john adams, when he looks like this. so, at 83 years old he -- the founding generation was approaching old age, or certainly ended the nips of old age, some people in the early united states decided they needed to know what happened in 1776. they sort of reaching out to people to get their memories were called before they left this mortal world. one of those people was baltimore journalist, and he reached out to john adams and said, hey dude, what went down in 1776? and john adams spent a lot of time thinking about this, of course, and he had been talking with correspondents with thomas jefferson about this very topic, often on, for the better part of almost a decade. he had a very prepared answer for this. it is a common answer that there is a series of letters that he wrote to jefferson about this, and also his response to denials. this has framed how we think about the revolution. and written about the revolution, for a very long time. since 1815 and 1818. but definitely in the last generation. so this is what john ad

about the john adams of a younger man. and that is this is the one on the right is the john adams of the 1760s when he's about 40 years old and he's i love this this portrait of him because he's kind of giving us a little bit of side eye here. he's kind of he's kind of showing a little bit of playfulness and that i think reflects that if we were to go back and look at these things like i did what would we find? we would not find that the war has nothing to do with the argumentation of what the revolution is about. it would not be something that is affected from 1760 to 1775 by that which he means this is about natural rights. this is about consent. this is about representation. it's about ideology and it's done by the start of the war that notion. has had a particularly strong historia graphical effect, and why well, where do we find that letter? we find that letter here, of course in this book, which i don't i can't see some how many people participants are are in this session, but i would bet that just about everybody ha

john adams drafted this constitution. he had already written about what government should look like in a pamphlet that was responsive to common sense. adams was writing to try to assure people who were worried about the independence, that americans could create governments that can be orderly. they can have orderly republics. by 1778, adams was also looking at things that happen in pennsylvania, and things that were going on in his own state of massachusetts. what this popular legislator did in pennsylvania, and basically what the legislator in massachusetts then was doing before this constitution, was a lot of people pleasing things. they were making it hard for debtors to collect debts, while soldiers were away fighting the war. people's estates and mortgages were getting behind. these legislators were giving people debt protection. they were sometimes controlling the price of food as they skyrocketed in boston, and philadelphia, and other cities. they were doing things that the people wanted. for some, people who were

and john adams drafted this constitution. he had already written about what government should look like in a pamphlet. that was kind of a response to common sense. it came out just a few months after common sense in the spring of 1776. adams was writing to try to reassure people who were worried about independence that americans could create governments, but they would still that could still be kind of orderly that they could be have orderly republics. in this pamphlet of 1776 but by 1778 adams was also looking at things that had happened in, pennsylvania. and things that were going on in his own home state of massachusetts. so, you know, what what this popular legislature did in pennsylvania, and basically what the you know, what the legislature then in massachusetts was doing before this constitution. they were doing a lot of people pleasing things. they were making it hard for debtors to collect debts while veterans were away or soldiers were away fighting the war, you know people's. states and mortgages were getting behin

, so he was a great son of john adams and the grandson of john quincy adams. henry adams, he had brothers, and the adams family was in this state of political to decline where there were two atoms presidents in their background, but henry adams couldn't make even a start in politics. but henry adams became a very distinguished historian, and he was, when he was writing in the 18 60s, 18 60s and early 18 70s, when ulysses grant was president, and this was just ten years after the publication of charles darwin's on the origin of species, the introduction of the theory of evolution. and adams's take on this was that anybody who looks at the progression of the presidency from george washington to ulysses grant understands that evolution is a crock. [laughter] that it actually refutes the theory. anyway, but i am going to start off -- so, i was going to say that, so in most cases, it looks as though there's this linear line, there's this line that maybe you think it goes down, maybe you think it goes up, but george washington, is a tough act to follow. but there's

one of the surprising names is john quincy adams. john quincy adams, in his later career in the house of representatives, was a staunch anti slavery advocate. however, slavery did touch his family and while living in the white house although he did not own enslaved people, he did have a niece and nephew that had enslaved people that they brought to live in the white house. so. very surprising people you might not think of. in total 12 presidents owned enslaved people at some point in their lives. again, this list includes surprising names as well as ulysses s grant. there is evidence that he owned an enslaved person in his younger days. so really, as the white house, the white house is the people's house, and i think it's really important to see that every american sees their stories reflected in the white house. their stories, their ancestors stories, they should be able to see themselves in the building. that speech by michelle obama caused a lot of people to head our way to find more information about slavery in the white house. an

