u. s. s. may very strong statements that this is 5 alone. and if the contents of the balloon have not been destroyed and bringing it down, it should be very. ready clear that that turns out to be true or not. the instruments use by a weather balloon, as has been claimed by china, very different from those years for spine. so a weather balloon measures things like air temperature and pressure and wind speeds . but spying and balls, different kinds of sensors and cameras that are gathering information on the ground below. so there will be no question one way or the other. what was the purpose of the blue show and, and spying is not unusual between countries. is it so could you tell us a little bit more about how a surveillance balloon would work over us territory in this instance? yeah, so i spy balloon, you know, it has 2 useful attributes. so it is much closer to the ground than a spy satellite is. and so, you know, the closer you are to something more clearly you can see it. and then secondly, blue has what we call persistence. which means that, y

u. s. if relations deteriorate further, if this develops from tension into some sort of conflict, this will be so much worse, won't it? than the war in ukraine because site china is such a central part of the global system. it, sir, it's very logical. that is, it would be very disturbing scenario. and at the same time, we are rational actors and we are within the european union and nato, and we share information. we share intelligence, we prepare together, we analyze together, and i think we have a keen interest in order to ensure that this doesn't happen and that we can deescalate where possible. but at the same time, a firm stance and clarity of messages is always appropriate. regardless of which country situation we're talking off right now. i mentioned earlier your long and distinguished career with united nations. much of that time was spent in the middle east. you were responsible and you lost 2 posts for trying to remove chemical weapons from syria. and then you were the senior, you an

u. s. as for the democrats, these are the u. s. s. will take if you take a look at the list of those invited to the 1st summit for democracy. so then there are a number of interesting country is that the u. s. never considered to be a democratic state nevertheless. so and leah, this revolutionary. so team that convenes sir, for marshall. and the summit for democracy seeks to introduce some kind of a draft decision. was that who had developed on this philosophy of her talk was his versus democracies, and that would put it into practice according to our data resources. and what was the plot is as follows. these democracies will shape their demands for ta, chris's role. they will shape their own fright for mom growth model and or they will help her. the, you know, people in the autocratic countries and the autocratic governments are suppressing these people and these autocratic countries a couple of years ago. i wouldn't even believe that little to give themselves, basically the rise that they want to get when they promote via the un entities and by

u. s. claims that it's holding so called political prisoner. so nicaragua said, well, if you want these violent crew plotters who are engaged in violent crimes, then you can take them. and now the u. s. can't claim that nicaragua supposedly has political prisoners, which it did not have. and this is the same tactic that the u. s always does. it's called moving the goalpost right. the u. s. says that the, that nicaragua has political prisoner, so nicaragua, releases them on the u. s. redefines a whole, another group of people and says they are political prisoners. this is what happened after the 2018 cru attempt. people who were were convicted of violent crimes and drug dealing and other crimes who were involved in the qu, they were imprisoned. and then as part of negotiations, the nicaraguan government passed an amnesty process that allowed some of these violent plotters to be released. and in the u. s. government said that there was another other political prisoner. so this is yet another example. venezuelan government has also done this where the, these governments that

u. s. if smearing china by re igniting the debate on the origin of the corona virus pandemic, e s department of energy says it's likely that the mars leaks from a lab in wu han. it comes as health experts around the world raise questions about the shop. decline in china's coven. 19 death data. between ag reports from beijing, in spite barely 3 months after the end of china is strict. corbett, 0 policy. the government has declared a decisive victory in the battle against the virus president. she didn't. pain presided over a meeting where officials said 200000000 people had been treated for the virus and the country's death rate was the lowest in the world. but analysts say china covered 19 data is suspiciously low, according to official figures, about $80000.00 people have died nationwide for the virus. but researchers say the true tally may be more than 1000000, not number 1000000 or more. that could be a much lower number if, if there was a better preparation and possibly better timing for th

u. s. relations. if we urge the u. s. to stop smearing china and shifting the blame, have to stop fanning the flames and fueling the fight with more weaponry kit you of it. russia and china as to, sorry, nations have complete discretion and sovereignty to decide what they want to do with their bilateral relations. as including how they want to conduct their bilateral trade relations. and no other country has any legal right to say what china should do. ashanti, as far as china, russian relations are concerned. or therefore, the united states should caribbean mind its own business, stopping supplier weapons to ukraine, and promote peaceful negotiation to be the end, the war angel cray. and rather than following the war e, u cray. now the cia director and the secretary of state bullington, even talk about what li know about what china thinks about. china thinks about nothing but bring the war to an end. so diplomacy and negotiation. why don't they think about what china thinks to contribute to peaceful ending of the war in

