says wait a minute, do you mean that all border controls have ended? immediately? and the politburo member things for a moment and says, yes. this is on radio and television within minutes, literally just a few minutes. east german getting streaming to the forecheck points of the berlin wall. the sherman guards have no idea what's going on. they have not received new orders. and there's a tense moment as the crowd grows. they begin shouting. car horns honking and the guards realize they have 2 choices. use force or open the gates. and they open the

, remained under american british and french control even in east berlin and all this runningn east germany came under the control of the communist regime and this is very important to grasp that was berlin was completely surrounded by the communist east and on the screen now you can see the lots inside east germany. and again, after the war, thousands of east germans fleeing the communist regime in east germany to the democratic west and how did they do this. very often they do it just by stepping across the street into west berlin and was they were in west berlin, they could get a training which has the right to cross german territory to the west. so simple, and by 1961, thing that the entire population of east germany had done just that, they fled pretty and to stop this warm us acted as the east germans proposed a barrier in moscow agreed. and in the middle of the night, of august 13th, 1961, these two germans strong wire all the way around west berlin cutting off. there is a slide shows this barbed wire eventually these germans were replacing the barbed wire with lockman they would rep

they spread across the country of east germany. by early november a demonstration of more than 100,000 has marched in east berlin, itself. this brings us to the night of november 9th, 1989, when the eastern polit bureau is meeting in emergency session and decide to change rules concerning border crossings. one member of the polit bureau goes out to brief the press and gets it wrong. some small, technical change they are considering that will take place sometime but he gets it wrong. and the reporter says wait a minute. do you mean that all border controls have ended immediately? the polit bureau member thinks a minute and says yes. this is on radio and television. within minutes, literally a few minutes east germans begin streaming to the four check points in the berlin wall. east german guards have no idea what is going on. they have not received new orders and there is a tense moment as the crowds grow and begin shouting. car horns are honking. the guards realize they have two choices. use force, or open the gate. they open the ga

open for freedom for all in east germany. what you're seeing now is taking place at 5:30 in the morning berlin time. these crowds, mostly young people celebrating the opening of the walls, welcoming the tens of thousands coming across to the west. >> tonight germans on both sides of the berlin wall couldn't wait to test their new freedom. reaching out to east germany, helping them up the wall. despite a barrage of police water canons. jubilance and graffiti. for 28 years the wall has been a part of berlin life, a given, something that was just there. tonight it symbolizes something else, the failure of an east german government to resist the wave of change rolling over soviet blocked

wall shortly before the dawn of a new day, that will see the border open to freedom for all in east germanyat you are seeing now is taking place at 5:30 in the morning in berlin. berlin time. these crowds, mostly young people, have been here all night celebrating the opening of the wall, welcoming tens of thousands of east germans across to the west. tonight, germans on both sides of the berlin wall couldn't wait to test their new freedom. this was unthinkable a few hours ago. young west germans reaching out to east germans, helping them up the wall, despite police water cannons. for 28 years, the wall has been a part of berlin life. a given. something that was just there. tonight, it symbolizes something else. the failure of an east german government to resist the wave of change rolling over soviet block nations and the sound of new freedom, the chipping away of the wall itself and the system that built it. >>> follow us on social media for more of this date in history. >>> good afternoon. i'm carol busey. i'm the moderator of this session on "wilmington's lie, the murderous coup of 1898 a

a new day, a day that will see this border built by the communists open to freedom for all in east germany, and what you are seeing now is taking place at 5:30 in the morning in berlin. berlin time, these crowds, mostly young people have been there all night, celebrating the opening of the wall, welcomes the tens of thousands of easterns coming across to the west. tonight, germans on both sides of the berlin wall couldn't wait to test their freedoms. these were sites unthinkable a few hours ago. young west germans, reaching atop the barriers reaching out to east germans. jubilance and greet, where once there was only despair. for 28 years the wall has been a part of berlin life, a given, something we will just bear. tonight it symbolizes something else, the failure of an east german govern to resist the wave rolling across soviet block nations and the sound of new freedom, the chipping away of the wall itself, and the system that built it. >> follow us on social media @cspanhistory for more of this date in history posts. stay up to date with book tv's podcast, about books. industry news an