this song gave voice to support for john adams and it was used as a campaign song for thomas jeffersonthe fourth of july, and by francis scott key in 18 oh five, nine years before writing the star-spangled banner, he wrote another song called when the warrior returns. it celebrated the heroism of a captain in the u.s. navy fighting in the barbary war in north africa. he was being paraded around the east and celebrated by various communities for his heroism and one of those places was at georgetown and key had just moved to the nation's capital and was looking for a way to introduce himself to future legal clients so he wrote a song for a dinner called when the warrior returns. so we know that he knew the melody that was later used for the star-spangled banner because he had previously written other lyrics to the same tune. so when he is trapped aboard ship for three days from wednesday morning through friday night is he carefully constructs lyrics to encourage unity and strong military and piety, these things he wants to see happen. it talks about a world he sees and hopes for rather t

but john adams, yes, they very famously rekindled their correspondence. hey had become good friends and it was here in france, actually, adams, it was kind of an all-star lineup of diplomats when jefferson got there. ben benjamin franklin and john adams were already there as ambassadors, as ministers to friends too. tony joined them. and adams and jefferson had worked together in the continental conference. congress. and they bonded together. his family inherits jefferson visited adams in english and they towards some of those english gardens together, so they were very close friends. they broke apart bitterly, you know, over the politics of the 17 90s. and then in their retirement, they rekindled the correspondence. they did not talk about slavery, almost never, in the letters. and i suspect it was because adams didn't bring it up, because he knew this was a painful subject, it was one that jefferson didn't have a good answer for. he didn't like confrontation, jefferson didn't. he was a wonderful, he was a magnificent letter writer. there are almost like

this is what john adams called the divine science of politics. that may be through the creation of these wonderful republican governments that you could actually almost achieve moral goals, make people more moral. we'll see as we talk about the specific constitutions that they actually put things in the constitution's to create the kind of society they want, and encourage people to engage in moral behavior. there is also hope, you know, we talked earlier in the class about the influence of english enlightenment figures like john locke. but 18th century, the enlightenment had gone through a couple different phases and changes. in the 18th century, it became a continent wide event in europe. also, other areas within the uk became engaged in enlightenment tax. these text, 18th century, they're from france, there from scotland, they were just as exciting to many americans as locke had been a century earlier. one of these thinkers was mom to spew, he was a french nobleman, he wrote a book called the spirit of laws and 1748. one of the things that mont

our presidents are entrusted with incredible power -- and actually john adam's wife was named alligator -- was named abigail not dolly. [laughter] he wrote it to abigail. just clarifying. [laughter] but we must not elect people who are more loyal to themselves or to power than they are to our constitution. [cheers and applause] despite all of the challenges we are facing, there is so much that gives me hope for this great nation. i see hope and i see the future in the eyes of my children. a wise woman once told me when my children were babies, she told me this lesson of motherhood. she said, when your children are young, they hang around her --their knees. --your knees. and when they grew up, they hang around your heart. and that is so true. as all mothers know, every time we leave our kids we worry and feel some guilt. for mother's day this year, and i know he will not be happy i told you all this, but just keep it between us. [laughter] for mother's day this year, my youngest son gave me the most wonderful gift, a note on which he had written partly "mom, every time you leave, i know

he only he only talked about that in private and and didn't and not in public with john adams. yes. he they very famously rekindled their correspondence. they'd become good friends and it was here in france. actually adams was one of it was kind of an all-star lineup of diplomats when jefferson got there benjamin franklin and john adams were already there as ambassadors as ministers to france too. so he joined them and he they had you know, adams and jefferson had worked together in the continental continental congress. they bonded even more and and he with her whole family there in paris. he visited jefferson visited adams in england and they toured some of those english gardens together, so they were very close friends. they broke apart bitterly, you know over the politics of the 1790s and then in their retirement, they rekindled the correspondence. they did not talk about slavery almost never in in the letters and i suspect it was because atoms didn't bring it up because he knew this was a painful subject. it was one that jefferson didn't have a good answer for he didn't like conf