u. s. if you know is being held at the mississippi boulevard christian church in memphis, and is being attended by members of nichols family, civil rights figures, and community members. gabriel jones joins his live from memphis. so tell us what we can expect. while we're expecting that there will be over 2500 people that are inside this church behind me right now is this service for tyree nichols is just getting underway in the last couple minutes here . we are expecting that the u. a g will be given by reverend al sharpton, who is a very prominent civil rights advocate here in the united states. he will be giving the you would you expect to hear from benjamin crump, one of the families attorneys. and then we expect to hear from some of tyree nichols, family members, perhaps a brother, maybe his mother or his a stepfather were told that this is going to be very much a celebration of tyree nichols life and people that know him. but we're also expecting to hear particularly calls for justice no

u. s. relations. if we urge the u. s. to stop sneering, china and shifting the blame, i have to stop fanning the flames and fueling the fight with more weaponry, kit jovi, russia and china as to, sorry, nations have complete discretion and sovereignty to decide what they want to do with their bilateral relations. as including how they want to conduct their bilateral trade relations. and no other country has any legal right to say what time i should do. as far as china, russian relations are concerned. therefore, the united states should really mind its own business. stop in supply weapons to ukraine and promote peaceful negotiation to really end the war in your cray. and rather than prolonging the war your prey now, the director and the secretary, they bring to even talk about what they know about what china thinks about china thinks about nothing but bring the war to an end through diplomacy. i'm negotiation . why don't they think about what china thinks to contribute to peaceful ending of the walk in ukraine and stop th

u. s. japan and south korea hill joint if forced rules. drill themselves came after an earlier north korean miss. artist union says, says u. s. conduct would determine if the pacific is turned into way, firing brazilian, or 30. so flooding and landslides triggered by heavy rain full of killed at least 19 people. and that number may rise as risky crews have yet to reach some effected villages of the casualties or in the northern south palo state. in one city, 60 centimeters of rain fell in just 24 hours. visitors to one outfit in miami, knocked over one of office. jeff koons famous dog balloon sculptures, which smashed to pieces on the floor. the artwork was valid $42000.00. the glass shards were swept up by staff, but i still be worth thousands to collect us. a turkey is called off rescue efforts in all but 2 provinces, 2 weeks after a massive earthquake, millions a homeless and need food and shelter. u. s. secretary of state antony blinking is currently in turkey and has pledged new humanitarian aid. the earthquake that struck southeast and turkey and northern syria is killed. more than 44

u. s. secretary of defense. so if a chinese balloon is an american aerospace, or even just above it and america shoots it down, wouldn't this then give the right to china to shoot down any number of american assets that violate its air space nearly every single day? absolutely. i think for the recall the china has been condemn in the united states again and again and again, not just for days or weeks or months for years, for the fragrant violation of channels, sovereignty, and territorial integrity for violating the one china policy, etc. so if charla would do exactly like what the u. s. military did a few days ago by shooting down an innocent homeless as the u. s. military characterize this issue, ah airship, for example, from the air then china will be fully justified to shoot and shoot and shoot again and again and again. but what, what the consequences, charlotte, the loudest visual of you have a wall with each other will further bit. neither the chinese people nor the american people, therefore under gun and the

u. s. on the e. you are the closest of allies, and yet if the u. s. did carry this operation, it must have known what impact that would happen. europe's economy, european governments must have as well that the, the cost of living crisis, the, the energy hit to, to people that was going to knock on that lead to. it's not exactly the friendliest of moods. is it? no. well, it's, you know, i don't know how much the, the norwegians have been hit new agents, i think actually sell a natural gas to europe. but it's the germans who at least according to size article, we're not involved in this. whether they knew or they didn't know, i don't know, it's not in the story. but yeah, europe is some into almost double digit inflation. u. k. in germany, german businesses are in severe distress. so yeah, it's, it's, it's c worse. we're sakura the united states of sacrificing europe for its campaign for global germany. that's been true since the start of the conflict with russia and ukraine. chris, we appreciate your time and coming in the program today to talk to p. l

