the first one is how much did franklin roosevelt know about? breckenridge long and others in the state department were doing in 1938 1939 1940 1941 to make it as difficult as possible for refugees to enter the united states and my second question is if you could ask fdr one question, what would you ask and what do you think his answer would be? nothing like an easy question. so on the as far as the first question, i'm breckenridge long. you know roosevelt was this sounds like an excuse. but again, let's keep in mind that it was the great depression and that it was world war two or at least we were on the verge of a world war in europe during that period that you mentioned 1938 to 1940. he had a lot of he had a lot of balls in the air during that time. and i think he was aware. to some extent of what was happening in the state department in particularly of what? breckenridge long was doing it was not his highest priority. there's no doubt about it. he was aware because his wife was telling him. she she was she did everything she could. to influe

so elite is just brought up franklin roosevelt. so david, why don't we you have a lovely line that she saw her marriage to franklin as an opportunity to quote spanish forever the bad story of her parents by putting virtue and virtuous husband in her own from now on wrote eleanor a certain kind of orthodox. goodness was my ideal and ambitions to talk about her meeting franklin roosevelt and their marriage and that marriage was like well franklin was her fifth cousin and they met on a train one summer day on a train going up river heat a hyde park and she to her grandmother's house at tivoli. where as alita has already referenced. there were blocks on the inside of her door to protect her from her uncles who had once been, you know, charming young men around town tennis champions and so forth now predatory alcoholics who were dangerous and scary and eleanor's life in her grandmother's house both at tivoli but in town as well where she lived during her coming out period and just after the at the time she met franklin was chaos. it was

talk about her meeting franklin roosevelt, their marriage. >> well, franklin was her fifth cousin, and they met on a train one summer day, on a train going upriver. he to the park, and he sheet to her grandmother tells. al-ata has already referenced, there were blocks on the inside of her door to protect them from the ankles, who had ones have been a charming young men around town, tennis champions. alcoholics who are dangerous and scalp very, and eleanor's life, being in her grandmother's house, in town, as well, where she lived, and it just after, at the time she met franklin was chaos. it was pure chaos. it was not knowing where she lived, not knowing what her future would be, where she was even going to go. franklin's life was solid. it was backed by a mother who created a couple that eleanor attached to. i think of them as a compact of oddball's. eleanor was odd, and that she was left out. i think of her as being ghosted by the roosevelt. her own family was discontinued as one of her cousins, roosevelt's cousin said. there was no mother. there was no father. it was her brother, pa

franklin d. roosevelt library was our first, we now have 15 libraries in total, more than 660 million pages of text records, 640,000 museum objects. i'd like to express my appreciation to our colleagues at fdr and throughout the presidential library system who worked tirelessly to preserve access to the documents that define us as a people. i was pleased that in david nicklaus's acknowledgment, he calls out, and i quote, roosevelt library supervisor christian carter and her support team including matthew hansen, sara and patrick. he notes that in the stacks of hyde park, roosevelts papers rise 899 cubic feet, more than 1 million documents. the content traversing no fewer than nine ages of world history, from the victorian age to the space age. let me close with these words from this biography. luckily, eleanor result believed in protecting and guaranteeing individual freedom. nothing could have forged a greater trust with her future barack verse, scholars, and historians then the counterintuitive measure o

i mean, i think franklin roosevelt was delighted as he would have did say to have his new uncle teddy giveaway the bride but as soon as theodore roosevelt entered the room the entire wedding party turned to him and the bride and groomer left standing pretty much alone on the other side of the house and and someone once quipped. well, you know theodore he has to be the bride at every wedding and the corpse at every funeral so and the baby at every christian the baby in every christening, right? and the only day that the roosevelts could get married by the way was march 17th, because that was saint patrick's day and tr was going to be the grand. well, not the grand marshal but be in the grandstand you can't just do a wedding a family wedding on a trip from from new york. well, here's another thing that's worth comparing. and talking about in terms of both these leaders and that is that they are both tested. with what you might call surprise attacks that launched wars both interestingly have come under questioning by some people in the 20th and 21st century did. either of them know it wa