so for example the election of 1800 when john adams is running against thomas jefferson. really fraught election. john adams ends up not being a final candidate and you end up having aaron burr and thomas jefferson running against each other. it's personally was supposed to be the vice presidential candidate gets really fraught when i was researching my first book. i saw people talking about they were afraid of civil war there were people arming in maryland if they had to march to washington to take the government. so it's it's a moment and after the election is successful someone writes to jefferson and says, what would you have done? things had not gone well. what would you have done? first of all jefferson says we let the other side know that if they thought they were going to do something they weren't going to get away with it, which is sort of like oh but but more interestingly he says. well we would have tweaked the constitution and then you know, i think he says wound up the clock again and gone back to whatever we were doing. so it's it's i think you always have t

john quincy adams almost had if it. and he wrote to the president off harvard, saying, you can't do this! it was only the reputation of my dear alma mater. but the occasion went forward. there were dissenters on the faculty, and they decided, oh, okay, we can't stop this. but we will show jackson up. in those days, it was not unheard of, and it was still accepted practice on certain occasions, for academics to give their addresses, to deliver their papers, in latin. their traditional language of intellectuals and the academy. and so, without telling the president of the university, who was, you know, basically whose reputation was online here, what they were going to do, said, okay, i'll be happy to speak on this occasion. and it was a commencement, and so there were several speeches. and the speakers before jackson stood up and gave their speeches in latin. with the belief that this would really flummoxed jackson. he obviously would not know what was happening. and be so embarrassed that we he would be humming mandate

john adams was always much more a pessimist. and felt that you would always get an aristocracy in society, and they may not have titles. it may not be in the context of the monarchy, but you would get these very wealthy people who's differences were odds with the population a large and who would pursue their self-interest to detriment of others and to the public goods um, jefferson certainly recognized the danger of that. it's not an entirely utopian. but he did believe that by having real competition i'm i'm the university of virginia. it's from the first in america to have an examination system. yeah, well, they doesn't use the language of merits which is one of my former colleagues here at the university shows is a language that actually comes in very much later and the whole notion of merit. is a complicated one not least is we'll have such different levels of opportunity based on their background race gender, but still there isn't notion of the with jefferson not of pure elitism. i one of the most impressive features of his

paul revere, john adams, the regimen, the all black volunteer soldiers as depibcted in the movie "glory." the cluster of historic sites rival that of any american city. >> what is a wicked pisser? >> that's when something is awesome. >> reporter: he was raised in the boston area and says he doesn't even hear it. >> i say as time has gone on, it's definitely changed. it's not like -- boston is not like -- that thick accent isn't as prevalent as it used to be. >> reporter: really, because i hear it. it's prevalent to me. >> but when i travel, a i get ay from boston. >> reporter: boston has something l.a. does not. 17 championships. >> you have to compete. the warriors -- i know you're from california, but the celtics all the way, you know. >> reporter: in boston, kiet do. >>> plus the clipper cards are now in short supply due to supply chain issues. in fact, bay area transit agencies are urging riders to ditch the cards and pay with their phones. transit officials are waiving the $3 new card fee for customers who put clipper on their phones. the cards are made of a specific type of plasti

house and the names on that list are a little bit surprising one of the most surprising names is john quincy adams john quincy adams in his later career in the house of representatives was a staunch anti-slavery advocate. however slavery did touch his family and while living in the white house, although he did not own in slave people. he did have a niece and nephew that had enslaved people that they brought to live in the white house. so very surprising people you might not think of in total 12 presidents owned and slave people at some point in their lives. again, this list also includes some surprising names including ulysses s grant there is evidence. he owned an enslaved person in his younger days. so really as the white house the white house is the people's house. and i think it's really important to see that every american sees their stories reflected in the white house their stories their ancestors stories. they should be able to see themselves in the building that that speech by michelle obama caused a lot of people to come head our way to look for more information about slavery in the whit