but if it's been hovering over canada and the u. s. for some time when the chinese have known that if it were to be discovered that it would cause a serious diplomatic spent with the u. s. i think so, you know, china has more than adequate satellite cyber human information gathering resources . it does not need that, dangled a camera from a balloon to collect information at the whims of the wind. and it certainly would not do so for so little benefit or such high cost including imperiling relations or contributing to washington's demonizing discourses. which aim to portrayed china as a threat to the u. s. and the rest of the world. all right, joseph gregory mahoney, professor politics international relations at east china normal university. thanks so much for being with us. thank you. people in ecuador will be heading to the poles in the coming hours to elect local officials and vote on constitutional reforms. many observers see this referendum as a test for a president. kia mulatto was approval rating sits at less than 20 percent. alex

u. s. relations. if we urge the u. s. to stop sneering, china and shifting the blame, i have to stop fanning the flames and fueling the fight with more weaponry. you jovi most live now to victor gao, vice president of the senate for china and globalization on regular, on the program. victor, very good to have you on again. thank you very much for having me. that festival, i'd just like to get your take on these u. s. allegations that china's planning to send arms to bush. first of all, everyone in the world knows for sure that the united states is the biggest supply of weapons of all kinds equal to offensive weapons, long range missiles, for example, to the war. be great. as a matter of fact, the united states is currently the war ukraine fast into a proxy war by the united states and nato, using ukraine as a proxy of the states to achieve geopolitical goals of the united states and nato. as a hope for the chinese side, from the very beginning of the outbreak of the special literary operations of the war, great challenges

u. s. if $22.00 aircraft shot down over the yukon or pulse have opened and cyprus for the countries presidential runoff election, asterix ballad failed to produce an outright went up. the next president will face challenges including the deadlock and re unification. talks with turkish cypriots and labor disputes and the north island of new zealand is being lashed by a strong site on 2 weeks after record breaking floods. meteorologists and forecast winds about 230 kilometers an hour. some domestic flights have been canceled with those out of the headlines. the news continues here on al jazeera after al jazeera world up next. ah. ready ready ah blue. 2 initially when i in 91 no living williams move. ready move before this declaration of the republic in 1957, denisia was an autonomous monarchy under the ottoman empire, and the french for over 300 years. the ottoman name for a provincial governor was the bay and the her senior dentist to rule to from the early 18th century in our letters ria, slug

the last nuclear test by the united states where the very beginning of the 1990 s and adding this threat. but if the u. s. does conduct to nuclear test, we will to so suspending from this deal but also issuing some potential threats for behavior in the future. all right, so if he does indeed spend rations for this patient in the treaty just how significant is it and how dangerous is this for the world? yeah, so what i think we should stress 1st is this does not mean that immediately vladimir putin is going to use a nuclear weapon. in this war. he threatened to implicitly threaten to do that in the past. this does not suddenly mean that he's going to do that, but it is a signal that he's holding this agreement sort hostage basically to what's going on in the war withdrawing corporation until some unspecified conditions are met. clearly wanting to use this is leverage against the united states to try to get it to back off with miss of course ukraine. but this is certainly not good. i mean, the world is, is, is facing a period of intense instability. intention at the moment already. these are the kind of

i'm almost thinking they trade they treated or have been treating president g as if he were a u. s. president. if you know what i mean? yes, yes. well everybody of us remember, so maybe the pictures back in 2018, was it when? uh, president trump made his 1st visit abroad, not to canada, not to mexico. no, he went sold to saudi arabia and, and did they do it was quite there. a warm, cordial atmosphere, dancing and, and swinging, and, and, and cheering, and it had its, its results. but, oh, you, you, you reminded us of the rather cool reception that our president biden received a few months ago. and the, what is, what happened now this time in terms of a drew state were said by president she is the following, the, the chinese her belong in my assessment with a very few who still take time for with it. i know there the westerners have just kind of instant meetings, very short, very awe, very concise, and it did of who doesn't leave space and time to really have a profound conversation and to build something like trust. now president, she came to saudi arabia for full 3 days. i think t

