however, choctaw legislative documents from the era revealed that choctaw spent a great deal of time talking about their commitment to the confederate states of america and raising this force. so here i will share screen so that we can make sure we're all on the same page about where we are in terms of location. so i'm most interested in the choctaw nation which you can see here in this the south east corner of indian territory at this time. and i focus on the choctaws because of their strong commitment to the confederacy, which is what i explore in the larger book project. here is my moment of shameless self-promotion dr. quigley did some for me but this talk and more on this subject can be found in in my new book chalk talk confederates and the strength of their commitment which we can talk about in the q&a i think is best exemplified by the fact that they pass the statute deeming it treason to say anything negative about the confederacy, right? that's how strongly they are committed to the confederate cause so as a separate sovereign nation with its own constitution judicial syste

m there were choctaw men committing to fight before the choctaw legislature officially sided with the confederacy. the enthusism is high. the work was signed before. the government passed a resolution in support of the southern state in february of 1861 the formal treaty alignance didn't come to later. the resolution was than response to the february 4th meeting of six southern states to form a provisional government and form the confederate states of america. this must have been in response to the meeting. the choctaw might have been waiting to the succeeding states before expressing support. the u.s. indian agent enrolled natives before an official treaty of aligns was signed. musterer roles show 180 troops. youan can see the description he in the northeast corner of largf slaveholders in the area. that explains the high number of enlistments in the area or this might have been prompted by the neighboring state of arkansas to joinhe the confederacy one week prior on may 7, 1861. fort washington, sulfer springs. sugar loaf, perryville were all locations for clusters of enlistment in

there are people like the father of john hope franklin talks about his grandmother being choctaw. the art kind of stories of this intermarriage but when it comes down to it there is relatively little of that particularly on the nations of the creek and nations have more but there's always a kind of fear of intermarriage and interracial sex is going to create people who are viewed as black and not as native you see that a lot of legislation and all of these tribes are bidding interracial sex, interracial marriage, citizenship for interracial children and the book talks about how it was difficult to have an interracial marriage or interracial sexual relationship that produces children and how those mixed-race children were treated differently depending on how the nation was thinking that citizenship and think about kinship and maligning at that time. >> thank you. those two books are greater i recommend them for anybody who's interested inin this topic learning more. this is a question that again ties to the discussion that everybody is having right now, not everybody but lots of pe

the choctaw did at a later date but because the chickasaw and choctaw treaties were tied together, it didn't necessarily come to the end the treaty was supposed to come to. how canin i explain that? the choctaw and chickasaw have an interesting treaty because the united states says you can adopt these people, these for r free people, or you cannot adopt but if you don't it will not get the money for the land that we have just taken from you, bought from. you. so it's an interesting choice given to them and i've always search for documents on why they were given the specific choice. i haven't found that there may be someone else will pick i have to draw the conclusion that this prejudice among these nations was known as a thought they're not going to adopt them, then we will get to keep that money, it's really great beer there have been lawsuits between the two nations and the united states over that money and over that difference of thosedi treaties but that is the biggest difference there are other differences and how much land is given to free people in all the treaties pick the cho

the very first of these trees is a tree of dancing rabbit creek with the choctaw in 1831. and so they sign this agreement to remove from basically your job to indian territory and they did it in three waves from 1831 to 1833 . not all the choctaw. we're talking about 15,000 of population shy of 20,000 so the vast majority. the thing is the first wave hits a blizzard. second wave is going to be decimated by cholera. and all three waves will face significant supply shortages and general incompetence on the part of the federal individuals who are leading this process so that when said and done something like 2 to 4000 people will die in the process and in this choctaw removal that we get the first people who use the phrase trail of tears. that's the start point. there's an effort actually to get a treaty with the seminal in ed 32. what they do is they send a negotiator down and say where not sure how we feel this land in oklahoma, and we said some people to check it out? they go to overall and check it out and there's this report that supposedly the seminole leaders sign sayi

if you take white southerners who take what is happening in choctaw nation and indian territory, i think we can assume racism so they are lazy and they don't know how to do work or don't get it, they are good masters and i don't know if they have evidence or that is just the rhetoric people use because it's something negative. that is a little bit of a snapshot and that is the second half of the question. >> was there an official statement when they came out and said we are doing this because of slavery, slavery means this to us? >> oh, in that kind of way. let me think. where the principal chief and otherr officials, things like we are southern in every respect or they talk about enslaved people were he talks about why lincoln is a problem and it's for emancipation or letters where they say ten of the same thing where white slaveholders, they sayy howdy to my people for me o it's very similar in terms of the way they are talking about. do we have in alexander cornerstone moment? no. >> one of the things i liked about your book is the way you talk about subsidies. you showed an example i

