carolyn heinrich, we will start with you. ms. : it really shaped educational practice at many levels. it was a law that came out of work that was already being done in the state to try to reckon with the fact that when we looked at our students performance, we were not measuring up to our peers in other countries and there was concern about some groups falling further behind. not only at the federal level but states had already been looking at things we could do to change the circumstances. as we know, george w. bush was president and much of what came to be part of no child left behind reflected things that were being done in texas as well as other places and it really did, for more than a decade, shaped what was happening at the local level. host: rick, as part of his platform, george w. bush ran on passing a law like this. changes happened with the law. we will get into that. tell us how it was received at the time in terms of the policy changes it made. mr. hess: it was modeled on what they did in texas. it was a bipartisan ef