. >> those regions include states in east germany.re the uptick in vaccines is as much as 10% below the national average. the number of new cases is above the national average. despite urgent calls from some senior politicians in those states. such warnings do not sway people . >> for those of us who are not excited about getting vaccinated just now and would like to think about it. reporter: figures suggest one in three people remains unvaccinated. some include the ideological, especially younger children, the option of having the shots is not yet been made widely available. despite that, vexing centers like this one are offering boosters. it's thought to million have been given across the country so far. at the same time, previous social distancing measures to the virus are being strengthened in places. >> we have introduced first measures in bavaria, only vaccinated people or those who have recovered from covid will be admitted to clubs, discos and similar locations. reporter: although that view has not been endorsed at the federal

open for freedom for all in east germany. what you're seeing now is taking place at 5:30 in the morning berlin time. these crowds, mostly young people celebrating the opening of the walls, welcoming the tens of thousands coming across to the west. >> tonight germans on both sides of the berlin wall couldn't wait to test their new freedom. reaching out to east germany, helping them up the wall. despite a barrage of police water canons. jubilance and graffiti. for 28 years the wall has been a part of berlin life, a given, something that was just there. tonight it symbolizes something else, the failure of an east german government to resist the wave of change rolling over soviet blocked nations. and in the south the freedom that should be the way of the wall itself and the system that built it. >> follow us on social media at c-span history for more on this post. >> good evening, everyone. and welcome to the new york historical society. the new york society president and ceo for anyone who doesn't already know me. and i am reall

i know, you know, since the late eighties, i think wee known that we were equal to what was in east germany in the bad air quality on the highveld. and there's something called a [indistinct], which is a test you do before you get employment, mostly at power stations and in the mines, and locals tell us that they regularly fail the [indistinct] test because they've grown up in a very polluted area. as they've grown up, they're unfit for work. [birds chirping] [tau coughs] munnick: this pollution was particulate matter, primary explanations of all the respiratory problems that we see on the highveld--particulate matter 2.5, small enough to get very deep into your lungs. [overlapping chatter] rachel mokgtsana: 30% of the patient around this [indistinct], they are suffering from asthma because of the--what you call the pollution that is from the [indistinct] around us. we have asthmatic patient, we have t.b. patient, h.i.v. patient, and so on. mathabule: something that is painful--the government doesn't take us seriously. they don't know what you are going through, and even if we go to our con

everything will focus on the city of berlin because stalin is controlling east germany. it is agreed to victorious allies, the brits and russians will share control of berlin but berlin sits squarely in the soviet control area of occupied germany. the tension and potential disaster and fallout that can happen, be set by the geographical position of berlin so western allies coming into the city are entirely surrounded by territory controlled by stalin's red army. that is the setting for everything that will happen. it is a fabulously dramatic story that will unfold. >> really is a fascinating situation. one of the great things about the book is giles makes clear what the stakes are right away. we understand on the human level the interpersonal conflicts and larger things that are at stake. you mentioned stalin is a character in the book and other villainous characters with helpful name recognition and real heroes that are fun to cheer for. names i haven't heard before but came to love by the end. i was curious if you had a favorite person even if it was one of the bad guys

the situation is described officially as catastrophic. 3 east german states states in the old east germany have had 10 percent or more than 10 percent of all their cases have happened in the last 7 days. then if you extrapolate that to a federal level, what we have is more than 360000 cases in the course of the last 7 days. and then just to add further to the sense of the seriousness with which people see things. the reality is, in 3 days of the last 5, there has been recalled cases and today is no exception. more than 76000 new infections announced to day dominate cane, updating us with a situation across europe. a reminder that breaking news belgium, confirming a case of this new variant pandemic is just part of a perfect storm of problems really, which is work to derail the world's supply chain networks. businesses everywhere dealing with bottlenecks. they try to water goods, countries on us bracing for the delays to stretch into christmas schedule that was under reports now from hoboken in new jersey. ah, there's no shortage of form in the frothy cappuccinos it cower bunker coffee shop

