dustan: corals make the frame of the reef. the other animals live in and on that. they're like the trees in a forest; the fish live in the corals much like the birds live in the trees. the corals have specialized fish that live with them, and together they form the community of the coral reef. so we have a co-evolved community that's been doing this for 200 million years. it's like if you go into a small community in new england that's been around for maybe 200 years, everybody's very close-knit. there are all these people that have their little jobs, and they all fit together to make the community work well. so imagine one day when we go into that new england community and we kill the gardeners, and the weeds begin to grow. and then we sort of randomly kidnap people, take away a couple lawyers who take away a couple doctors, we take a few mothers, we take the garbage collector. oh, all of a sudden, the garbage doesn't get collected. pretty soon, that community just falls apart. milner: it's this diversity that's key, that's keeping the reef alive, the reef as a who

but -- this is a true reality for our coral reefs around the world. it is estimates that already half the reefs have bleached. like i said, the projections for 2050 are really bad. but the book isn't completely -- it's not an obituary. there are people around the world doing things that are bolstering the health of the coral reefs, so as they come into this period of stress, stress as we warm our oceans and our planet, there are things we can do, and so i wanted to tell some of those stories. this is a reef in indonesia. you can see the rubble beneath those bars, that's a dead reef. those structures are called reef stars. they're made out of rebar, and they are kind of networked together into a galaxy of reef stars, and what happens is the reef has resiliency, and after about 18 months, the coral has grown, and after three years, you have a reef that is completely restored. so there is a lot of work being done to protect the coral reefs and all of the life they support, but it's also precarious time for them. >> it was coral reef that got me hooked on

so this is a coral reef. the coral reef take up less than 1% of the oceans area. they are quite small in terms of the basic but they have a disproportional effect on marine life. estimated one quarter of all marine species depend on coral reefs at some point in their life. coral reefs are these incredibly vibrant, abundant places rich, rich, rich and marine life. but coral have a problem or bumping up against climate change. the reason why coral are for small animals. like whittlesey and enemies that live in colonies. most of them about the size of a pencil eraser. their super power that is that in their tissues you can see a number one the littles green dt our. algae. those algae photosynthesize and feed 90% the sugar they make to the coral. that is so much energy the coral can actually make stone they make the limestone skeleton that they live inside a parade that creates the architecture of a reef. but when temperatures rise we don't know exactly who starts a bit in the coral kicked out that algae or the algae abandons the coral and takes witht it its color and

this is a true reality for coral reefs around the world. already 50% of the reefs of bleached. -- have bleached. ejections for 2050 are really bad. -- projections for 2050 are really bad, but the book is not an obituary. people around the world are bolstering the health of coral reefs so as they come and do this period of stress as we warm our oceans and our planet, there are things we can do. i wanted to tell some of those stories. this is a reef in indonesia. you can see the rubble beneath those bars. that's a dead reef. those structures are called brief stars. -- reef stars. they are made out of rebar and they are networked together into a galaxy. what happens is the race has resiliency and after about 18 months, -- the reef has resiliency and after about 18 months of the coral has grown and after three years you have a reef that is completely restored. so there is a lot of work being done to protect the coral reefs and all the life they support. it's also a precarious time. edith: it was coral reefs that got me hooked on marine biology.

you showed some pictures of the bleached coral reefs and then revitalized restored coral reef in the same indonesian, and you mentioned the rebar reef star that was used. i guess if it takes just one to two degrees of temperature change to bleach the coral how much more does it take to restore the coral because i'm very interested in how that restored in that same area . >> the bleached reef so the reef that was restored was bombed out reef so there is something called black fishing which is common in around coral reef unfortunately so that actually had been black fish and unless they put those reef stars in place that rubble would roll around and reef can reestablish itself there so that reef had been bombed 30 years ago, the one where the reef stars were. but you do see it sort of a similar crumbling in a bleached out reef. so i should be clear they work just the same places. and what was the question? like how could you restore a bleached reef. this, that reef star project has been only used about over 10 hectares but that is the largest restoration exists right now. the question i