in another kind of hard part of the difference and that choctaws and chickasaws is deciding to educateldren and throughout the united states so they kind of their strategic choices they made to bite into certain american things that ended up helping him out in multiple ways. rose: thank you. we have a couple of other questions this about sort of the aftermath of once is different tribes are required to citizenship and landed to the freed people. one is a question about boarding schools. did indian creek people during the allotment. it's up with a of the boarding schools in the same way that native children work during this period we talk about that briefly before. then another question about how this period of time, you have and lots of ways united states government sort of tries to make sense of the populations of people. one person is asking if there was pressure from indian freed people to identify as black or native. and if that was a choice that people were able to make. or was not forced upon them. alaina: well there's something called chickasaws prettyman who i believe there are

the first of these is the treaty of dancing rabbit creek with the choctaw in 1831. and they signed this agreement to move from basically georgia to indian territory and did it in 3 ways from 1831 and ultimately 1833. we are talking about 15,000 the out of a population shy of 20,000, the vast majority. the thing is the first wave hits a blizzard. secondly, the second wave is decimated by cholera. all three waves are going to face significant supply shortages and the general incompetence on the part of the federal individuals who are leading this process so all said and done something like 2000 to 4000 people are going to die in the process and the choctaw a removal we actually, the first time people use the phrase trail of tears. that is the start point. there is an effort to have a treaty with the seminole in 1832, what they do is send -- negotiated to the seminal and about this land in oklahoma, can we send people to check it out. sure. so go to oklahoma and they come back and there is a report that supposedly, these seminole leaders signed so this land is terrific

and so in that same language, then the choctaw subjects lost also hundreds of cherokees and seminolesone can imagine that those all kind of came together that at one time related people hundreds. there was plan called the state of sequoyah that possibly happen hypothetically and theoretical even in the state of sequoyah movement 1905 and 1960 was also called state of the ocean. state of oklahoma, state of tecumseh, and several names up there. mm kay. real quick. randall would like to know how significant might be president biden's appointment of debra haaland as the secretary of interior make, his presidency in the eyes of native people, no other time has there been a native person appointed in that position because the appointee in the highest level for native person always been what carter changed while he was president and as assistant secretary. and so we have brown, who was assistant secretary, who acting secretary, interior for about 48 hours. i know earlier he told me that he was a professor at asu. and so he told that and laughed about it. and so he ordered like a log to be pu

. >> reporter: we just received an update from the choctaw police department.y now say three people were shot, not four, including a 16-year-old male who has since died from their wounds. he was shot in the groin area. a 42-year-old man was shot in the chest and is recovering in stable condition in the icu, and a young female was shot in the leg, she has been treated and released. this was the scene last night at a high school football game in choctaw, oklahoma. players and coaches and fans running for their lives after hearing gunshots from the visitors' side of the stadium. fans were ducking in the stands, and players and coaches dropped to the ground on the field for cover. the chaos was captured best by the announcers who were calling the game. listen. >> what is going on? [background sounds] >> what's happening? >> i have no idea what's happening. [background sounds] >> what is going on? >> reporter: police say the gunshots started after an argument between two males. two guns and eight rounds were found at the scene. there have been no arrests, and they a

raised in the cherokee nation, sovereignty in the 19th century, and her most recent book is called "choctawfederates: the american civil war in indian country." and, of course, you recognize the title. the book is a subject of tonights talk and it's also basically brand-new pair i noticed it's official publication date was exactly two weeks ago, so it's a two-week birthday or your book this evening, and we're excited to share it with you. confided in all of the usual bookstore places as well as directly from the university of north carolina press publisher. so the talk will be around 30 heightened 35 minutes but it also will also will a plenty of time for discussion at the end, and we we do discussion if you been to these events before you will know we do all through the acuity feature in zoom so you can type in questions to the q&a box at any time except something occurs to you during the call feel free to type in or wait until the end and will get to as many as your question as we can. we will wrap things up when about an hour and 15 minutes, so around 8:15 eastern time. so that's all for