everything will focus on the city of berlin because stalin is controlling east germany. it is agreed to victorious allies, the brits and russians will share control of berlin but berlin sits squarely in the soviet control area of occupied germany. the tension and potential disaster and fallout that can happen, be set by the geographical position of berlin so western allies coming into the city are entirely surrounded by territory controlled by stalin's red army. that is the setting for everything that will happen. it is a fabulously dramatic story that will unfold. >> really is a fascinating situation. one of the great things about the book is giles makes clear what the stakes are right away. we understand on the human level the interpersonal conflicts and larger things that are at stake. you mentioned stalin is a character in the book and other villainous characters with helpful name recognition and real heroes that are fun to cheer for. names i haven't heard before but came to love by the end. i was curious if you had a favorite person even if it was one of the bad guys

just like the stars a in east germany decided that they need to spy on everyone. 247. and every single micro transaction that they were doing, because they're paranoid about losing power, same to the united states, they're paranoid that people are going to buy bitcoin, they're going to opt out. they're going to move out of the country, they're going to do an iran and simply leave. so the policy makers are paranoid and they the answer, and they think they need the spy more. they need to gather more data. facebook is now called meta, they're going to control the metal verse. they're going to control your thoughts. your actions are mere money, your emotions. it's all going to be controlled. and of course, the more you try to control it, the last ability you have to control it. and it's, it's like love isn't it? the more you try to love something, the harder you know it, it doesn't work. you got to let things grieve. you've got to let things live. and so the way for the united states to get out of this problem is to bring back free market competition. get rid of the fed be

the yawn in deutschland, those regions include 4 states in what was the old east germany, where the uptake of vaccines is as much as 10 percent below the national average of the number of new cases is above the national average. despite urgent calls from some senior politicians in those states, but such warnings do not sway people like bodies lava kids. so she's just one of tens of millions of people yet to be vaccinated in germany. i will just confuse that and for the ones of us who are night are really excited about getting vaccinated just now and would like to think about it get more informed about it. and there's so many people, there's professionals, there's doctors and it, there's, it's just endless. how much information you can get that doesn't really support these. these are, these vaccines official figures suggest around one in 3 people he remains on vaccinated. some of that number include those ideologically opposed to the process, but for a wider section of society, especially younger children, the mere option of having the shots has not yet been made widely available. despite t

as high as in others. urine in deutschland, those regions include 4 states in what was the old east germany, where the uptake of vaccines is as much as 10 percent below the national average of the number of new cases is above the national average. despite urgent calls from some senior politicians in those states, but such warnings do not sway people like bodies lava kids, off. she's just one of tens of millions of people yet to be vaccinated in germany. i was just confused that and for the ones of us who are not, are really excited about getting vaccinated just now and would like to think about it. official figures suggest around one in 3 people. he remains an vaccinated summer. that number include those ideologically opposed to the process, but for a wider section of society, especially younger children, the mere option of having the shots has not yet been made widely available. despite that vaccine centers like this one in berlin, offering boosters to the most vulnerable people, it's thought around. 2000000 such doses have been administered across the country so far. at the same time, the

well, there are 3 states in the former east, germany, where they have had 10 percent or more of all the infections they have ever had have happened in the past week. and that's why, particularly in one state saxony, which is the stage of around 4000000 people in south eastern germany. well, there you have hospital saying we're in tree arch mode. we're trying to work out who we will prioritize and who will have to wait for treatment because there are so many cove in patients. that's why you hear there the can't take your health minister, mr. spahn. talking about the luftwaffe of the german air force flying in intensive care units to help out precisely because the hospitals have so many patients with cove. it, they're not sure how to proceed. that's why they need this help dominic. one more question for you, and that is on the world health organization, which has been holding an emergency meeting today in geneva. we haven't had a different definitive out of it yet. but what's been the tone of what they've been saying? one line that's come ounces. what the w it showed the deliberations of