u. s. sending more troops and asking as to go to the u. s. for training shows that the situation across the taiwan straits is indeed perilous. if it wasn't the u. s. would not be doing this is why we endanger ours because we've become a porn and the conflict between china in the u. s. law. william, your other son, but there are these sentiments, the oppositions alone or do they represent a considerable view in taiwan population. i think these views represent a certain faction inside a tony society, even though we are seeing the number impose, suggesting more and more people are willing to fight for time one, if a conflict broke out with china. but at the same time, there are people who i've been talking to in recent months and weeks staying at the end of the day, maintaining peace and stability across the toe and street is still their top priority. and they are concerned about the moves and deepen ties. between the u. s . and taiwan in on the military front. and also the, you know, want these kind of gestures, the news are going to send signals to be jane and how beaching as possibly going to respond. so clearly these are not o

if you're picked up by the american forces, they could charge you with some sort of espionage act or some treasonous act. i'm trying to infiltrate a u. s. base, and if they were to get you 100 miles off shore, then granted, they haven't, they haven't total. a reason to believe you're trying to get on the base. you're doing some sort of active direct activism that you're trying to get on the base and trying to sneak on the bay and that concerns me because it would leave you very little opportunity. and it would be a great risk to your, to your safety. honestly for you to challenge them so openly if you were to to try to escape them, they'd forgive me, but they would hunt you down. they would, they would chase you to, wiley, would you like vice, this is lucy white, but being on that boat, i'd rather run into somali and pirates than run into the u. s. military, to be honest with it, because they will be aggressive. they will be very aggressive and they will, they will shoot 1st and ask questions later. i think i think there's a good chance at the west 1st unless they were finding more than half the money that would be on that. i would hav

u. s. if they are deemed a potential threats in washington , caroline shively fox news next on the four chatbots are taking center stage in the world of tech this week. microsoft's being chat gpt is making some waves saying, in part that it wanted to be human. when chatting with a journalist, we take a closer look at the open, ai coming up. a notable jump in temperatures across the bay area this afternoon with a warming trend that will carry on through the weekend. better details on what this week is your chance to try any - subway footlong for free. like the subway series menu. just buy any footlong in the app, and get one free. free monsters, free bosses, any footlong for free! this guy loves a great offer. let's see some hustle! oh ms flores. you're the leader of many and pet wrangler, too. so becoming a student again might seem impossible. national university is here to support all of you. national university. supporting the whole you. for businesses of all sizes, there are a lot of choice

the white house would not roll out shooting down more unidentified aircraft over the u. s ifemed potential threat hobbyist club in illinois says that one of their balloons is missing and may have been shot down by the us military. last weekend. a group in san jose says that khabibulin's have been in the skies for decades despite only now getting worldwide attention. ktvu is mark sayer takes a look. this video from 2014 shows a high altitude balloon being launched from south san jose as part of a stem outreach effort with menlo college. the balloon was provided by the san jose based california near space project where ron meadows is founder. students are learning by flying these flights around the world. they're they're learning communications aviation . the interest in high altitude balloons began in early february when the u. s military tracked and ultimately shot down with the government says was a chinese spy balloon. but a week later, the military shot down three more balloons over us and canadian airspace, which could turn out to be nothing more than scientific or hobbyi

u. s. congress. this was this operation was done by the navy diaries rather than the seal. so they didn't have to inform the intelligence committees in the u. s. congress. they now know that if they've read this, that they have been used, they were bypassed. where is one voice in the u. s. congress demanding that they look into making subpoena, evil in the administration asked point blank point blank under old. were this, is this story true? did the united states have an operation? look, that's not going to happen much. what needs to happen, but i'm afraid it won't. and the european power, nothing. and us comes to nothing which i her, she's going to come up with. another piece of, let's just stay tuned. well, so he's looking forward to the next piece from a small house. joe, let me ask you, is there any chance, i mean, who might have some leverage here to, to shed light on actually what happened in september to the pipelines, i mean, could russia or another international body trying apply pressure? well, it's interesting because hersh revealed in an interview with the german newspaper after the peace that 6 of the 8 explosives went off. so there are 2 that did not explode. w

