linghao bao is a tech analyst at policy research firm trivium, china. hejoins me from shanghai. thank you both for speaking to the bbc. chris, if i can start with you. the us concerns about china advancing in chip technology, are they justified? well, there's no doubt that chinese firms have been making real strides in the past decade, especially in the sphere of chip design capabilities. and what you find historically is that whenever powerful countries have advanced computing technologies, they deploy them to intelligence and to military systems. so i think the us is not wrong to infer that as china makes more advances in chips and more advances in computing, it will try to apply those to intelligence capability then to military systems, since that's what all great powers have tended to do in the past. linghao, if i can bring you in, how are the us efforts to try and prevent china from advancing and chip technology affecting chinese companies? i think the most famous example is huawei, right? the company was cut—off from getting advanced chips for a smartphone. and to give you

linghao bao is a tech analyst at policy research firm trivium, china. hejoins me from shanghai. start with you. the us concerns about china advancing in chip technology, are they justified? well, there's no doubt that chinese firms have been making real strides in the past decade, especially in the sphere of chip design capabilities. and what you find historically is that whenever powerful countries have advanced computing technologies, they deploy them to intelligence and to military systems. so i think the us is not wrong to infer that as china makes more advances in chips and more advances in computing, it will try to apply those to intelligence capability then to military systems, since that's what all great powers have tended to do in the past. linghao, if i can bring you in, how are the us efforts to try and prevent china from advancing and chip technology affecting chinese companies? i think the most famous example is huawei, right? the company was cut—off from getting advanced chips for a smartphone. and to give you a bit of context, like how impactful that was, at that

linghao: sure. think there's no doubt that with this arrangement, the state will have greater control. but i think we also have to look at the specific set up. the government goal here is actually very specific, which is to gain more direct oversight over counter moderation practices inside the media platforms. and that is not something new in china. it's not really meant to interfere with their business operations. because if we look at how this regiment is set up, it actually has been very consistent so far. only the subsidiaries, their media publishing licenses, have signed up, and we have not seen it extended to other types of businesses owned by these tech giants. but i do expect all media platforms to eventually sign up for it. so as long as beijing stays faithful to their original purpose, i think tech companies will be ok with that. yvonne: would you say then that, for an investor looking to put money into some of these stocks, is it a sign that maybe there's more clarity in the whole space

linghao bao is a tech analyst at policy research firm trivium, china. hejoins me from shanghai.bbc. chris, if i can start with you. the us concerns about china advancing in chip technology, are they justified? well, there's no doubt that chinese firms have been making real strides in the past decade, especially in the sphere of chip design capabilities. and what you find historically is that whenever powerful countries have advanced computing technologies, they deploy them to intelligence and to military systems. so i think the us is not wrong to infer that as china makes more advances in chips and more advances in computing, it will try to apply