and everything is going to focus on the city of berlin because starling is controlling east germany, it's been agreed that the victorious allies, the americans, brits and russians are going to share control of berlin, but berlin sits squarely inside the soviet controlled area of occupied germany. so the tensions and the potential disasters and fallouts that can happen are really set by the geographical position of berlin. you have the western allies coming into the city. they are entirely surrounded by a territory controlled by starlin's red army. that's the sort of setting for everything that's going to happen and it's a fabulously dramatic story that's going to unfold. >> and it really is just a fascinating situation. and we get, i think, one of the great things about the book is that giles makes it clear what the stakes are right away. we know how important all the showdowns are. we understand on a human level, you know, the interpersonal conflicts but also the larger things that are at stake, and i'm curious, you mentioned stalin, definitely a character here in the book. there are

one of the most powerful rumors spread originated during the cold war was at east germany's rumor that aids originated. it remains in circulation to this day. mr. ferrari: thank you. paul, your research focuses on information operation campaigns as a subset of broader gray zone challenges, which you call a dark gray zone. you also distinguish between i/o campaigns and those that might shape u.s. decision-making. what do you mean by the dark gray zone, and why is it important to distinguish between different types of operation information operations? are you on mute? dr. stockton: thank you. let me rewind. i'm going to define the gray zone the same way elisabeth does in her terrific book. defined by the special forces community, gray zone aggression comprises competitive interactions among and within state and nonstate actors that falls between the traditional realm of war and peace. in urging we get prepared for the dark gray zone, that is when little green men start pouring across the border from russia into with a whiny or latvia, when, finally, things heat up in the taiwan straits,

that's how east germany was able to survive longer than it should in the ussr, you get citizens against> only when you get people frightened and afraid, is when they really hand over their civil liberties and cherished freedoms, this is why no offense these grifters get into business in the first place was for power and control, you give up those freedoms, more power in the hands of washington. what they are trying to do now is pit the vaccinated against the unvaccinated to pull starch that fear machine to keep people in a frenzy. we are all sick of hanging out with each other, kat has got a restraining order because i was holed up in her house. she's sick of me and i don't think most americans like being told what to do, i don't. don't wear those white vinyl boots to church, i'm doing it anyway. >> greg: there's a kind of citizen that likes telling people what to do. we have neighbors like that. i lived inside her walls during covid. >> that was the smell. >> greg: exactly. that was a call back to the movie -- >> those people are getting sidelined because those people are sick, i'm sic

that's how east germany was able to survive longer than it should in the ussr, you get citizens against> only when you get people frightened and afraid, is when they really hand over their civil liberties and cherished freedoms, this is why no offense these grifters get into business in the first place was for power and control, you give up those freedoms, more power in the hands of washington. what they are trying to do now is pit the vaccinated against the unvaccinated to pull starch that fear machine to keep people in a frenzy. we are all sick of hanging out with each other, kat has got a restraining order because i was holed up in her house. she's sick of me and i don't think most americans like being told what to do, i don't. don't wear those white vinyl boots to church, i'm doing it anyway. >> greg: there's a kind of citizen that likes telling people what to do. we have neighbors like that. i lived inside her walls during covid. >> that was the smell. >> greg: exactly. that was a call back to the movie -- >> those people are getting sidelined because those people are sick, i'm sic

the worst part is about how they're embracing the practices of east germany.government is not doing it. they're freelancing their motives to citizens so deputizing them as snitches. it has to stop. if it doesn't stop, the parents and the citizens will stop it. because you can't create a country of snitches. you know what happens? you get stitches. >> jessica: i hope texas is listening when people go to exercise their rights about abortion? >> jesse: jessica, what did i say about talking? just kidding. >> dagen: you can slap him. >> jesse: i don't want to. >> dagen: we won't allow her to punch jesse. we'll have a full report when we come back. plus fan mail. ♪ limu emu & doug ♪ got a couple of bogeys on your six, limu. they need customized car insurance from liberty mutual so they only pay for what they need. what do you say we see what this bird can do? woooooooooooooo... we are not getting you a helicopter. looks like we're walking, kid. only pay for what you need. ♪ liberty. liberty. liberty. liberty. ♪ doesn't your family deserve the best? eggland's best eg