but anticipation of that how do you cross a coral reef at low tide if there's a low tide if you've had boats they're going to run afoul on two on the coral and the coral probably many places stretches 400, 800 yards wide. have you ever run in a bathtub or in a swimming pool? how slow that process is. and imagine the challenge of climbing out of of a of a landing craft onto, a coral reef in which it still is going to have some water on it. and these are ocean currents might add. and then having to lumber across the coral reef drop into the lagoon, which might actually be, say, somewhere in the realm of eight feet deep, right. the reef drop into that with a pack and a rifle and somehow manage to hold your breath while you're waiting ashore. and as you wait ashore with with the water, as it's receding, you're getting shot at by bye bye machine guns by mortars and other kinds of weaponry. that's a recipe for disaster. and so aware of this tactical challenge across coral reefs alerted the marines to try and study this problem. the challenge for them was they weren't able to convince the nav

for the testing of and phoebe's assault techniques in anticipation of that, how do you cross a coral reef at low tide? if they've had boats, he would run afoul on the coral. the coral, in many places stretches 400, 800 yards migrant have you ever run in the bathtub or the swimming pool? how slow that process is? imagine the challenge of climbing out of a landing craft onto a coral reef. it's still gonna have some water on it. these are or -- lumbering across, drop into the lagoon which might actually be somewhere in the realm of eight feet deep drop into that with a pack and rifle somehow managed to hold your breath while you wait ashore. as you weighed ashore with the water as it recedes, you are getting shot up by machine gun, mortar, all kind of weapons that is a recipe for disaster. aware of this tactical challenge across coral reefs, alerting the marines to try to study this problem. the challenge for them is they weren't able to convince the navy that this was a problem. we will see how that works now. we could pose this question how would the navy and the marine corpreconcile their

that cld be found in at least 22 coral reef organisms, ranging from corals toueen con to a nuer of ral reefishes. at we discored was at out oall the sames that collect, 68% of the samples that we collected were contaminated with imidacloprid. 53% of the samples we collected were contaminated with fipronil, wch is another systemic pesticide. so the level of contamination on a coral reef, especially the second-largest barrier reef in the world, is pretty disturbing. >> if neonics harm animals, what about people? in human surrogates like rats and mice, neonics are linked to a wide range of disorders. and in human blood studies, they are linked tdna damage and cell mutations. federal agencies like the environmental protection agency are really supposed to be, um, managing these insecticides in a way that causes minimal harm to humans and other animals. >> starting in the 1990s, agency scientists were raising red flags about the mobility, the persistence, the toxicity of these neonic products, including the effects on pollinators and other wildlife. >> epa documents show agency scientists k

cynthia, when the coral reef is healthy, fish cross crabs and other creatures tribe around. if any body, so only if the sea cucumber tribes of yellow sea will there be fish in the sea for our future generations formerly either with the threat to the sea, cucumbers began when demand for them started soaring, mostly in china, dry t cucumber, known as batch the mare is a popular delicacy and also considered an aphrodisiac. as a result, porting in india has increased 13 fold over the last 5 years for the one i can. lynette a youth on the alone will again, while right now, lots of young people are involved in scribe when in big smugglers where misleading young people is saying that they would like only go to jail for 5 to 10 days. and then they would come out and, and the case would be trots frequently, but 2 events campaigns conducted by the forest department. and we have reiterated that much of data. this is a highly dangerous act. the punishment is similar to the crime of hosting a tiger. and landing, or an elephant to lower punishment. get a gamma i think equal on a punishmen

of bleaching when the coral reef is healthily. fish cross crabs and other creatures tribe around if any body. so only if the sea cucumber tribes idiocy will there be fish in the sea for our future generations. this is what i'm really the threat to the sea. cucumbers began when demand for them started soaring, mostly in china, dried t cucumber, known as batch. the mare is a popular delicacy and also considered an aphrodisiac. as a result, poaching in india has increased 13 fold over the last 5 years. for the one i have been to us on a level and every used one the low will. again, we're writing lots of young people were involved in the scribe when in big smugglers where misleading young people. but he's saying that they would like only go to jail for $5.00 to $10.00 days, and then they come out and, and the case of detroit frequently. but 2 events campaigns conducted by the force department. we have reiterated that amount of data. this is a highly dangerous act. the punishment is similar to the crime of the hosting a tiger and landing, or an elephant delora or punishment, get a gamma