in choctaw, oklahoma, a 16-year-old boy was shot and killed friday at a football game. and in jopatown, maryland, or people died in a shooting. >>> now to the ongoing crisis in spanish soccer. fifa has provisionally suspended spain's football chief louis ruelas for 90 days after he was filmed kissing a player on spain's team moments after they won the world cup last weekend. he says the kiss was consensual, but the player, jennifer hermosa, denied that. many demanded his resignation and just hours after his suspension on saturday, nearly a dozen members of the spanish women's national soccer program also resigned. in the last hour, cnn spoke with catalonia's minister for equality in feminism and asked if louis ruelas' case could be a turning moment for other women in sports. here's what he had to say. >> what happens here in this particular case sends a strong message to a sports federation and to all women, girls, and teenagers who are practicing sports, either professionally or non-professionally. so while rubiales needs to be dismissed, as well as all of his work, wh

in choctaw, oklahoma, a 16-year-old boy was killed after gunfire broke out during a high school football game. and police in chicago say that two fans suffered bullet wounds at friday's white sox game. now, it's not clear what happened and whether the shots came from inside or outside the ballpark. now, there have been huneds of mass shootings in the u.s. this year. source, the gun violence ative archive. so far this year, the united states h recorded more than 471 mass shootings. that compares to more than 640 for all of last year. cnn defines a mass shooting as one in which at least four people are shot, excluding the shooter. >>> former preside dald trump is now facing criminal trials in florida, georgia, washington, and new york, but he's using his georgia arrest to make money. his campaign says it raised $7.1 million since last thursday. trump has a very busy courtroom lming over him in the district attorney fani willis is proposing an october3rd trial in georgia -- in the a ection subversion case. e federal election interference trial could as early anext year. and the civil trial

police say at least three people were injured in a shooting during the third quarter of a dell city choctawall game in oklahoma. i want to warn you this next video is disturbing. [ gunshots ] >> what is going on? >> what's happening? i have no idea what's happening. what is going on? [ gunshots ] >> we've got people shooting. >> oh my goodness. where? >> i don't know. people are down on the field. that's crazy. oh man! >> everybody, get down. >> it's crazy and it's sad. authorities say a woman was treated and released after she suffered a gunshot wound to her leg. two men were also injured. they sustained gunshot wounds. no reports yet on their condition. police say there are no suspects in custody. >>> two school districts in eastern kentucky are cancelling classes less than two weeks after the start of school because of upticks in cases of covid-19 and other respiratory illnesses. the lee county school district said attendance had dropped by 81% by early this week before classes were moved online. in georgia, morris brown college this week said it was implementing a two-week mask mandate

lexi choctaw police department in oklahoma splitting the public to do the right thing and a step forwardnformation about the shooting. there been no arrests up until this point. they believe it started after two males got into a heated argument. a person of interest is described as a tall black mail wearing a red sweatpants appeared to guns and eight rounds are found at the scene for this was a terrifying scene, take a look again for his capture during the high school football game live broadcast in the third quarter produce the players, coaches, fans running for their life after hearing gunshots for the visitor side of the stadium. fans are ducking in the stands players and coaches even dropping to the ground on the field for cover. the payoff captured best by the announcers calling the game. >> what is going on? [background noises] we have got people shooting. >> only going to swear? i don't know people are down on the field. that is crazy. oh man. >> everybody get down. quick sp split three people were shot including a 16-year-old mail who died from his wounds 42-year-old mail was sho

i watched choctaw do his thing. he had former vice president mike pence on.vorite question that he asked my spends. he asked the former president and vice president, he considered himself a maga republican. i want to play what he had to say. >> look, i am a christian and a republican and indeed that order. i always said. that those are my values and those are my ideals. i really believe the agenda i've always been about, i'm looking forward to taking the main stage. if that's the advantage that will bring it all the way back. >> carlos that was the second and so the former vice president pence gave. he said he is a christian conservative. a, conservative christian in that order. he seems very comfortable on the campaign trail now. he's a little over a week away. we can away a half for the first debate. what do you think about him navigating the type rope of going after trump, not criticizing the record, also being proud of what they did. it's a lot. >> simone, i watched you, this interview was particularly interesting. mike, pants look, i give him credit on j