i think franklin roosevelt was delighted as he says would say to have his new uncle, teddy, give away the bride. but as soon as theodore roosevelt entered the room, the entire wedding party turned to him and the bride and groom were off standing pretty much alone on the other side of the house. and someone once said, you know theodore, he has to be the bride at every wedding in the corpse at every funeral. . >> and the baby at every christening. >> and the baby at every christening. >> it was st. patrick's day and tr was going to be in the grandstand. you can't just to a family wedding in new york. here's another thing it's worth comparing and talking about in terms of both of these leaders and men. they are both tested with what you might call surprise attacks that launched wars. both, interesting li, have come under questioning by some people in the 20th and 21st centuries. did either of them know the attack was coming? does that diminish from their response? on the left, i will start with what is obviously from fort sumter, the bombardment of fort sumter. lincoln doesn't exactly in

if you visit spurring would house, you see the bedrooms, there is a large franklin roosevelt bedroom.t the other end of the hall there is a large sarah roosevelt bedroom. in between there is a closet where eleanor slept. and the physical arrangement says a lot about what was happening there. of course, harold, who lives in the house she built for them can tell you more about that as well. >> i try to go home at night. but i dwell there. we don't even have an illiberal bedroom. we have a franklin bedroom and a serb edge room, where i worked. my office is in her bedroom. for everything we, know eleanor either slept in whatever child's room was available because the child was away, or during roosevelt's recovery she slept on the floor of his bedroom and administer to him in ways that must be inspired by love. that was very difficult to care for him in the early they. i would say sarah and franklin were in love with the same person, franklin. she was devoted, totally devoted to him. and not always nice to eleanor. but she drove eleanor out of that house. that house that i work in. she mad

often though the prosperians argued that they supported isolationism because they believe that franklin roosevelt would use the war to seize dictatorial control and become an american caesar. they believe that roosevelt wanted to aid hitler's enemies not because he feared for us security not because he sympathized with a victims of fascist aggression, but because he believed that a war would give him the opportunity to seize total control of the government and democracy cancel elections and start his own dynasty. so let me give you a couple of examples mccormick for instance argued even before the war began in europe. the roosevelt was engaged in a conspiracy to drag the country into war he gave an independence day speech in 1939 and what she used the words conspirators or conspirator conspiracy four times in one sentence. to explain roosevelt's goal, which he said was to quote scrap the constitution and supplant it with the terrorism and communism of russia. now after the war began in europe the hearst patterson mccormick, press argued against aiding the british. and even argue that roosevelt ag

he was part of the honor guard for franklin roosevelt's funeral. he used his magazine to bash the new deal and fdr for the rest of his life and he was part of the honor guard. the second one, this one should be a movie, we had a neighbor of ours back in virginia by the name of dick snyder, dick snyder had a great story enough himself, he was part of the only three class of west point, he was given to the war. he flew close air support for the d-day invasion. he was shot down, he survived, but he was hidden in a belgian farmer's barn. he was there for about three weeks before german patrols and he spent the duration of the war in a pow camp. before he left he gave his wife his silk parachute. silk is highly prized. flash forward 50 years later his wife mary was a surfer of the internet. she is elderly but very proficient with the computer, she comes across this story about a woman in belgium who was getting married and is getting married in a silk dress made by her great, great grandmother of the parachute of an american pilot. every woman in that f

but, there were people around franklin roosevelt who were just for surrender. not unconditional, let's just get it over with. let's end it, the war is won. let him stay in power, there were others -- eisenhower, for instance, wanted hitler deposed and put on trial with all of the other nazi thugs. >> which leads perfectly into my next question. fdr was our first and only four time president, i am actually going to read this. he was a president that ronald reagan once called a american giant, a leader who shaped, inspired, and let our people through perilous times. how critical was fdr's four terms in america's stance involved in the victory of the war? >> all encompassing, all encompassing. john patrick dickens was a historian who has passed away a couple of years ago. a friend of mine. he was actually part of the free speech movement at berkeley and actually did battle with governor reagan over campus protests. later, this liberal became an admirer of ronald reagan. he wrote a book called fate, freedom and the making of history. in this book this liberal profe

he was part of the honor guard for franklin roosevelt's funeral the engine. he said he's used his magazine to bash the new deal and fdr for the rest of his life and he was part of the honor guard the second one. and by the way, this should be a movie is that serena and i we had a neighbor of ours down back in virginia by the name of -- snyder now -- snyder had a great story in and of self he was part of the only three year class of west point there was rushed out. into the war he flew of p-47s close air support for the dna invasion. he was he was shot down. he survived fortunately, but he was hid he was hidden in a belgian farmers of barn. and he was there for about three weeks before german patrols picked him up and he went into appear w camp and spent the duration of the war in the pierogi camp. before he left in gratitude he gave the belgian farmer's wife his silk parachute, which is silk was highly prized. flash forward now 50 60 years later. is that his -- wife. mary was great surfer of the internet. she's elderly but she's very proficient with a compute