john adams, when he saw the engraving, roll back to the publisher and said there is john j with his chief justice rogue. this started developing the rogue. it is the only one that everyone knew about. it is popular when it is pre appears in the supreme court. it is a copy of that portion. it is not above the mantle in the justices roving room. when they come and they are asking for the robe. they would ask, what is she wearing. this is part of the mythology-able building. . this -- this is going to george washington. this is in 1789. there is no proof that he ever wore a robe at this event. even though it looks just like john j's role, and there is a story for years told that j borrowed the robe to be painted by stuart. it does not hold water when you start realizing the fact that the rope is still with us. here is the john j rope. it is in the collection of the smithsonian at the national museum of american history. it looks where we saw in yeah. >> i see there's an interstate here. >> this is such pieces on the outside. he stated that there is the white trim there. this is actually sent

it's what john adams did in 1800 in the first transfer of power when adams's party controlled the congress, the presidency, and maybe most importantly, the army. but he said that the peaceful transfer of power is what matters. and so only one president has not abided by that fundamental, co concept of our country and our democracy, and that's donald trump. >> politics makes strae bedfellows. how have democrats reacted to working alongside you now? >> [ laughs ] i would hate to speak on behalf of all democrats in that, and i maintain my republican affiliations. i've -- i've not become a democrat. i just think that donald trump is wrong and the republican party is wrong on this issue of -- of election denial. >> i want to look ahead to the elections coming up in november 2022 and beyond. so far in this election cycle, republican primary voters have nominated more than 100 candidates to statewide offices who promote or support, believe in trump's big lie, this notion that joe biden didn't win the election, that trump d, and that joe biden is not a legitimate president. candidates who support

it was four years later that both men, adams and jefferson, passed away on the same exact day, july 4th, 1826. and while he was not present when his father died, john quincy adams later recorded his father's last words, three very poignant words, thomas jefferson survives. he had no way of knowing that jefferson had died on the very same day. as americans then gathered across the country to honor the 50th anniversary of the declaration of independence, news of adams's and jefferson's passing spread. what had begone as a month of celebration was now one of mourning and commemoration as citizens began to listen to eulogies, speeches, and tributes in churches, government buildings, and in public spaces. and while jefferson and adams had their own opinions on how they should be remembered, it would be up to those living in 1826 and successive generations, even up til now, to define and shape their memory. while presidential sites such as yours are frequently called upon to discuss the legacies of people who have held the highest office in our country, and one way, one very important way, one iconic way, is we all know these men will eventually die. and

art and culture complex we spent so much time helping people registered for the ged classes at john adams some of them had gone on to not only be part of city college, but to play sports in city college. my brother got his aa degree from city college of san francisco. so many of us have some new stories like that. we know this is an important higher learning education institution in our city and we know how people feel about it. they love city college. they want us to work together to ensure the longevity of city college, and that's why making a decision like this to appoint a member of the board of trustees is a very challenging one. blending all the needs of what needs to occur was really important to me. so i am really pleased today. i'm actually over the moon excited today to announce that i have selected morel green to serve as the next member of the community college board of trustees. [applause] i have known him, but because he was part of the community i grew up in, and you just know people. you know them from school, you know them from hanging out at the cultural center, you just

that was widely produced so it wasn't seen that much but people knew it was the chief justice robe john adams when he saw the engraving row back to the publisher there's my friend john j so this starts to develop over the jay robe over time and then the painting is prominent when it appears in the supreme court in 1877 and then it is above the mantle in the justice robing room people come in and ask about the road. what is jay wearing? and is engraving by currier and ives and with the highest judicial officer in new york swearing in george washington. that jay borrowed this road from livingston but that just doesn't hold any water when you realize that the road is still with us so here is the john jay robe is this is in the smithsonian and it looks very much like what we saw in gilbert stuart's portrait. there are some slight differences the sleeve length is different there is an inner sleeve and an outer peace. the red is faded the white trim is there it is very similar to what we saw on the portrait. this was sent to the core in the 18 eighties. somewhere this robe came from is an academic

together the constitution but of course in a way they did but any thoughts about abigail and and john adams and and moving into the white house. well, yes, and there are the first couple to move into the white house. nobody stayed terribly long. they weren't impressed. i think abigail in some ways embodies another part of the partnership that diana is talking about she really wasn't interested in what they would call presiding. so she adopted martha's innovations and ceremonies rather dutifully, but the role that abigail played was really that of advisor. she really was her husband's closest. sir, and in the spirit of republican virtue, that's small our republican virtue john adams made the terrible decision not to change his cabinet. so he ended up the cabinet full of let's just called them traders all working behind his back so he would have always relied on abigail but in that particular circumstance, she really was his very closest advisor and that's fascinating that you're mentioning that catherine because really coming up to modern first ladies and contemporary first ladies in terms o