u. s. president . if it happened at all, it follows a back and forth between the western allies on who would send the advanced heavy weapons 1st. that ended up taking the american pledge of what was initially a single abrams tank, which subsequently grew to $31.00 for germany to cross the line as well and promised it's leopard 2 tanks. here's the u. s. national security advisers take on how events evolve. he recently decided against sending them because his military told them that they would not be useful on the battlefield in this fight, but would be useful, would be german tanks. so in the interest of aligns unity and to ensure that ukraine got what it wanted, despite the fact that the abraham's aunt, the tool they need, the president said, ok, i'm going to be the leader of the free world. i will send abrams down the road. if you send leopards now, while political scientist and international security analyst marks la boda, i believe the leopard on abrams tanks at will not deliver victory to to be perfec

if nato needs to transport weapons of any kind, closer to russia's borders, all of that has been said. and show said recently that there security depends entirely on the u. s. well, if the you thinks that what it should be doing is making appeals to washington to spear the european industry and economy. and to make some benevolent gestures with regard to the laws, the subsidies that the united states gives to you as companies on its territory, which makes european competitors and viable a deuce. the french economy minister said quite some time ago that electricity prices for businesses in europe are 4 times higher than in the u. s. that alone is something. and president macro said recently that they would ask the us to make adjustments to provide some discounts exceptions. so i suppose, asking is what they'll be doing for you to rush. you can, should he has already gone that to ask to no avail yet. that's why i don't take much interest in what the e. u was debating. i hear they're also planning to invite zalinski. i don't know whether he supposed to be there via video link or in person, but we will hear about it. they've decided long ago to make zalinski,

if of course the saudi state switched sides in this. now global realignment that's going on. and started actually moving more towards the bricks alliance and away from me it's alliance with the u. s. britain. if they did that, then the british might cut off the arms. but as things stand, the british are going to try desperately to maintain this close alliance with the saudis, because they relied on that to exercise their influence in the middle east for over 70 years now. so barring the, a change in continued changing policy in the saudi state, the british are going to give up that relationship and they are going to give up the very profitable selling of arms to saudi arabia. what do you think the united nations has been seemingly one sided in this conflict, sanctioning the who the rebels, but failing to do the same over the alleged war crimes committed by the saudi led coalition? i think it's because the united nations, unfortunately, is the institution which now is completely dominated by the united states. it has been so probably since at least the 19 ninety's when the soviet union imploded and the americans were able to completely take over all the different un agencies, whic

u. s. coast guard ships on the scene. they plan to use us navy divers at unmet submersible to bring it to the surface in the next few days. and then the u. s. will decide if they want to publicly and the debate offering proof of what this was . it's still an open debate because huge balloon was in fact following the air streams of the area and that it has a tractor of that. it is not loitering over montana, it was shot off the eastern seaboard. so at this juncture, this idea that this is somehow a spy ship, that was liberally said by china seems a little bit far fetched. but us analysts say the fact that they believe a similar balloon as travel in latin america makes this theory more likely. i did not believe that it was just a weather balloon loan. of course it would be quite a coincidence if we have this loon going into u. s. air space. while apparently there's another one crossing latin america a simultaneously infringing upon other countries here space. another strain in an already frayed relationship, which was supposed to take steps toward improvement on saturday. instead, taking a step back. particle haine al jazeera washington syrian refugees in g

u. s. for around to sell one of its most valuable assets? it's oil on petroleum products to asian? well, i think if we understand how the u. s. has been imposing its policies and imperialist ambitions around the world. it's not very difficult to understand that the u. s. is a u. s. is basically fearing that it will lose its growth on the region and on other nations and. and as i said, these exterior territorial sanctions are means to kind of give a lesson to any country that there's to stand against the u. s. is the extra territory all coercive measures and sanctions. so the u. s. is very worried that, for example, other countries would tend to deal with iran with russia, china, that the u. s. c's ads as it rivals around the world. but at the same time, i mean, you can see that, for example, european countries did not, did not stand to usaa and of course of measures and even a accepted that their own citizens would be dealing with the economy could difficulties when it came to the sanctions on impose on russia and iran, and they refused to deal with iran and russia directly even though those polici

u. s. dollar. if the i met demands the removal of exchange rate controls and demands pakistan east pay higher taxes. so we hit the streets and po from the locals. some of them saying the i method only making methods. what i think the i'm of is just creating a drama with actually the i m f job. he's meant to be to help stabilize economies if they need financial help. but here's the image is driving us to a default. also in the program, a couple buys at a former british prime minister bowers johnson says the u. k. government is controlled by a deep state of ingrained officials, the lack of democratic a, some big developments from around the world in your wednesday news live from moscow . it's so good to have your company. this is program analogy international. so we do start now with the latest news from don bass as well. local authorities say the ukrainian health city of the art of trouble, so also known as bach, mood is becoming in circled by russian forces. now this comes as a russia, so defense mini