they had an nba player in junior high we beat him in high school at a buzzer beater and my buddy choctawsknew and that was a big night for me as a fat kid in high school. so that vie careius experience was a big win for division. >> greg: wow, that wasn't the kind of local story i was hoping for. >> jimmy: i gave you like five. >> greg: all right, ashley, try not to learn from that example. where are you from? >> ashley: i'm from south florida, land of florida man, c class mercedes and publics. >> greg: what is your story i my story is publix, our beloved grocery store made hurricane cakes to bring joy to people who thought they might die in hurricanes like weather it out, leave florida alone, and apparently some cry babies found this and publix had to apologize and remove them due to sensitivity concerns. >> greg: really? >> ashley: yes, but at least florida can do hurricanes right. >> greg: yes. a nice little hurricane cake, huh? yeah. so, kat. detroit or midwest? >> kat: yeah, wisconsin. >> greg: wisconsin >> kat: a woman in wisconsin, named sarah, is very old. >> greg: how old, kat? >

. >> it took place at choctaw high just east of okemos city police confirm at least three people werehot one of them a 16-year-old boy was killed. there were no arrests. police said gunfire broke out after at least two males got into an argument. and yet more gunfire today in boston buried seven people wounded at the city's annual caribbean carnival. two suspects in custody, police say none of the victims had life-threatening injuries. the scene is still active. the investigation ongoing. well, florida get ready. we are just learning a hurricane is set to make landfall there on tuesday. much of florida is now under a state of emergency. fox news and meteorologist adam klotz is here to take us through the latest forecast. >> hey john, this update just coming up from the national hurricane center right now just a tropical depression tropical depression 10 but it is forecast to become a hurricane and make landfall in florida late tuesday or early wednesday morning. so currently kind of a messy storm system we are looking at there. we do secretly tropical storm warnings in cozumel, cancÚn

well, look, this all happened at a high school football game in choctaw, oklahoma, about 10 miles east fired at 10:15 p.m. last night. a warning, the video you're about to see could be disturbing to some. you can see football players from both teams rushing, sprinting off of the field after hearing shots. the sidelines, coaches and players, they're clearing off the sidelines as well in a panic. fans duck and take cover in the stands and so do people in the field. you see them fall to the ground. an off-duty officer providing security for the opposing football team fired his gun in response. police say four people were shot including a high school student who was shot in the thigh. she has been released from the hospital, we do not know the condition of the other three victims. there there have been no arrests, the suspect is described as a black male wearing a gray hoodie. and this all comes as security at high school football games becoming more of an issue nationwide. here in atlanta wisconsin net county schools is now implementing new security measures including requiring high schoo

in boston and choctaw. >> yeah. it is happening all over the country over the weekend. i believe the sheriff is with us now. sheriff, thank you very much for being with us. our condolences to your community. i'm very sorry to what your community is going through. i couldn't help but pick up in the frustration on your voice. is there anything else you can tell us, or update us, apart from what up at the press conference? i know you were holding back on further identifying the gunman at this point. not that he deserves any identification, but is there any more you can tell us about what motivated this? what was behind this? >> clearly nothing but his dislike for the black community. he said it. he said it in his manifesto. he made it very clear. i held back on the number of times he used the word. i did not explain that as many times as he said it. but it is very clear that he has a problem with the black community. >> how many guns? >> he had a glock pistol and he had an ar-15 type rifle. >> and did both weapons have swastikas on them? was it just the glock? can you tell

as intermarriage, are relatively small amounts of intermarriage and especially the chickasaw and choctawients overr there are people like franklin is a father of john hope franklin it talks about is grandmother being chopsaw and there are kind of stories of intermarriage. when he comes down to it, nurse relatively will about the pending of the nation so the selections they have mark and there is always a kind of a fear of dissemination that intermarriage andrm interregionl will create people who were as black and novice native and so you seeac that elective legislation in the tribes for brilliant murder under interracial marriage and citizenship for interracial children in the first booked up by divine talks about that and how it is difficult to have an interracial marriage orre relationships and children and how those children were treated differently depending on all of the nation how it was thinking about citizenship's thinking about kinship and belonging at that time. >> thank you and yes, those books are great and definitely anybody interested in this topic it in learning more. and

the former president's's lawyers doing an appearance on all media networks today, speaking to our choctawmorning, defending his client, the former president, who on the campaign trail said that this is about his poll numbers, where he's continuously climbing, he is currently leading the closest rival, desantis of florida, by double digits. his supporters who i spoke to all weekend as well backing that up, saying this is political, that the timing of this is questionable. joined a half years, or a year and a half, after january 6th, before the 2024 election they gets very close, around the corner, and so, he is continuing to say that this is nothing but a political matter. i want you to take a listen, though, to what the chief democrat, one of the top democrats of the january 6th select committee in the house who spent close to two years going through all of the evidence here, what he had to say to counter that claim from trump. watch. >> he conspired to defraud the american people out of our right to an honest election by substituting the real legal process we have under federal and state