opposite quiet place with incredible offers for diving, the city of ouim, famous for its unique coral reef archipelago, bazarto, consisting of five islands, is a paradise for beach lovers. national parks and wildlife sanctuaries we have also taken a number of serious measures to protect wildlife. i love animals very much, for example, goncosa national park has become one of the world's major tourist destinations, the number of tourists has increased significantly. but we can do more is still running the well- known beaches in the south. mozambique many national parks in the neasa protected reserve home to about 350 individuals of african wild dogs, an endangered species bagena national park is part of the greater limpopo reserve, it is connected with parks in south africa and zimbabwe, giant baobabs grow here in the savannah. there are buffaloes and giraffes here. lions, leopards, impalas, marsh, goats, ostriches and crocodiles is another zenawa national park located in yin-yambana province on an area of ​​4,000 m². here, rare animals black rhinoceros are under protection. mozambique is ri

across from quiet, a place with incredible diving offers, the city of wim, famous for its unique coral reef archipelago, bazarto, consisting of five islands, is a paradise for beach lovers. national parks and wildlife sanctuaries we have also taken a number of serious measures to protect wildlife. i love animals very much, for example, goncosa national park has become one of the world's major tourist destinations, the number of tourists has increased significantly. but we can still do more well-known beaches in the south. mozambique many national parks in the neasa protected reserve home to about 350 individuals of african wild dogs, an endangered species bogena national park is part of the greater limpopo reserve, it is connected with parks in south africa and zimbabwe, giant baobabs grow here in the savannah. there are buffaloes, zharov and lions. leopards. impala, wading goats, ostriches and crocodiles, another zenava national park is located in the province of inyambarna on an area of ​​4,000 m². rare animals are protected here black rhinos. mozambique is a fertile land, so the traditio

if you are not interested in hearing about oceans and coral reefs, first i'm sorry for you.m [laughter] we are going to be diving into 45 minutes of conversation about our ocean spirit will start and sun drenched in shallow waters

use of non-mineral based sunscreen the new law comes in an effort to protect marine life and the coral reefusinesses could even face up to a thousand dollar fine for not complying research has found high amounts of toxic chemicals from sunscreen and busy recreation areas. sunscreens made with natural minerals of zinc oxide or titanium. dioxide are still allowed. dolly parton is helping children in california experience the wonder of reading. governor's office tweeted a video about the expansion of dolly parton's imagination library across the state it'll provide children under five with free books for a while one book a month will be mailed to a child's home more than 2.4 million kids in california will get the chance to enroll in this program the library launched in 1995 in tennessee. where part grew up she was inspired to create the program by her father who could not read or write. a former president jimmy carter turned 98 years old today. he celebrated at a parade in his hometown of plains, georgia and the carter center will host a series of virtual events to celebrate his legacy. garte

the gulf of alghero is saltier than the ocean and filtered by the red coral reef, its unusually cleana nice bath. when it floats it means that its ready. >> antonietta is making a local dish called lobster alla catalana, which is prepared with a fresh salad. >> so, onion? >> the onion needs to soak in water and vinegar. it expels the acidity. if you are going on a date, you won't make a bad impression. >> and where is this recipe from? >> it was brought by the catalans here to alghero. >> how long have you owned this place for? >> i've owned it for 27 years. at 16 i got a vespa, at 18 a car. i became independent and nobody could stop me anymore. >> yes. >> this restaurant is my boyfriend. i never cheat on it; i take care of it. >> woah, look at that. >> antonietta belongs to a long line of sardinian women who since medieval times have managed not only the home, but often the family business. >> the life should be put here. there you go. a wonderful female lobster with its eggs. >> in america the eggs tend to be thrown out. but antonietta blends them with a simple vinaigrette to add a