and i think it east germany at one point had -- one in six people was unemployment which biden lookshing that is freaking me out, as i've no idea that these school board meetings were so late. that's people, they are really airing things out. you miss the good old days of normalcy when i was just teachers having with their students. that's all we cared about. >> greg: that was the good old days. he woke up, looked at the mug shot, decided for yourself was it worth it? i don't care who you are -- it was always like a young woman in her mid-20s -- i should just shut up. >> i think you have done enough. >> greg: are you going to speak on my behalf at the tribunal? >> i'm going to be your defense attorney. >> greg: even better. it seems to me the government is freelancing their police. it's like they're trying private companies and citizens into authoritarians. >> it's that for sure. but there are two other things going on. number one, they are virtual signaling to their supporters. going to be declared unconstitutional. but they are signaling to the woke left, we tried. but the other th

only reason i think i see it may be more clearly than my friends because my mother grew up in east germany, by father grew up in greece when the communists tried to take over after the second worker a raise be without trying very hard to know how particularly wicked and cruel communism is and, therefore, even without thinking, to love america simply because freedom is the antithesis of that. but i am kind of amazed at what you say, that americans somehow are so myopic, so blessed that they think this is normal. they think what we have always had here is normal, rather than a wild idea that almost shouldn't logically have succeeded but did and so we should be grateful that we should keep the republic. do you have hope that because of where we are now people are waking up to this who have been asleep to? >> i think they are. the other day i was speaking with somebody who widely disagrees with me who is a professor at a major university campus and came up to me is that i disagree with everything you say but i want to have a conversation with you about it. i think my student should have a conv

the worst part is about how they're embracing the practices of east germany.it. they're freelancing their motives to citizens so deputizing them as snitches. it has to stop. if it doesn't stop, the parents and the citizens will stop it. because you can't create a country of snitches. you know what happens? you get stitches. >> jessica: i hope texas is listening when people go to exercise their rights about abortion? >> jesse: jessica, what did i say about talking? just kidding. >> dagen: you can slap him. >> jesse: i don't want to. >> dagen: we won't allow her to punch jesse. we'll have a full report when we come back. plus fan mail. (man) go on, girl, go on and get help! [heartwarming music] (man) ah! (burke) smart dog. with farmers crashassist, our signal app can tell when you've been in a crash and can send help, if you want it. get a whole lot of something with farmers policy perks. ♪ we are farmers. bum-pa-dum, bum-bum-bum-bum ♪ hello, for the last few years, i've been a little obsessed with chasing the big idaho potato truck. but it's not like that's my

by spring, patients in the netherlands are being shifted to germany to east pressure on hospitals and germany is considering further restrictions. my investigations have begun in bulgaria into the worst bus crash in the country's history. at least 45 people were killed after firing gulf to bus that was returning to north macedonia from turkey. only 7 people on board survived where we challenged tacitus, the charred wreckage of the bus makes clear how intense the fire must have been. the vehicle crashed and burned on a bulk area and highway. in the middle of the night, it was taking mostly north macedonian tourists, back home, after a weekend trip to assemble. but it's not yet known. why so few people made it off alive, or what caused this disaster in the 1st place. this damage suggest the bus hit a barrier before carrying on to crash into the central reservation. bulk air is interior minister said he was deeply shocked by what he'd seen was. not everyone can stand such a picture. the picture is terrifying. the details of this tragedy will be investigated north macedonia, foreign minis