. >> reporter: shots rang out at choctaw high school around 10:30 p.m. four people were shot.t one, a student, treated for a gunshot wound to her thigh. >> there's four victims with gunshots. one has been treated and released. >> reporter: the condition of the other three is unknown. >> we don't have any suspects in custody at this time. >> reporter: one officer working security at the game discharged their weapon, but thankfully he was not shot. will, frightening moments for sure. >> will: derricke, those kids running. unbelievable, just senseless and terrifying. thank you for bringing that to us this morning. >>> we're going to turn now to the republican presidential hopefuls hitting the campaign trail following their first primary debate and the first booking and mugshot of a former president in history. what happens next to donald trump's and everyone else's chances for the nomination? to answer that question, we turn to abc's senior white house correspondent selina wang. she is in washington. selina, good morning. >> reporter: good morning, will. well, donald trump, he wa

police say one person was killed after gunfire broke out during a game last night in the town of choctaw >> police say three people were shot during an argument on the visitors side of the field. a 16-year-old boy was killed, according to police. two guns and eight rounds of ammunition were recovered. no arrests have been made. >>> in chicago, police say two fans were injured by bullets at the white sox game last night. it's unclear what exactly happened. what we know is both victims are women. one was hospitalized with a gunshot wound to her leg. according to officials, the second woman was grazed in the abdomen but was -- she refused medical treatment. police are now investigating whether the shots were fired from inside or outside the ballpark. the game continued, but a post-game concert was canceled. >>> in northeastern maryland, four people including a 17-year-old were killed in a shooting at an apartment. deputies were called to the building just after 11:00 a.m. yesterday after a report of an active shooter. police believe the gunman is among the dead. but they say they have yet t

my grandmother maternal is from mcallister and mcallister is the second largest town in the choctaw nation. but as far as i know, she's african and cherokee as well. my father's side of the family is african and seminole. so i always think about the fact that i have relations who were on the trail of tears, who survived that because that's the only reason why the cherokee would be in oklahoma. i have relatives relations that fought the u.s. army to a standstill, to a standstill. and technically speaking, they never really lost. it's just the government realized we keep sending troops down into florida, but they never make it out. then they sent more troops and they didn't make it out. and suddenly it we better just stop this particular protocol here. and that gives you a little bit of attitude as well. so that that's part of my background. and so when i started telling the story of buffalo soldiers, i realized that if my the character that i betrayed was african and indian, that would a greater story. and that also would be a story that's more true because there is a complexity to all of u

my grandmother maternal is from mcallister.in mcallister's second largest town in the choctaw nation for its far as i know she's african and cherokee as well but my father's side of the family is african and seminole. i think about the facts that i have relations who were on the trail of tears who survived epic that only white cherokee would be in oklahoma. i have relatives, relations that fought the u.s. army to withstand a standstill on technically speaking they never really lost the government realized we keep sending troops onto florida but they never make it out. then they send more troops. and they didn't make itn' out. and suddenly they realize we better just stop the protocol here. that gives you a little attitude as well. so that is part of my background. when heso started telling the story of buffalo soldiers i carealize the character portrayd was african and indian that would make a greater story. that also would be a story that is more true. there is a complexity to all of us that usually we do not acknowledge we have a tendency to say there's a black or a native person w

>> you know, all my my dad's a a full blood choctaw indian from ida belle so i didn't really get intol us. and so today we have famous states restaurants all the way from san jose, california to washington, d.c., up to oregon down the taxes. wow. that's i mean, congratulations. talk about it. she even the american dream. you know, famous states really is an american dream come true. and in today where we're going to see if there's some other bbq pitmasters who can achieve their dreams by winning to see who's got the best barbecue today. just incredible. and would you like to walk us through some of the food that we're seeing on the screen right now? i mean, this is this is something that people can order well, this is our all american bbq feast. >> we've got the world's best ribs. rules of iraq. you check corn. the best brisket. >> mac and we've got a tree. but if folks come on out today, the san jose will be giving out some free barbecue, they'll get to see. >> the best pitmasters struck this stuff come for a lot of prize monies. >> there's going to be some free barbecue. fantastic.