if you are not interested in hearing about oceans and coral reefs, first, i'm sorry for you, and also you may [inaudible] out of the room. we are going to be diving into

states has national parks devoted to canyons and deserts, glaciers and geysers, even under water coral reefs 63 national parks in all, but somehow we skipped the american prairie. the grasslands that once stretched from the mississippi river to the rockies played a vital role in the lives of native americans, white settlers and an endless variety of wildlife. they inspired explorers and artists, but apparently not park planners. nearly 20 years ago a nonprofit organization began trying to fix that. not with a new national park but rather a huge privately operated nature reserve on the great plains. one that would be open to the public but also a place where buffalo can roam once again. through a vast stretch of open and for the most empty assland, aison ip y two-track t sear of al this road is incredible. fox is the ceo of american prairie, which has, as just one of many audacious goals, the restoration of bison to a landscape they once ruled. oh, there. there. >> there they are. >> there. look at them. wow. there they are. >> look at the babies. >> look at that. >> oh. >> we found part of w

bonnie: it's like a dead coral reef. it's like a cemetery. and these are the tombstones.it feels like that. bonnie: we see larvae in the water. stephanie: baxter brings researchers from westminster college to gather specimens weekly. bonnie: these mounds should be covered with mats of microorganisms that do photosynthesis and bring the sun's energy into the lake system. but you can see that they're dry and they're not green and they're out of the water. even the ones in the water are not healthy because they're too salty. the ones out of the water are too dry. stephanie: the mounds are called microbialites. bonnie: this is the foundation of the great salt lake ecosystem. and we're seeing it crash and die right before our eyes. stephanie: the lake is at its lowest level in history. as a result, it's becoming too salty even for species adapted to high salinity. bonnie: we're not seeing any fly pupae today, that's terrifying. stephanie: brine flies feed the millions of birds that flock here, as do brine shrimp, which are also harvested. it is just one part of the $1.3 billio

does have destroyed the coral on the reef and decimated fish stocks to vera says minimal. but despite that, some members of his crew have gone fishing now under the cover of darkness to top up their otherwise measly whole. or i don't always if it feels like being a thief in your own back yard. all of the fishermen here, that's how we feel like we are foreigners visiting a country law and they are not letting us in law is being ours as a sub in i'm in but with asian countries divide it on how to respond to china. there is no serious challenge to beijing's expansionism for christopher de vera and mary of lemon take fishing is all they've ever known. their only hope now is that china won't lay claim to even more of their fishing grounds. that's all for thursday. be sure to check out our website and social media will leave you with pictures from india. a celebration following the selection of a new party near malik cards in cargo for the opposition congress party is the 1st time in more than 2 decades where the party will not be led by a member of the gandhi or narrow politica

locals, they will tell about their hero, then we dive to the bottom of the ancient perm sea with a coral reefrs. now here is land, a favorite place for paragliders. if you climb up with them, you can imagine how the reefs looked out from the depths of the ancient sea, especially during fog. after such a walk, you look at the landscape of bashkiria in a different way. that's where here only rocks and caves, nature reserves and shulgan-tash have been preserved, even on rock drawings mammoths, horses and other animals. why their ancestors painted them, no one will answer clearly. on one cave was a temple of ancient people, they will tell about it in the local museum. matsey and full immersion 20,000 years ago, ancient people came here. here is the shulgantash and it was in this month that the primitive art of the bashkirs was born, in general they like to immerse tourists in their atmosphere, dress up in the national board, teach archery. make from a regular branch an unusual flute is taught horseback riding and if you are invited to drink tea, get ready to drink tea, it’s already possible to ea