i will go with john adams number two. stuart: so will i. i go with john adams. no. a couple of brits didn't get it right but you know, so what? >> go figure. >> my time is almost up. i will leave you with the dow down nearly 200 points. that is what i give to you, neil. it's yours. neil: stuart, thank you very, very much. it is noon on the east coast of america. we got a selloff right now as the dow is in and out of session lows, down better than 201 points. we have a slight backup in yields. that hurts disproportionately technology stocks. that is what is happening. the story is what might be happening with housing. we might see the last spurt of activity before some say we see a housing correction. price increases are still happening for homes but here's the deal, those increases are slowing and for example, some hot markets in southern

anyone who thanks thomas jefferson, john adams, george washington were all of one mind, is not studied them very closely. and yet as we look back on the last decade and even the last year, it doesn't seemed like things are different in america. we look back in part because it's easier to see what has happened for and predicting what is going to happen. that is where the real uncertainty lies. it's one of the great dualisms of life. we look back on the one thing we cannot change and spend less time on the one thing we can change which is what is left of today and tomorrow. so where do you want to be in a year personally? as a community? as a state? as a nation? do you ever get tired of the constant negativity? do you wonder where the stories on good cops and good prosecutors are? you wonder where the acts of kindness are? we see the crime what about the goodness of america? do you wonder why the loudest voices in politics are the ones who get all of t and will he and i will you will you will know you only conversation you can is the could you should federation that might be you florida

if you were to bring back the founding fathers of this country, john adams and said how do we fix whathis country? do you have a functioning middle class, shared hero, share borders and we said no to every one of those they would say, you have a monarchy, this is not a republic. these are attacks on national symbols and politicization espn, they are divisive. >> harris: what is interesting and you and kayleigh loved the movie "top gun," how will hollywood see that? will there be an award for patriotism? i'm curious how they will react to $150 million -- >> at least britney is free. >> that is true and i got the t-shirt. >> kayleigh: a rescue at a swimming competition, the moment a coach jumped in to save a swimmer's life, that is next. frank is a fan of fast. he's a fast talker. a fast walker. thanks, gary. and for unexpected heartburn... frank is a fan of pepcid. it works in minutes. nexium 24 hour and prilosec otc can take one to four days to fully work. pepcid. strong relief for fans of fast. do you have a life insurance policy you no longer need? now you can sell your policy - even

this administration is completely lawless and john adams said that liberty once lost is lost forever,er for me is a really simple one. no. no, i will not pass legislation that restricts law-abiding citizens while failing to actually secure our schools and create a safer society. >> laura: congressman, they are trotting out their same old line to justify again, taking guns from people who have never been convicted of a crime, and sylvia garcia is a congressman from texas, trotted out the same old, same old. watch buried >> they don't want to give joe biden a win and the democrats win. it's just horrific that we are putting political issues ahead of children's lives. we are putting the nra before children's lives. we are putting our own political careers before children's lives. >> laura: will your response? >> the degradation of republicans don't care about the victims it's absolutely horrendous that they would make that application. with these red flag laws would do is allow family members and household members to take your guns, so think of a family going through a divorce, one spous

really not i don't like you, and even though it's talking about, it's here's the documents, as john adams said years and years ago, facts are stubborn things. host: let me bring in catherine out of pompano beach, florida, independent. good morning. caller: good morning. i love jill. she always has something to say that is relevant and she is always backing it up with facts. guest: thank you, catherine. caller: that's very rare. on the saturday night massacre, what was it like to be working under those circumstances, where people were getting thrown under the bus and having to resign at such a rapid pace? guest: that's a great question. i will try to answer it quickly, but it is a great story. we had the press conference, and archibald cox -- everyone should listen to the recording of his press conference, because he is an admirable man of great integrity, he was wonderful. when it ended, i was supposed to leave for new york for a family wedding. i got together with my team and said, i can't go, obviously. they said, it's saturday night in washington. what could possibly happen? host: of a