to 1945, franklin roosevelt came from an extraordinarily wealthy family of very high elite socialite family dating back to the 1600s. the roosevelt family. the delano family were old money that had built their fortunes in merchant ah, ship building other trades. roosevelt was a pragmatist. and when it suited american interests was prepared to co operate with the soviet union. it was under his rule that you're a soviet diplomatic relations were established in 1933 franklin delano roosevelt is recognized by many in the american historical and academic and political ranks as one of the greatest for term presidents in history. the only president to ever, sir. 4 terms, in fact, for his work in resuscitating the united states after an economic depression that occurred after the fall of the stock market in the 19 twenty's. the big 3 is how the allied 2nd world war leaders were known. they had different personalities, were from very different backgrounds and had opposing views, each defended their own peoples and ruling classes, interests that biz die indigo. she stood the men chide, krista t

and i knew there were two roosevelts and somehow i knew she meant meant franklin roosevelt. so i started to read all of the children's books. and then grown-up books about the roosevelt family. and i've been hooked from that day to this. and i think the thing that i have always loved the most about them. is the courage and joy that they showed? in the face of the vicissitudes of life i'm thinking of theodore the way he overcame asthma. franklin the way he dealt with polio and eleanor with her crippling shyness. i just i can't say enough about them and just the more i've read i could go on and on all day talking about theodore roosevelt's wonderful sons. and someday i hope to write a biography of tweets grandfather archie who was just an extraordinarily brave man? he was the only man who was discharged with a what's called a total disability meaning he was shot to pieces in world war one. and then 20 years later. he received a total disability in world war two. and was just an extremely brave man with a lot of moral and physical courage all his life but today. i want to talk t

roosevelt was a pragmatist. and when it suited american interests was prepared to cooperate with the soviet union, it was under his rule that you, a soviet diplomatic relations were established in 1933. franklin delano roosevelt is recognized by many in the american historical and academic and political ranks as one of the greatest for term presidents in history. the only president to ever sir. 4 terms, in fact, for his work in resuscitating the united states after an economic depression that occurred after the fall of the stock market in the 19 twenty's. the big 3 is how the allied 2nd world war leaders were known. they had different personalities, were from very different backgrounds and had opposing views, each defended their own peoples and ruling class. his interests that miss donna, he, indigo. she stood the men chide, krista, thank up as non east o in his books and on lot. so who has a ph? d in history? so really analyzes the events of world war 2. as why our asked my leaving the ship to the main. shag, dash, i enjoy has been place in creek thing dodge fund to the start mench dunbar in dinner for she there is a shaft employee to show off. no one hash hash molly guy i swam no yes she th

on august 10, 1921 , franklin roosevelt, the future president of the united states , was paralyzed, he was resting with his family, he was sailing in a boat, he swam in cold water, and by the evening, he fell ill, the cause was most likely the polio virus by that time, the roosevelts were already well aware of the senator, assistant minister of the navy, candidate vice presidents, he did not despair with extraordinary courage. struggled with the disease was engaged in gymnastics swimming. and in he was helped in everything by his wife eleanor roosevelt began to walk on crutches with braces on his legs and never appeared in public in a wheelchair, 28 he was elected governor of new york, and in the thirty-second president. he put forward a program of reform. he led the country out of the great depression during the war against fascism did a lot to strengthen the anti-hitler coalition and remain the only american president who served three terms in a row and was elected for the fourth roosevelt sought to cooperate with the ussr and said. after the war, our country will always be happy to

roturns out after roosevelt franklin delano roosevelt signed the order to allow the military to uproot i japanese, two-thirds of the american citizens and move them away from the west coast the first ones to leave were from this island. the island said we are going to talk about it and we are going to have a more ill. the supreme court in the decision in 1944 affirmed that use of executive power by franklin roosevelt. in 1983 the supreme court repudiated the decision and in 1988 congress concluded reparations. americans are good at this. i nothing is certain but the courts have a very good record on protecting speech and not so good at protecting the constitutional p equilibrium tht madison gave us between the two branches of government. if the courts don't do it no one will. >> wehost: i would like you you to give us some perspective because we've been so worried about what happened particular in january 6 when we sawrt violt deliberately seek out to disrupt the peaceful transfer of power. their court cases winding through for those individuals. i'm not sure that's something the court