apparently the acidified water is eating away at the limestone, which is just a coral reef.ning the ground. you cannot even bill because of that. also you will have a bunch of underground lakes before you know it and a surface that will be paperthin. you are barking up the wrong tree. people have to start vacating florida. host: let's go to john in california. north hollywood, california. you are on. caller: hello dear reviewers. how long will this corrupt american government and corrupt american cia keep spoiling this country? they do not want to take preventive measures to stop natural disasters in this country. all they know is devouring and spoiling the world population. stop these criminals in american government. the cia. host: thanks. we talked about florida a lot. puerto rico dealing with the aftereffects of hurricane fiona. what is their status and what is the difference as far as recovery they are considering their location away from the contingent united states. guest: puerto rico has not recovered from hurricane maria five years ago because puerto rico started ou

just sitting on a coral reef. stunning images.y very few get a chance to see. you have to have a scuba convocation or spend amounts of time underwater snorkelling to get a glimpse of this marine life. it is fantastic. this competition has opened it up to many of us. is that a challenge in yourjob, so much of the ocean is a mystery? i{sirs much of the ocean is a mystery? 9596 ofthe much of the ocean is a mystery? 9596 of the ocean — much of the ocean is a mystery? 353/23 of the ocean remains undiscovered and we learn more things every time we go out, particularly in the deep c. threats such as deep sea mining, we are looking for potentially precious metals that can go in car batteries, actually we could be doing more damage than we realise. it is always a trade—off. spectacular imagery. i think that is on a piece of plastic. it is an octopus, i believe. more plastic. plastic, we will never rid the ocean of plastic but we can try to reduce consumption of it.— consumption of it. some of these beautiful images _ consumption of it. som

reef safe sunscreen on maui and molokai. and on the big island of hawaii starting december 1, same rule applies. why are they doing this? it's meant to protect coralm the chemicals from certain types of some screen. if if you are going to the islands and those areas, made with zinc oxide or titanium dioxide are the ones that are allowed. in case you forget to bring some, they will have dispensers at 20 of maui's popular beach locations. another vacation, peloton users will be able to keep up with her exercise routines while on trips, if they they stay at a hilton. two companies reached a deal to put pellet on bikes in hiltons 5400 hotels in the u.s., those are expected to be delivered within the next few weeks. some hiltons hiltons have the peloton products but those were brought by individual operators. > >> coming up, one of the bay area's shining athletes getting attention overseas. skills from our own steph curry when we come come back. > >> coming up on the cbs evening news, we sit down with the head of the cia, naomi: every year the wildfires, the smoke seems to get worse. jessica: there is actual particles on every single surface. dr. cooke

reef. it's the third year that tourism vessels, dive boats and fishing charters will mobilise to document the impact of climate change and other threats to the world's largest coralce investigation has found that social media giant tiktok is taking up to 70% of donations given through their app to hundreds of displaced families in syria. the investigation found vulnerable families, including dozens of children are given access to equipmemt and accounts by middlemen in order to livestream for hours at a time, begging for digital gifts that can be converted into real money. charities have accused tiktok of violating their own terms and the families' human rights. hannah gelbart reports. there is a new trend on tiktok, children and cams in syria begging on live streams for hours at a time. they are asking for virtual gifts that can then be converted into real money. working with bbc arabic with our more than 300 tiktok accounts posting these kinds of videos with viewers sometimes spending more than $1000 an hourin spending more than $1000 an hour in total on the gifts. the idea behind tiktok gift is for rewarding people for interesting content. they are bought with

reef. it�*s the third year that tourism vessels, dive boats and fishing charters will mobilise to document the impact of climate change and other threats to the world�*s largest coralow significant is this? let�*s speak to tv critic and broadcaster scott bryan, who joins us now. good morning, good to have you with us. really this is all about the advertisers on how much netflix can get from them?— get from them? yes, very much so. they have — get from them? yes, very much so. they have been _ get from them? yes, very much so. they have been saying _ get from them? yes, very much so. they have been saying they - get from them? yes, very much so. they have been saying they are i get from them? yes, very much so. l they have been saying they are going to be launching an app for quite awhile now. of course, it�*s been quite widely reported that netflix created a bit of a wobble for the industry when they announced they weren�*t having substantial levels of growth. they then lost a few followers, if you subscribers over the summer and it has rebounded a little bit but then they have said in order to get more people to subscribe, they�*re going to be having an app suppor