michael courtly is the correspondent at the new york times. good evening. thanks for being here, all of you. melissa, we read through some of the judges ruling on trump, in my non-legal term, it was pretty brutal. from copious evidence of possible financial fraud to george orwell, and alternative facts, what stands out to you after reading? >> while, again, this was a fiery proceeding in open court today. it was matched by a fiery writing by the judge. what's seems clear here is that the judge made clear that the attorney general of new york has the right to subpoena these witnesses given the evidence that she has currently a mass in her civil investigation. the trump had wanted to sit in an open grand jury proceeding, likely because under new york law, grand jury proceedings and those who participate in them as witnesses, are offered immunity for certain acts that were revealed to the grand jury. of course, a civil death deposition doesn't do that. what it does do is, perhaps, provide evidence that could later be used, possibly, by the manhattan da if he were to use some of that evidence in his cri