he is not his fifth cousin franklin roosevelt in the new deal world war two. that'll come in a few weeks. this is the first and the greater maybe roosevelt so we'll talk about him. a little bit of background here on where and when was he born his bringing up ears? the roosevelt's born october of 1858 in new york city he's a kind of symbolically. anyway, the kind of hardened center of american life born to a very wealthy family. we'll talk about that in a little bit. he is very much a child of the civil war who was only you know, five years old kind of when a lot of this was happening, but it impacted him greatly. i'll come back to the slide in a second. here are two photographs. this is a photograph of president lincoln's funeral procession in the spring of 1865 after he had been assassinated. his body came back from washington dc to springfield, illinois where he was going to be buried and as part of that procession for americans to pay their last respects to him came down broadway in new york city. and here's the photograph of the procession and you can see r

we were in a depression when franklin roosevelt took over roosevelt had a federal reserve, we had a uniform tax system the day after inauguration in march 5th lincoln offers chase the job chases. well, he's going to have to think about it not so fast lincoln sense his name up. he doesn't have a time for that jason begins to give link a little pinpricks the battle of bull run is one of the early battles that goes terribly chase sends letters around his friends saying this was not a military failure was administration failure, you know, it's true sticking the needle to lincoln someone writes a very negative article about to be the way the north is pursuing. the war chase has the thoughtfulness to put it in envelope and mail it to lincoln himself so he can see what he's being thought of he begins to conspires not too strong a word to conspire with generals asking them if they agree with lincoln strategy and so on lincoln tolerates this because he needs chase's acumen. he's terribly bright and very hard worker and extremely dedicated to the cause but chase really puts them through a lot

and then barack obama did what franklin roosevelt, harry truman, richard nixon could not do.to law the affordable care act, extending health care coverage to millions of people who could not afford it, through an expansion of medicaid and subsidies for private health insurance. and yesterday, joe biden signed into law legislation that would strengthen medicare and reduce health care costs through medicare and the affordable care act, provoking barack obama to say, on twitter, this is a bfd. >> we are giving medicare the power to negotiate those prices now. on [inaudible] this mean seniors are gonna pay less for their prescription drugs. that means, if you are on medicare, you'll never have to a more than $2,000 a year, no matter how many prescriptions you have, whether it is for cancer or any other disease. no more than $2,000 a year. the inflation reduction act locks in place lower health care premiums for millions of families who get their coverage under the affordable care act. >> joining us now is democratic congresswoman lauren underwood of illinois. she's a registered n

franklin roosevelt had an absentee father. his mother lived in the white house with him until she died in 1940. harry truman had a wayward father. his mother was a disciple of christ. you had the ida type figure, the inspiration. harry must have been very important to his mother. she confused him with a lot of idealism. part eisenhower was -- dwight eisenhower was somebody the family relied on to a large extent. his father was disappointed in many ways, david was. he gambled in a business venture in the late 1880's. in 1890. he suffered the stigma. having lost a farm. that was a big deal for mennonites. in a community for the farmers. i say that made him a very tough guy. i think dwight eisenhower probably budget horns with him fairly often. by the time -- same token, he is being inspired by a very observant mother who won bible quotation contests all over dickenson county and that sort of thing. kennedy appears an exception. his father was a real taskmaster. his mother was a beautiful rose. look at lyndon johnson. his mother

from franklin roosevelt to teddy roosevelt and william howard taft. and as i say i wouldn't change it for anything in the world. so i'm so grateful to have become an historic historian and so glad to be among presidential descendants is so exciting for me to meet all of you today. so here we are and i'm going to talk to you today really about the presidents that i know the best which are lincoln teddy franklin and lbj and how they found time in this terrible times of pressure. we're living in a really difficult time. now as you all know, there's a cascading series of crises and we have to find ways to find ourselves in the midst of it all one thing. i think that history can teach us is the most important lesson is that we've been through really difficult times before really really hard times the civil war the great depression world war two and the thing is that we know how those crises ended. we know that the civil war ended with emancipation secure in the union restored. we know the great depression came to an end when there was a mobilization for wo