u. s. and if that doesn't happen, she's even talking about impeachment. he's aware of these voices, and that is why he will make a call for unity. and that message isn't just to the allies here, but to those who support ukraine in its war with a, with russia, and also to those at home who may be a growing voices of dissent as hard as the allen to underestimate the significance and symbolism of less speech given that in just round about a year ago, just after russia invaded ukraine, joe biden sterns in this exact same place. and interesting that he has been talking in the previous hours about how this time he's very much likely to stick to his scripts. tell us what happened last year swell just at the end. i mean, it was literally in the last few seconds. and i remember watching it sitting in our office in washington watching it and sitting bolt upright when he said it. because it was completely off script, it wasn't in the prepared remarks. and he said, my god, this man can't stay in power. and it felt as if he was calling for regime change in moscow, whi

u. s. but if you look at just the movement in the last 24 hours, 1st with the white house banning the app on federal phones and computers and now the slightly movement of allowing the president to ban take talk across the country of this committee takes action. well, it certainly appears that take talk may be caught up between the, the tensions between these 2 countries that may not farewell only to her castile life or stare from capitol hill. high to thank you were china says the bun by the u . s. is an abuse of state power neighborhood, zoe. she's yet. or how cool? as the world's thought to superpower how unsure of itself can the usb to fear a young people's fear it up to such a degree. when the u. s. has been over stretching the concept of national security and abusing state power to suppress other countries. companies to we firmly oppose this wrong actions. issues with the u. s. government should respect the principles of market economy and fair competition, or less brand glen call. he's a for

u. s. to limiting their stockpile of nuclear warheads. they came into force in 2011 and it was due to expire in 2020 sex. how potent also warned washington, that if the u. s. presumes nuclear tests, russia will do the same. and his audience of all makers applauded the announcement . ah, after you, i repeat what russia is, you don't withdrawing from the treaty. no, no, but even ladies suspending his participation. but before returning to the discussion of this issue, we should understand for ourselves what such countries of the north atlantic treaty alliance like france and great britain claim. jessica, from that high, we will take into account their strategic arsenals. that is the alliances combined strike potential, which through our company would barely put them so alliance. i spoke earlier to our chorus on it, you're a rash shatteau in riga, and he told me what russia suspension of the new start treaty means. well, the purpose of this treated clear is to reduce nuclear weapons. it's the only remaining element of the nuclear arms control treaties system between the united states and russia. and the 2 countries hold together about 90 percent of

u. s. but to really strong language. and if that wasn't bad enough, when he is heading to moscow today, but she's not going to come nav and europe in washington as we kind of head into the anniversary of this war. fascinating, couple of days database met more. thanks so much. ok. let's take a look now at some of the other stories making headlines around the world. this are brazilian or 30 say at least 36 people have been killed in heavy flooding and landslides in the state of south palo. the torrential rain hit on carnival weekend, whole neighborhoods around the water and rescued seems i struggling to find survivors. u. s. secretary of state antony blinking has announced a further $100000000.00 in aid after the devastating earthquake in turkey and syria . after talks with his turkish counterpart of a soul, you think it is expected to make president richard type one in the capital ankara on monday. north korea has testified 2 more ballistic missiles. shortly after the u . s. in japan and south korea held, joined air force drills

and if that's the case, then the u. s. could have a strategic advantage in case facilities break out in the taiwan strait. what we're seeing right now really is the rejuvenation of u. s. philippines ties during the administration of former president, rodrigo detective, the visiting force. his agreement was almost terminated, which meant that joined us, philippines, military exercises were all, also almost halted. but 2 months from now, we are expecting to see the largest iteration of valley that joined us. philippine military exercises are over 160001000 troops from the philippines and the u. s. will be participating. moline, what sort of reaction or regional reaction do expect to this announcement? we know that annoyed austin's trip has already pumped into dramatic reaction from north korea. well i think for sure that we will hear from, from china because especially if it's confirmed that these locations for these new basis that the u. s. will have access to will be in the north part of the philippines, closer taiwan. but