communist east germany opened its borders allowing citizens to travel freely to the west. >> good evening what you see from behind me is a celebration of the new policy announced today by the east german government. for the first time since the wall was erected in 1961, people will be able to move through freely. 1961, people will be able to move through freely cabenuva is the only once-a-month, complete hiv treatment for adults who are undetectable. cabenuva helps keep me undetectable. it's two injections, given by a healthcare provider once a month. hiv pills aren't on my mind. i love being able to pick up and go. don't receive cabenuva if you're allergic to its ingredients or taking certain medicines, which may interact with cabenuva. serious side effects include allergic reactions post-injection reactions, liver problems,...and depression. if you have a rash and other allergic reaction symptoms, stop cabenuva and get medical help right away. tell your doctor if you have liver problems or mental health concerns, and if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or considering pregnancy. some of

the reason i see more clearly than my friend is because my mother grew up in east germany and my father grew up where calmness tried to take over after the communist worker they raised me to know how particular wicked and cruel communism is and therefore love america obecause freedom is the antithesis of that. i am kind of amazed at what you say that americans somehow are so myopic, so blessed that they think this is normal.e they think what we thought it had here is normal rather than a wild idea that shouldn't have succeeded but it did and we should be grateful we should keep theee republic. do you have hope because of where we are now people are waking up to this? >> guest: i think they are. the other day was speaking with someone who is a professor at a major university campus and he came up to me said i disagree with everythingi you say but i wantnt to have conversations wih it and i think my team should have a conversation with you about n it. i've never gotten notes from people a4 who say yeah i used to disagree with all the things you're saying and i disagree with a lot of your

unleashing of forces across central and eastern europe to ensure old soviet puppet regimes in east germanyd as the cold war ended with mikhail gorbachev and his leadership. that was a crucial turning point, because the apartheid government had always framed the debate in their language as being, they positioned themselves as anti—communist. nelson mandela's african nationalist party as communists, which they weren't. they framed the debate in that way. when the cold war ended. between the us and the soviet union and the soviets in the west, that fell from underneath it. that was another motivation and change. and de klerk had the vision and the courage to make that change and do something, which was almost unprecedented or at least very unusual in history, when an elite enjoying the most power in the world, with black citizens serving it and gave up that power, gave up his domincance. instead of whites on the elections, there would be a new dispensation majority, universal franchise elections. it was quite a remarkable transition. and fw de klerk with nelson mandela was the midwife to that

they are concerned about this population in east germany there is a massive fourth wave of the pandemic lot of hospital beds to be blocked. that's the concern they have that the health system could get overwhelmed as we head into the winter when of course the seasonal flu virus starts to circulate as well. we didn't have the risk of that twin dem mick happening this time because people are still social distancing but that is no longer the case. just to update you, obviously iceland tightening restrictions. austria tightening restrictions. dealing with massive waves of the pandemic that have brought the infection levels up to the peak. this is why this region is set to meet by the w.h.o. in the epicenter of the fourth wave of covid-19. rosemary? >> certainly a wake-up call to all of us. n nina dos santos. >> an atmospheric river, we will explain what that means s when come back. [♪] did you know, you no longer need to visit a dermatologist to get access to top skincare ingredients? introducing dermageek featuring top dermatologist recommended ingredients and 0% fillers. dermageek's new d

a new day, a day that will see this border built by the communists open to freedom for all in east germany. what we're seeing now is taking place at 5:30 a.m. in berlin, berlin time. these crowds, mostly young people, have been here all night, celebrating the opening of the wall, welcoming the tens of thousands of east germans coming across to the west. tonight, germans on both sides of the berlin wall couldn't wait to test their new freedom. these are sights unthinkable only a few hours ago. young west germans atop the concrete barrier reaching out to east germans, helping them up the wall, despite a barrage of police water cannons. jubilance and graffiti where once there was only despair. for 28 years the wall has been an immutable part of berlin life, a given, something that was just there. tonight it symbolizes something else. the failure of an east german government to resist the wave of change rolling over soviet bloc nations. and the sound of new freedom, the chipping away of the wall itself and the system that built it. >> follow us on social media at cspan history for more this da